Orthodontic and cleft palate repair in Yugoslavia. The Fifth Congress of the Orthodontic Society of Yugoslavia.
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Child↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “YUGOSLAVIA”
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Preliminary report on a joint U.S.-Yugoslavia five-year comprehensive health education research project carried out in Yugoslavia.
A five-year effort has been planned to test the efficacy of health education integrated in primary care services for a rural area. Impacts on health care provider and study population behavior have been hypothesized. The evaluation design includes one study and one control health care district with pre- and post-program surveys conducted in each area. The study will be completed in 1978. Baseline and longitudinal results are reported. Specific change objectives have been achieved in early cancer detection and in maternal and child health.
Adolescent↗
Reports from WHO Collaborative Reference Centers for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs in Norway and Yugoslavia: current research in Yugoslavia.
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Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Pharmacognostic study of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Yugoslavia. Areas of spread in Yugoslavia. 1].
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Geography↗
The association of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and other enteric pathogens with childhood diarrhoea in Yugoslavia.
The presence of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC and EPEC, respectively) was investigated in stool specimens of 1082 preschool children with diarrhoea and in stools of 335 healthy controls in localities in southern Yugoslavia, as well as in 566 children with diarrhoea and in 231 controls living in northern part of the country, during the seasonal peak (August-November) of enteric diseases in 1986. ETEC were found in 114 (10.5%) children with diarrhoea and in 14 (4.2%) controls (P less than 0.001) in the southern part, and in 26 (4.6%) ill children and one (0.4%) well child (P less than 0.005) in the northern part of Yugoslavia. EPEC were isolated from stools of 85 (7.9%) children with diarrhoea and of 14 (4.2%) well children (P less than 0.05) in localities of southern Yugoslavia, and from 22 (3.9%) ill children and from 10 (4.3%) controls in northern Yugoslavia. Nineteen EPEC strains expressed localized adherence to HEp-2 tissue culture cells; all were isolated from stools of ill children. In southern Yugoslavia, where other enteropathogens were sought, the most commonly found agents in ill children were shigellae (17.5%), rotavirus (11.8%), ETEC, and EPEC. Potential pathogens were detected in 44.5% cases of sporadic diarrhoea and in 15.8% controls. This study revealed that ETEC were associated with acute diarrhoeal disease in Yugoslav preschool children. On the other hand, the diagnosis of EPEC-diarrhoea by routine determination of serogroup established the association of these agents with sporadic diarrhoea only in the 0-2 years age categories in all investigated localities. In the less developed southern part of Yugoslavia bacteria were the predominant causative agents of enteric illness during the seasonal peak of this disease.
Acute Disease↗
The impact of biomedical literature published in the province of Vojvodina on researchers in the world and in Yugoslavia.
This study uses bibliometric analysis to evaluate scientific biomedical literature published on the territory of Vojvodina and its impact on researchers in Yugoslavia and in the world. The study sample comprised 6.979 publications from the territory of Vojvodina published in the period 1986-1997. The following parameters were determined: productivity of authors and institutions where they were employed and some other bibliometric parameters. The impact of these publications on other researches was analyzed for the same period, by citation analysis of papers published in 3 most eminent medical journals in Yugoslavia (3.440 articles, 58.484 references) and in Science Citation Index. Results of the study revealed that production of biomedical literature on the territory of Vojvodina was at high level. Medical research presented in journals of Vojvodina, which are the carriers of current information and accomplishments in science, technique, and practice in biomedicine, was satisfactory. Biomedical articles published in Vojvodina showed a tendency towards increase in number of authors, whereas the greater number of publications were written by a small number of extremely productive authors and institutions. Biomedical researches in Yugoslavia usually cite only foreign literature, while domestic references are mostly self-citations or citations of older literature. The impact of publications published in Vojvodina on other researchers in Yugoslavia is evident, but it is greatest on the territory where they are published. In regard to biomedical journals from Vojvodina "Medical review" is the most cited journal in Yugoslavia and in SCI. Most of the cited references belong to a small number of authors. Thus, according to bibliometric criteria the impact of medical science and professional practice in Vojvodina on international scientific streems is negligible, as well as the impact of papers published in Vojvodina on researchers in the world. Only 0.4 works published in Vojvodina, 0.87% papers from journals published in Vojvodina and written by 0.59% authors were cited in SCI.
Bibliometrics↗
Selenium status in soils in Yugoslavia.
