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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Influence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormones on reproductive hormones in gray wolves (Canis lupus).

The release of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormones was studied in intact and neutered gray wolves (Canis lupus) to determine how these hormones interact and affect reproductive hormones. Experiments were performed on adult wolves anesthetized with 400 mg ketamine and 50 mg promazine. Intravenous (i.v.) injections with 50 micrograms ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF) significantly increased adrenocorticotropin (ACTH; P < or = 0.01), cortisol (CORT; P < or = 0.004), and progesterone (P < or = 0.036), but not beta-endorphin (P > or = 0.52). Since neutered wolves demonstrated dose-dependent elevations in response to ACTH, it was concluded that the progesterone was secreted from the adrenal gland. Basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in neutered wolves were similar before and 60 min after i.v. injection of 1, 5, or 25 IU ACTH (P > or = 0.36) or 2.2 mg/kg cortisol (P = 0.42). Neither 25 IU ACTH (P = 0.55) nor 0.22 mg/kg dexamethasone (P = 0.49) altered the LH response to injection of LH releasing hormone in neutered wolves. Chronic administration of 0.22 mg/kg/day dexamethasone for 3 d did not alter baseline LH concentrations (P = 0.75). Injection of 1.0 mg/kg naloxone (NAL), however, increased LH concentrations relative to baseline values in both intact (P = 0.032) and neutered (P = 0.0005) female wolves, but not in intact (P = 0.19) or neutered males (P = 0.07). These results indicated that in gray wolves (1) oCRF stimulated the release of pituitary and adrenal hormones in a fashion similar to that of other mammals; (2) the adrenal cortex was capable of secreting progesterone into the systemic circulation; (3) exogenous glucocorticoids did not alter LH concentrations; and (4) endogenous opioids may modulate LH secretion in female wolves.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed2025

Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Gray Wolves (Canis lupus).

The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is the only wild ancestor of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and serves a crucial role in understanding the highly controversial issue of dog origins. Recently, ancient DNA studies on gray wolves from different regions of the Eurasian continent have achieved significant breakthroughs, providing important clues about the dog origins. As one of the potential origin areas for dogs, East Asia has seen some research on ancient dogs; however, reports related to gray wolves remain limited. In this study, we sequenced seven new mitogenomes of ancient gray wolves from Northern China, integrating them with 497 ancient and modern canid mitogenomes from published data. Our results reveal the following: (1) East Asian gray wolves have maintained high genetic diversity from ancient times to the present; (2) multiple haplogroup A gray wolves from Northern China support the hypothesis that Northeastern Eurasia is a core region for dog origins; (3) a deep gray wolf lineage in East Asia has been identified in this study; (4) different mitogenomes concentrated at the Jinchankou site indicate that admixture may have frequently occurred in the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings enhance our understanding of the maternal genetic history of gray wolves in East Asia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Traumatic, degenerative, and developmental lesions in wolves and coyotes from Saskatchewan.

A retrospective review was done of traumatic and osseous lesions in 241 wolves (Canis lupus) and 316 coyotes (Canis latrans) necropsied at the University of Saskatchewan between 1971 and 1990. Most lesions were the result of interspecific conflict. The most frequently occurring lesion in wolves was fracture of one or more bones, primarily ribs. Lesions were healed in most cases and appeared to be compatible with injuries caused by prey animals. One wolf, found dead, died as a result of thoracic trauma. Limb and skull fractures were less common. Fractures were uncommon in coyotes. The most frequent injuries in coyotes were related to gunshot wounds. Four coyotes had been killed but not eaten by wolves. One wolf had been killed and another attacked by wolves. Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) quills contributed to the death of a wolf and two coyotes. Degenerative joint disease, involving the spinal column and limb joints, was found in a few individuals of both species. A coyote had severe anomalies of the spinal column and a wolf had anomalous external genitalia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1992

Seroprevalence of Lyme disease in gray wolves from Minnesota and Wisconsin.

To determine the seroprevalence of Lyme disease in gray wolves (Canis lupus) from various counties of Minnesota and Wisconsin (USA), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. Titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. Results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by Western blotting. Of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had IFA titers of greater than or equal to 1:100. Three of the positive samples were collected from Douglas County in Wisconsin and twelve were from Minnesota counties. This study indicates that wolves are exposed to B. burgdorferi and are susceptible to Lyme disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Treatment of patients bitten by rabid or suspected rabid wolves with inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine and rabies gammaglobulin.

