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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes associated with body weight and wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep.

BACKGROUND: The Ordos fine-wool sheep is a high-quality fine-wool breed in China, renowned for its excellent wool quality, meat production, and adaptability to the arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. Body weight and wool traits are important economic characteristics in sheep breeding. This study aimed to identify genetic loci associated with body weight (BW), wool length (WL), and wool fineness (WF) in Ordos fine-wool sheep. METHODS: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 388 Ordos fine-wool sheep genotyped using the GenoBaits® Ovine 40K SNP panel. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BW, WL, and WF were identified, and candidate genes located near the SNPs reaching the suggestive threshold were subjected to functional annotation and enrichment analysis. RESULTS: A total of 22 SNPs were identified as potentially associated with BW, WL, and WF traits, corresponding to 27 annotated genes. Functional annotation highlighted six potential candidate genes, including LAMA2, ARHGAP18, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, CA10, and AXIN1, which may play important roles in regulating body weight and wool growth in sheep. CONCLUSIONS: The identified genes provide valuable candidate loci for BW, WL, and WF traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep. The results of this study provide preliminary references for further exploration of the genetic mechanisms of wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep and the development of molecular breeding markers.

GWAS↗
PubMed2026

Large-scale low-coverage whole-genome sequencing reveals the genetic architecture of wool and growth traits in fine-wool sheep.

Breeding sheep with superior growth performance and wool quality is essential for the sustainability of the fine-wool sheep industry. In this study, we perform low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS) on 3842 individuals from 5 sheep breeds (4 fine-wool and 1 semi-fine wool) and generate a large genomic dataset. By comparing these breeds with coarse-wool sheep, we characterize the genomic landscape and selection signatures of fine-wool sheep. We identify several known functional genes associated with hair follicle development and skin morphology, including EGFR, KRT74, EDAR, EREG, and GLI2. Furthermore, GWAS of 19 traits identifies 156 candidate genes significantly associated with growth and wool characteristics, including LCORL for body size, EGFR for clean wool yield, and PRDM1 for fiber diameter. Notably, EGFR is detected in both GWAS and selection signature analyses, indicating its important role in phenotype formation and historical selection. Overall, our findings reveal the genetic basis of growth and wool traits in fine-wool and semi-fine wool sheep, highlight EGFR, LCORL, and PRDM1 as candidate genes, and provide valuable genomic resources and candidate markers for future functional validation and molecular breeding.

Body size↗
PubMed1990

Wool-colonizing micro-organisms capable of utilizing wool-lipids and fatty acids as sole sources of carbon and energy.

Two keratinolytic fungi, Chrysosporium keratinophilum and Malbranchea anamorph of Uncinocarpus reesii, and another three wool-colonizing fungi not previously reported to be keratinolytic, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. Flavus and Scopulariopsis candida, were isolated from soil samples baited with animal wool. These fungi were tested for their ability to utilize wool-lipids as sole source of carbon and energy. The lipid contents of wool of various animals ranged between 2 and 5%. The different lipid extracts were similar in composition; they contained steryl esters, sterols, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and monoacylglycerols. The predominant acyl moiety in wool-lipids of different animals was linolenic acid (18:2). The five fungi tested grew well on an inorganic medium supplemented with total wool-lipids as sole sources of carbon and energy. Individual lipid classes fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography and suspended into inorganic medium were able to support fungal growth as sole carbon sources. These fungi and another eight wool-colonizing strains, C. tropicum, C. zonatrum, C. anamorph of Arthroderma curryei, Microsporum canis, M. distortum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Emmonsia parva and Myceliophthora vellerae could also utilize standard lipids and fatty acids (cholesterol and palmitic and linoleic acids). Evidence fo the uptake and degradation of cholesterol by C. keratinophilum is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of skirting on yield, fineness, and value of wool from fine-wool range ewes.