In the last 8 years, a number of data on selenium (Se) content and distribution in the soil of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) became available. The Se content of the soil in Yugoslavia varies in a broad range 39 to 440 microg/kg (mean value 230 microg/kg; n = 284). The soil clay fraction is rich in Se (range 146 to 586 microg/kg) in relation to sand and silt fractions. The available Se content (after extraction with ammonium acetate and EDTA) varies in the range of 1.2 to 28.2% of the total Se content. The speciation of Se is shown for the soils derived from volcanic rocks in Serbia. In addition, the influence of some soil properties on the Se content, as well as its content in the rocks, sediment, and wild plants in Yugoslavia, is discussed. The geographical distribution of Se in the soil of Yugoslavia shows that it is found in inadequate amounts in many agricultural regions. Its low content in soil has been thought to be associated with a higher incidence of some diseases. The Se content of the soil in Yugoslavia is not fully known. There is a great need to make a systematic geochemical mapping for Se and other trace elements in the soil.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Genetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia, reveals the presence of only a single genotype, V, between 1979 and 2002.
Newcastle disease (ND) epizootics in some European countries after the World War II were caused by ND virus (NDV) of multiple genotypes (IV-VIIa) occurring sequentially and/or simultaneously. This study was carried out to characterise the genetic composition of NDV strains during the outbreaks in the territory of the former Yugoslavia in order to enhance our understanding of the relationships of past epizootics in Europe. Sixty-eight NDV strains isolated between 1979 and 2002 were analysed by restriction enzyme digestion and partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene. All isolates were placed in genotype V, an exotic type, that was introduced to western Europe in 1970. Residue substitution analysis has allowed the recognition of four genetic variants, Vb1-Vb4, and the tracing of their movements. Vb1, a dominant variant in Bulgaria from the late 1970s, was also wide spread in the former Yugoslavia throughout the period under investigation. Vb2, a variant occurring in the neighbouring countries in the early 1970s could be the founder of the epidemic in Yugoslavia and it was present up to the late 1980s. Variants Vb3 and Vb4 could be found only after 1987. In conclusion, the ND outbreaks in Yugoslavia were part of the epizootic wave due to genotype V viruses that started in western Europe in 1970 and became endemic in the region. Inter-country transmission occurred for all variants, and Vb3 and Vb4 might have evolved during the endemic period.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Epidemiology of end-stage renal disease and current status of hemodialysis in Yugoslavia.
Maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in Yugoslavia started in the sixties and followed the dialysis trends in the Western Europe. However, in the last decade the development of renal replacement therapy (RRT) slowed down. In this report the epidemiology of ESRD from 1997-1999 and the survey of the status of HD treatment in Yugoslavia in 1999 are presented. Epidemiological data are obtained by the annual center questionnaires (response rate: 92.6 -94.2%). The survey of HD status is based on a specific questionnaire and covered 2108 patients (65%). At the end of 1999 there were 56 RRT centers in Yugoslavia treating 3939 patients: 3232 (82%) patients by HD, 248 (6.3%) by peritoneal dialysis, and 459 (11.7%) living with transplanted kidney. In a three year period, incidence of ESRD ranged from 108-128 pmp, point prevalence from 435-463 pmp and mortality rate from 20.7-17.9. Numerous refugee patients were treated over the last 10 years. Main causes of ESRD were glomerulonephritis (30%); Balkan nephropathy represented 11% and diabetic nephropathy 7% of all primary renal diseases. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the most common causes of death of RRT patients. Most centers are overcrowded and HD machines are worn out. Mean Kt/V was 1.19+/-0.08, mean URR% 58.8+/-7.4. The shortage of drugs prevented adequate management: 83% of HD patients had hemoglobin level less than 100 g/L but only 10.3 -17.8% were treated with rHuEpo; 64.5% of patients had phosphate levels higher than 1.7 mmol/L but only 33.5% used phosphate binders; 47% of patients had hypertension despite the antihypertensive therapy. The prevalence of hepatitis B remained unchanged (about 14%) in HD population during the last three years, but the prevalence of anti-HCV positive patients decreased (31-23%). In conclusion, there is a well developed dialysis service in Yugoslavia but insufficient conditions for adequate treatment.
Balkan Nephropathy↗
[20 years' experience in the treatment of children with terminal renal insufficiency in Yugoslavia].