During 1972-1976 46 persons in 9 foci were bitten by wolves. 39 of them were immunized with antirabies gammaglobulin and tissue culture rabies vaccine; 7 received culture vaccine only. Rabies in wolves was confirmed clinically or in the laboratory in 8 foci. Bites of dangerous localization: face, head or fingers of the hands, predominantly multiple, were noted in 25 humans; 5 of them were young, 7 to 16 years old. Antirabies gammaglobulin was given to 9 people, predominantly in the dose of 0,5 ml per kg of weight, once on the 1st day after exposure (381-538 IU per kg of weight) to 14 people, once on the 2nd day (706-773 IU) to 3 people, twice on the 2nd and 3rd to 3 people, once on the 3rd and 5th day to 10 people, twice on the 2nd and 3rd day or on the 5th day after exposure. Vaccination course was started 24 hours after administration of gammaglobulin and predominantly in the dose of 5 ml; it lasted for 25 days and was followed by 3 booster injections on the 10th, 20th and 30th day. Titres of virus neutralizing antibody were tested in dynamics in 39 people immunized with gammaglobulin and tissue culture vaccine. Antirabies gammaglobulin induced some inhibitory effect, but 2-3 booster injections of the tissue culture rabies vaccine completely compensated this effect. During the observation period of 10 months to 5 years all the exposed people remained healthy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Therapeutic and preventive vaccination of persons bitten by wolves in the Aktiubinsk region].

A total of 46 cases of wolves attacking people were registered in the Aktyubinsk region during the period of 1972--1976. These attacks resulted in 1 person dying of wounds and 2 persons being infected with rabies. In more than a half of the wolves available for examination after the attack rabies was confirmed by laboratory investigation. All the victims of such attacks received antirabies gamma globulin (0.25--0.5 ml per kg body weight) and the maximum doses of rabies vaccine (daily injections of 5 ml for 25 days, then 2 more injections in the same dose 10 and 20 days later). No complications were observed after the injections. The vaccination schedule recommended for use in the USSR for the prophylaxis of rabies proved to be effective.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Oral papillomatosis in coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) of Alberta.

Twelve cases of oral papillomatosis were detected in wild carnivores of Alberta, ten in coyotes (Canis latrans) and two in wolves (Canis lupus). Lesions ranged from mild with a few small papillomas to severe with much of the surface of the lips, tongue and buccal cavity covered with papillomas. Three of five coyotes with severe papillomatosis were in obvious poor health. The gross and histologic lesions are described and the significance of this disease in wild carnivores is discussed.

Alberta↗

PubMed1979

Ehrlichiosis in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses.

Canine ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses at a small zoo in northcentral Florida. Five of 9 adult canids and all 8 pups confined to a common kennel died as a result of the infection. The epizootic was associated with a massive Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation. Hematologic and pathologic findings in an adult wolf-dog cross that died were characteristic of canine ehrlichiosis. That animal and four other canids were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis. No deaths occurred following the oral treatment of remaining canids with tetracycline hydrochloride and the treatment of canids and premises with acaricides.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Evaluation of xylazine for chemical restraint of captive arctic wolves.

Xylazine at dosages of 2.7 to 3.9 mg/kg of body weight was administered to 23 captive arctic wolves. The optimal dosage was higher for excited and socialized adults and lower for juveniles than for unexcited unsocialized adults. Mean time to initial effect was 2.5 minutes and mean time to sternal recumbency was 3.7 minutes. Maximal effect was achieved within 15 minutes, with adequate sedation lasting 30 to 60 minutes. Mean recovery time was longer for old (greater than 7-year-old) adults than for young (2- to 3-year-old) ones (2.4 vs 1.7 hours). Induction of and recovery from barbiturate anesthesia was smooth and quiet. Although a few adverse reactions were found, the use of xylazine with physical restraint was an excellent combination for many clinical procedures.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Treatment with inactivated cultured antirabies vaccine and antirabies gamma-globulin of persons biten by rabid wolves or those suspected of being rabid].

The authors present the results of using inactivated cultural rabies vaccine from the Vnukovo-32 strain in combination with rabies gamma-globulin for the treatment of 39 persons; of this number 28 were bitten by rabid wolves (the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory methods), 25 had wounds of dangerous localization, and 3 were children from 7 to 15 years of age. In examining the sera of all the 39 bitten persons it was found that the scheme of combined vaccinations with inactivated cultural ribies vaccine and rabies gamma-globulin, officially acting in the USSR, in case of bites of dangerous localization led to formation of early continuous and lengthy passive and active immunity of adequate intensity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976