Eighty-one mixed-age (2 to 8 yr old) Rambouillet ewes (58.5 kg, SD 5.9 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups that contained similar numbers to study the effects of wool skirting on clean yield, fiber diameter, and prices received for fine wool. The sheep were managed as a single flock on an experimental ranch close to Barnhart, TX during the 4-yr study. Two fleece-skirting techniques (SK1 and SK2) were compared with a control procedure in which fleeces were not skirted before packaging (original bag, OB method). Skirted wools were higher yielding (P < .05) and contained less vegetable matter (P < .05) than skirts. However, clean yield and vegetable matter content of skirted and OB wools were not different (P > .05). Weight-averaged prices received for grease wool from the SK1, SK2, and OB treatments over the 4-yr period were 4.49, 4.36, and 3.83 $/kg, respectively. Prices received for both types of skirted wool plus skirts were higher (P < .05) than prices received for OB wool.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1985

Effects of zinc deficiency on the wool growth, skin and wool follicles of pre-ruminant lambs.

Two groups of 1-month-old pre-ruminant lambs of similar mean liveweights were fed identical liquid milk-replacer diets except that the zinc contents were either 5 micrograms (deficient diet) or 32 micrograms per gram of dry matter (control diet). These diets were fed for 4 weeks, after which all the lambs received the control diet for 2 weeks. In the lambs fed the deficient diet plasma zinc concentration decreased markedly during the first 2 weeks and skin lesions developed around their mouths. Autophagic vacuoles also developed in most follicle bulbs along with a variety of defects in the wool fibres and progressive inhibition of wool growth. Food intake and liveweight increase were not significantly depressed until the third and fourth weeks of feeding the deficient diet. During this period the wool was shed from the zinc-deficient lambs as a result of the fibres being degraded and distorted within thickened outer root sheaths in the distal (upper) parts of the follicles. In addition, the epidermis of the wool-bearing skin became slightly acanthotic and hyperkeratotic, although not parakeratotic. When the deficient lambs were fed the control diet for 2 weeks, their food intake, liveweight gain and plasma zinc concentration increased to almost those of the control lambs, but their rate of wool growth was still low and the epidermis had not returned to normal. Compared with previous studies the findings of this study suggest that pre-ruminant lambs may be more susceptible to the effects of zinc deficiency than ruminant lambs.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Effects of pinealectomy on wool growth and wool follicle density in merino sheep.

There is evidence to indicate that pinealectomy may enhance wool growth in the sheep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pinealectomy on wool growth and wool follicle density in Merino sheep. Castrated Merino rams (4 months old) were either pinealectomized (P), sham-pinealectomized (S) or not treated (C). Wool growth on mid-side patches was measured every 4 weeks and follicle density was monitored in skin biopsies collected before treatment and at regular intervals for 60 weeks. Venous blood samples were taken on each of these occasions for prolactin analysis. Melatonin concentrations were determined in venous blood collected pre- and posttreatment from samples taken over a 24-hr period during the winter solstice. Pre- and posttreatment plasma melatonin levels (mean +/- SEM) 65 +/- 17 and < 13 pg/ml for P, 86 +/- 21 and 69 +/- 20 pg/ml for S, and 94 +/- 41 and 122 +/- 37 pg/ml for C, respectively, indicated that the pineal glands had been successfully removed. Wool growth, total follicle density and liveweight (mean +/- SEM) did not differ between treatment groups. Measurements at week 60 were 3.9 +/- 0.3, 4.1 +/- 0.2, and 3.8 +/- 0.3 gm clean wool/100 cm2; 66 +/- 6, 69 +/- 7, and 64 +/- 3 follicles/mm2; and 50.4 +/- 1.3, 50.8 +/- 1.4, and 52.6 +/- 1.1 kg liveweight for groups P, S, and C, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Metabolism of cystine by Merino sheep genetically different in wool production IV. Rates of entry of cystine into plasma, measured with a single intravenous injection of L-[35S]cystine, and the subsequent incorporation of 35S into wool fibres.