The first specialized haemodialysis (HD) paediatric centre in former Yugoslavia was established at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade in January 1980. A total of 194 children (F: 98, M: 96), aged less than 19 years (10.12 +/- 4.23), were treated for renal replacement therapy (RRT) over 20 years. Average annual incidence rate was 1.59 per million of child population (pmcp) aged less than 19 years for the period 1980-1990 (former Yugoslavia) and 2.85 pmcp aged less than 19 years for the period 1990-2000 (present Yugoslavia). Reflux nephropathy was the most frequent underlying disease and accounted for 37.06% of total cases, while other primary renal diseases were: glomerulonephritis (GN) 17.26%, cystic/hereditary familial nephropathy 12.69%, congenital disease 11.68%, interstitial nephritis 5.58%, non-recovered tubular necrosis 3.55%, secondary GN 1.52% and 10.66% remained with doubtful diagnosis. HD was the first RRT in 84.02%, peritoneal dialysis (PD) in 14.43% and pre-emptive transplantation in 1.55% of all patients. A total of 53 patients (27.3% of total terminal renal failure (TRF) patients) received 56 kidney transplants (58.93% live related, 37.50% cadaveric, 3.57% live-non related). Actual survival in RRT was 64.53% 5 in years; 51.68% in 10 and 48.23% in 15 years. Patient survival in HD was significantly better over the last ten-year period than in the first ten-year period (35.88% vs. 75.75%; p < 0.005) as well as the survival of transplanted patients in the same two periods (67.62% vs. 95.45%). Graft survival was 79.85% in 5 and 70.50% in 10 years. Cardiovascular complications were the most common cause of death of patients on RRT (56.10 posto) followed by infection (24.39). On December 31, 1999, 54 patients on RRT were alive less than 19 years: 75.92% in HD; 22.22% with functioning graft and 1.85% on automatic PD. This is the first national-wide long-term study of incidence and aetiology of paediatric TRF and outcome of paediatric RRT in Yugoslavia.
Adolescent↗
Programme base for the prevention of drug abuse in Yugoslavia.
The article summarizes policies and strategies of a drug abuse control programme adopted by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the Federal Executive Council (federal Government) of Yugoslavia. Because it is on the main road between the Middle East and western Europe, Yugoslavia is increasingly being used by drug traffickers for the transit of heroin, cannabis and other drugs from their sources of production to illicit international markets. A small amount of heroin and other drugs spills over into the illicit channels in Yugoslavia, creating domestic demand for such drugs. According to annual reports, approximately 2,000 drug addicts have been registered in medical treatment facilities in urban areas, but it is estimated that some 10,000 people abuse narcotic drugs. The programme identifies action to be taken by different sectors of society concerned with drug problems. Emphasis is placed on preventing drug abuse, primarily by involving health and social services, parents and other members of the family, the school, the community, the work place and various social and non-governmental organizations. The programme also emphasizes the need for healthy activities for youth, personality development during adolescence and the elimination of factors that are conducive to drug abuse. The Customs and the police are making efforts to intensify their action against illicit drugs in transit in Yugoslavia and, to this end, plan to improve co-operation within the country and with their counterparts abroad and to improve their technical capability to combat drug trafficking.
Adolescent↗
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yugoslavia: epidemiologic and epizootiologic features of a nationwide outbreak in 1989.
A nationwide epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurred in Yugoslavia in 1989. Sera from 609 hospitalized patients, from all six Republics (Bosnia and Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro Serbia, Slovenia) and two Provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina), who had signs and symptoms suggestive of HFRS, and sera and lung tissues from 544 small mammals belonging to 13 species were studied for evidence of hantavirus infection. Of the 226 patients with serologically confirmed HFRS, 182 resided in Bosnia and Hercegovina or in Serbia. The severity of disease differed from region to region, with an overall fatality of 6.6% (15/226). Patients from southern Yugoslavia tended to have more severe disease and exhibited two types of antibody patterns, while approximately equal numbers of clinically severe and mild cases of HFRS were registered in central Yugoslavia, where four types of antibody patterns were found. Two of these antibody patterns suggested the existence of hantaviruses which are antigenically distinct from those reported to date. Two seasonal peaks of disease, one during the summer and the other in late autumn, were found. Hantaviral antibodies and/or antigens were detected most often in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) (88/189), the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) (28/146), the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) (10/64), the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) (36/63), the house mouse (Mus musculus) (14/29), and the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (14/21). Five other species of rodents and insectivores were infrequently infected.
Animals↗
Neuroscience in Yugoslavia.