Ten, 2-year-old Merino ewes from a flock selectively bred for high clean fleece weight (Fleece Plus) and ten from a flock bred for low clean fleece weight (Fleece Minus) were randomly divided between two dietary treatments: 600 or 1100 g/day of pelleted lucerne hay. After 14 weeks, each ewe received an intravenous injection of L-[35S]cystine (66-4 muCi). Venous blood samples were collected at 15 specified times until 8 h after the injections, and wool fibres were plucked until 65-75 days after the injections. Protein-free filtrates prepared from blood plasma were bulked within sample times for ewes from the same flock and dietary treatment. Equations relating the specific radioactivity of free cystine isolated from the bulked filtrates to time after injection contained three exponential terms. The entry rate and pool size of cystine estimated from these equations were greater in Fleece Minus than in Fleece Plus ewes (by 25 and 44% respectively for entry rate and pool size). Both traits were also higher in ewes offered 1100 g lucerne/day than in those offered 600 g/day (58-7 v. 33-9 mg/h for entry rate and 19-2 v 11-8 mg for pool size). The concentration of free cystine in plasma was greater in ewes offered 1100 g lucerne/day (3-0 v 2-1 mg/1; P less than 0-05), and greater in Fleece Minus ewes (3-0 v. 2-1 mg/l; P less than 0-05). The percentage of the injected radioactivity recovered in the wool clipped to day 70 post-injection differed between genotypes and between dietary treatments (P less than 0.05), being greater in Fleece Plus than in Fleece Minus ewes, and greater in those offered 1100 g lucerne/day than in those offered 600 g/day. The relationships between 35S incorporated per 1000 fibres (R) and time after injection (t) were best fitted by equations of the form (formula: see text). For all sheep, n = 3. The coefficient of the second term was significantly greater (P less than 0-05) in ewes offered 1100 g lucerne/day, whilst the constant of this term was significantly greater in Fleece Minus ewes. The specific radioactivities of cystine incorporated into wool fibres (SRf) during various intervals of time after injection were derived from these equations and from the measured rates of output of cystine in wool. The equations computed to relate SRf to time after injection (t) were of the form (formula: see text). Again there were three components. The coefficient of the third component was significantly greater (P less than 0-05) in ewes offered 1100 g lucerne/day, whilst the constant of the second term was significantly greater in Fleece Minus ewes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Variability and inheritance of behavior in fine-wool sheep. II. Character of inheritance of domesticated behavior and correlation of behavior with productivity traits in fine-wool sheep].

The results of an experimental study of the inheritance of individual behaviour in various types of crosses are presented; the phenotypic and genetic correlations between the behavior and producutivity characters in sheep and the possibility of applying behaviour characteristics to the selection process of fine-wool sheep are analysed. It is shown that the progeny from crosses between parents with the same type of behaviour inherits mainly the type of behaviour of their parents and that, in general, the inheritance has a polygenic character. A genetic relation between the type of domestic behaviour and the productive characters of fine-wool sheep is established. The genetic correlation coefficient between the behaviour and the wool productivity is 0,57, and that between the behaviour and the live weight is 0,53. It is concluded that the inheritance component contributes to the formation of the type of domestic behaviour of fine-wool sheep. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between the type of behaviour and the main productivity characters are discussed. The posibility of using behaviour characteristics as a character under selection is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of intradermally injected and topically applied mouse epidermal growth factor on wool growth, skin and wool follicles of merino sheep.

Twice daily intradermal (ID) injections of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) in sterile saline for 1-4 days into delineated areas of skin of Merino sheep produced dose-dependent changes in wool follicles and fibres, ranging from slight reduction in follicle bulb size and transient disturbance of cuticle formation on some fibres to the induction of catagen of follicles and shedding of fibres with distorted, tapered ends. Regeneration of follicles commenced by day 7. By contrast, ID injections of saline did not affect follicle activity. The epidermis became thicker and more parakeratotic after multiple injections of mEGF than after injection of saline, but was almost normal again by day 14. Persistent small increases in sebaceous gland size, additional to those induced by ID injections of saline, and delayed small increases in sweat gland size also occurred after multiple injections of mEGF. Daily topical applications of mEGF in 50% (v/v) aqueous propylene glycol 5 days each week for 4 weeks did not affect wool growth or the follicles and other skin components. The only effect observed, due to application of the aqueous propylene glycol, was an increase in the number of layers of cornified cells in the stratum corneum of the epidermis, with the cells arranged in clearly discernible stacks. The effects produced by ID injections of mEGF indicate that mEGF acts directly on the pilosebaceous and epidermal components of skin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

The administration of flumethasone, by three different routes, its measurement in the plasma and some effects on wool growth in Merino wethers.

Flumethasone was given to Merino wethers weighing 30-50 kg at rates of 0.62-1.35 mg/kg(0.75) by intravenous (experiments 1 and 2), intraruminal (experiment 4) and subcutaneous (experiment 5) routes over 8 days. In experiment 3, 1.2 mg flumethasone/kg(0.75) was given intravenously over 4, 5 or 6 days. The plasma concentration profiles showed concentrations in the order: intravenous greater than subcutaneous greater than intraruminal. Plasma concentration patterns usually were highest during the first 48 h of infusion followed by relatively stable values. This last feature was not evident in experiments when the rate of hormone infusion was increased. Estimates of the metabolic clearance rates for flumethasone in experiments 1, 2 and 5 were 200-700 ml/min during the equilibrium concentration periods. The effects of flumethasone on some aspects of wool growth revealed interactions between the routes of administration, the period of dosage and the rate of wool growth in the recipients. In experiments 1 and 2 intravenous infusion of 1.20-1.33 mg flumethasone/kg(0.75) caused the shedding of all wool fibres about 30 days after treatment. Some effects of dosing sheep with flumethasone at a time when wool growth was decreasing were also observed in experiment 2. Flumethasone given at a rate of 1.2 mg/kg(0.75) over 4, 5 or 6 days caused the shedding of only some wool fibres which were firmly retained on the sheep by the continuous fibres. Intraruminal and subcutaneous infusions of 0.62-1.35 mg flumethasone/kg(0.75) had similar results to the last in the majority of animals although in a few cases no discontinuity of wool fibres was observed. Recovery in wool growth was observed after treatment. Animals regained their pretreatment wool growth in experiments 1, 4 and 5 by 60 days after treatment and probably equalled at that time wool growth in controls. Recovery was retarded in some individuals in experiment 2 and in some groups in experiment 3. In experiment 1, 21 days wool growth was estimated to have been lost. Some aspects of complete versus partial shedding of wool fibres are discussed particularly with reference to wool harvesting. Some similarities in the appearance of fleeces of steroid-treated sheep and naturally shedding animals are also discussed. In some experiments, particularly when the infusion rate of flumethasone was increased (experiment 3), the sheep showed temporary but significant feed refusals during, but more commonly after, treatment. Speculative discussion as to the metabolic causes of this response is included.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Carcinogenicity of the insulation wools: reassessment of the IARC evaluation.

In assessing the health evidence concerning man-made mineral fibers, the chemical composition, surface activity, durability, and size of fibers have to be taken into account. Special-purpose fine glass fibers need to be separated from the insulation wools (glass, rock, and slag wool). The epidemiological evidence is sufficient to conclude that there has been no mesothelioma risk to workers producing or using glass wool, rock wool, or slag wool. The epidemiological studies have been large and powerful, and they show no evidence of a cause-effect relationship between lung cancer and exposure to glass wool, rock wool, or slag wool fibers. There is some evidence of a small cancer hazard attached to the manufacturing process in slag wool plants 20 to 50 years ago, when asbestos was used in some products and other carcinogenic substances were present. However, this hazard is not associated with any index of exposure to slag wool itself. Animal inhalation studies of ordinary insulation wools also show that there is no evidence of hazard associated with exposure to these relatively coarse, soluble fibers. The evidence of carcinogenicity is limited to experiments with special-purpose fine durable glass fibers or experimental fibers, and only when these fibers are injected directly into the pleural or peritoneal cavity. Multiple chronic inhalation studies of these same special-purpose fine glass fibers have not produced evidence of carcinogenicity. It is suggested that the present IARC evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of insulation wools should be revised to Category 3: not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of phenylalanine and analogues of methionine and phenylalanine on the composition of wool and mouse hair.

Administration of the methionine analogue methoxinine (O-methyl-DL-homoserine) to sheep substantially changed the composition of wool; in addition wool fibres were weakened and the staple crimp frequency was reduced for a prolonged period. The proportions of high-tyrosine proteins were reduced by 40-45% whereas the high-sulfur proteins were usually slightly increased. The content of high-tyrosine proteins in wool was still depressed in most sheep 70 days after dosing with methoxinine. These experiments supported a previous finding that the cystine content of wool and its crimp frequency are not causally related. Ethionine, another methionine analogue, did not consistently change the composition of wool. In some sheep there was no change in the proportions of high-tyrosine proteins following administration of ethionine, even though weak wool was produced. This result, together with the lack of association between the content of high-tyrosine proteins and the strength of wool fibres in a sheep given methoxinine plus methionine, indicates that a reduction of the high-tyrosine proteins is not a prerequisite for the production of weak wool. Neither a threefold increase in the phenylalanine intake by mice nor the administration of three analogues of phenylalanine (4-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine, 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine and beta-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine) to sheep altered the composition of hair or wool. Fluorophenylalanine was incorporated into all the constituent proteins of wool to the extent of c. 2% of phenylalanine residues. The other analogues studied could not be detected in wool.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Injurious effects of wool and grain dusts on alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro.

Epidemiological studies of workers in wool textile mills have shown a direct relation between the concentration of wool dust in the air and respiratory symptoms. Injurious effects of wool dust on the bronchial epithelium could be important in causing inflammation and irritation. A pulmonary epithelial cell line in vitro was therefore used to study the toxic effects of wool dust. Cells of the A549 epithelial cell line were labelled with 51Cr and treated with whole wool dusts and extracts of wool, after which injury was assessed. Also, the effects of grain dust, which also causes a form of airway obstruction, were studied. The epithelial injury was assessed by measuring 51Cr release from cells as an indication of lysis, and by monitoring cells which had detached from the substratum. No significant injury to A549 cells was caused by culture with any of the dusts collected from the air but surface "ledge" dust caused significant lysis at some doses. Quartz, used as a toxic control dust, caused significant lysis at the highest concentration of 100 micrograms/well. To determine whether any injurious material was soluble the dusts were incubated in saline and extracts collected. No extracts caused significant injury to epithelial cells. A similar lack of toxicity was found when 51Cr labelled control alveolar macrophages were targets for injury. Significant release of radiolabel was evident when macrophages were exposed to quartz at concentrations of 10 and 20 micrograms/well, there being no significant injury with either wool or grain dusts. These data suggest that neither wool nor grain dust produce direct injury to epithelial cells, and further studies are necessary to explain inflammation leading to respiratory symptoms in wool and grain workers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The characteristics of respiratory ill health of wool textile workers.

The relations of lung function and chest radiographic appearances with exposure to inspirable dust were examined in 634 workers in five wool textile mills in west Yorkshire, randomly selected to represent fully the range of current exposures to wool mill dust. Most of these workers could be categorised into three large sex and ethnic groups; European men, Asian men, and Asian women. Exposures to inspirable dust had been measured at a previous survey and time spent in current job, and in the industry were used as surrogates for lifetime cumulative exposures. Chest radiographs were interpreted on the International Labour Office (ILO) scale by three medically qualified readers, and the results combined. Profusions of small opacities of 0/1 on the ILO scale, or greater, were present in only 6% of the population, and were not positively associated with current exposure to wool mill dust, or duration of exposure. In general, statistically significant relations between exposure and lung function indices were not found, with the exception of an inverse relation between the forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio and dust concentration in European women. A suggestive but not statistically significant inverse relation between FVC and current dust concentration was seen in Asian men. Substantial differences were found between mills in mean values of lung function variables after adjustment for other factors but these were not apparently related to the differences in dust concentrations between these mills. Dyeworkers and wool scourers (mostly European men in relatively dust free jobs) on average experienced an FEV1 251 ml lower than other workers when age, height, smoking habits, and occupational factors had been taken into account. Twenty four per cent of the workforce responded to intracutaneous application of one or more common allergens (weal diameter at least 4 mm), only 12 (7.9%) of these responding to wool extracts. Atopic subjects did not appear to have an increased susceptibility to the effects of inspirable wool dust on lung function. These studies suggest that exposure to wool mill dust may cause functional impairment in some workers but there is little indication from these data of frequent or severe dust related functional deficits. More detailed estimates of cumulative dust exposure by reconstruction of exposure histories might clarify associations between exposure to dust and lung function. These chest radiographic findings provide no evidence that exposure to wool mill dust is related to lung fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cotton wool filtration of platelet concentrates obtained by automated and manual apheresis.

The effect of cotton wool filtration of apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) on platelet viability and complement activation was evaluated by two laboratories. PCs were prepared by automated (Lab A, n = 5) or manual (Lab B, n = 5) apheresis. After storage for 1 day, the PC was filtered through cotton wool before transfusion on one occasion and, on the other occasion, filtered through a standard screen filter before transfusion to the same donor. Five paired studies were performed by each laboratory. Except for a small, but significant reduction in mean platelet size, from 7.3 +/- 1.1 to 6.6 +/- 0.9 microns 3, after cotton wool filtration, no effect of filtration on various tests of in vitro platelet function and morphologic integrity was found. As demonstrated by autologous radiolabeled studies, no effect of cotton wool filtration on platelet viability was found by Laboratory B, while Laboratory A found a slight increase in the percentage of recovery from 59 +/- 4 to 68 +/- 13 percent, and a small reduction in survival, from 8.2 +/- 0.9 to 7.7 +/- 0.5 days after cotton wool filtration (p less than 0.05). Cotton wool filtration was associated with a slight increase in C3a levels found in manual apheresis PCs. Neither laboratory found any effect of cotton wool filtration per se on the recipients' white cell (WBC) counts or C3a and C5a levels after transfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of mimosine, a potential chemical defleecing agent, on wool growth and the skin of sheep.

Twenty-two Merino sheep were dosed with various amounts of L-mimosine, given either as an intravenous or an intraperitoneal injection, or as a continuous intravenous infusion for periods of 1-4 days. Single injections of mimosine (1-16 g) had no effect on the strength of wool, and wool growth rates were not appreciably altered by injections of small amounts (4 g or less). Injections of larger amounts slightly reduced both length growth rate and diameter of tibres during the 4 days after dosing. The effects of intravenous infusions of mimosine depended on the rate and the duration of administration. Small amounts (0.5 or 1 g/day given for 4 days) has no effects on the strength of wool or on wool growth rates. Infusions of a total of 8 g, either at the rate of 2 or 8 g/day, weakened the wool but not sufficiently to allow the sheep to be defleeced. Both these treatments caused a temporary reduction in length growth rate and in diameter of fibres, and transient degenerative changes were observed in wool follicles. A region of the fibres representing 1-2 days' growth was constricted to about half the pre-infusion diameter when 8 g was given for 1 day. Infusions of at least 8 g mimosine over a period of 1 1/2-2 days were effective for defleecing all sheep dosed. This corresponded to a daily rate of infusion of about 80 mg/kg. No toxic effects were observed with infusions given for periods of 2 days. Defleecing was judged to be possible by 6-7 days after the start of infusion, and was readily carried out by about 14 days. Defleecing was associated with follicle retrogression and an abrupt cessation of wool growth within 2 days of the start of the infusions. It was estimated that fibre growth stopped for about 10 dyas; regrowth was first observed 17-18 days from the beginning of dosing. Low rates of infusion of mimosine (up to 2 g/day) resulted in plasma levels below 0.1 mmol/l. Infusion at the rate of 4 g/day or above, which produced defleecing, quickly resulted in levels of mimosine in plasma above 0.1 mmol/l; after 2 days the concentration was steady at aboug 0.2 mmol/l. Injections of 8 or 16 g mimosine resulted in very large, but transient, rises of the level in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cotton-wool spots in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome compared with diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion.

The cotton-wool spot is a common fundus finding in patients with many ocular and systemic diseases. We investigated the characteristics of cotton-wool spots in patients with four major diseases, ie, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion, to see if any differences were detected in their number, size, or location. A composite of all the cotton-wool spots for each of these four categories was obtained by computed reconstruction to analyze variations in their distribution and size. The cotton-wool spots had a predilection for the temporal quadrants in the four categories and were smaller in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than the other groups. Patients with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion had more cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other definite differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other definite differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots seem to be a common pathway following various insults to the retina, most probably of a vaso-occlusive origin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