This survey is a personal account of the present status of neuroscience in Yugoslavia within the context of recent upheavals in Eastern Europe. The current situation in Yugoslavia, characterized by the absence of a Federal Ministry of Science and a poor scientific communication between federal states (republics), does not allow a comprehensive overview of neuroscience at the federal level. Even more difficult is to envisage the prospects of Yugoslav neuroscience in the light of European integration. Several problems serve to illustrate the present situation concerning Yugoslav neuroscience. First, the weakness of the self-organization of science in Yugoslavia during the past 20 years is still the most important denominator in the current trend of neuroscience. Second, different Yugoslav republics have significantly different systems of science funding and evaluation, which reflect very plainly different levels of democratic (and socioeconomic) changes that were attained during 1990. Third, due to the different numbers of trained scientists, facilities and equipment, funds and levels of international scientific cooperation there are major differences between republics in the tempo of progress towards real achievements in science. Finally, the present explosive development of neuroscience and the proclamation of the 'Decade of the Brain' will hopefully stimulate Yugoslav neuroscientists to seek better programmes of neuroscience research and to improve the extent and quality of international cooperation.
Animals↗
Identification of Tula hantavirus in Pitymys subterraneus captured in the Cacak region of Serbia-Yugoslavia.
BACKGROUND: Atypical serum neutralizing antibody responses to prototype strains of Puumala viruses in some patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have long suggested the existence of other hantaviruses in the Balkans. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of arvicolid rodent-borne Puumala-like hantaviruses in Yugoslavia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction, Tula virus RNA was amplified from lung tissues of a European pine vole (Pitymys subterraneus) captured in 1987, following an outbreak of HFRS in the Cacak region of Serbia-Yugoslavia. RESULTS: Sequence analysis of the entire coding region of the S segment and a 948-nucleotide region of the G2 glycoprotein-encoding M segment revealed divergence of approximately 14% from Tula virus strains harbored by European common voles (Microtus arvalis) captured in Central Russia and the Czech Republic. However, nearly complete identity was found in the corresponding deduced amino acid sequences. Moreover, phylogenetic trees constructed by the maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods indicated that this Pitymys-borne hantavirus shared a common ancestry with other Tula virus strains. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that Pitymys subterraneus also serves as a rodent reservoir of Tula virus in Serbia-Yugoslavia. To what extent this represents virus spillover from Microtus arvalis warrants further investigation.
Animals↗
Exploration of factors linked with high cervical cancer rates in women from the former Yugoslavia in Victoria, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the project was to identify the cervical screening rate and other factors that may be associated with high rates of cervical cancer in women from the former Yugoslavia compared to the general population in Victoria, Australia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by structured personal interviews of 42 Bosnian, 56 Croatian, 49 Macedonian, and 35 Serbian women, and 39 women who identified as Yugoslav or of mixed background. Self-report data were collected on Pap testing behaviour, estimated screening rate of each community, stage-based barriers to cervical screening, and women's theories about causes of cervical cancer within their community. RESULTS: Women in this study had an acceptable screening rate, but barriers to cervical screening were similar to those of other groups. While Macedonian women believed more of their community had Pap tests than the other cultural groups, just under half were under-screened themselves. Smoking rates were very high for women in this study. The most common causes of cervical cancer suggested by women in the study were: a low screening rate, lifestyle stress, and chemicals. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that the high cervical cancer rate in women from the former Yugoslavia is a result of under-screening, lifestyle stress, or chemicals. Smoking may well contribute to the cancer rate, however the most likely explanation is that cancers not previously detected in Yugoslavia are now being found, together with cervical abnormalities, within the systematic two yearly screening programme of PapScreen Victoria, in Australia.
Adolescent↗
The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study. II. Factors in the incidence of coronary heart disease.
In a 7-year follow-up of 11,121 Yugoslav men first examined in 1964-1965 when they were 35-62 years old, it was found that the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was one-fourth that of a comparable Framingham (USA) group. Incidence in rural men was only 59% of urban men. In both urban and rural groups, men with higher blood pressures had greater CHD incidence, and cigarette smoking was also associated with greater incidence. In the urban but not the rural groups serum cholesterol and weight/height were also CHD risk factors. Levels of serum cholesterol and weight were lower in urban Yugoslavia than Framingham and lowest in rural Yugoslavia. At the same levels of these characteristics Framingham incidence was 3 times that in Yugoslavia. At the very low rural levels of weight and blood pressure CHD incidence was the same in urban as rural Yugoslav groups.
Adult↗
Occupational health in Yugoslavia.
Occupational health in Yugoslavia was once well organized in accordance with WHO declarations and ILO conventions and recommendations. Since the 1990s, the system has been disrupted by destruction of the former Yugoslavia, wars, refugees, changes in the economy, and NATO bombardment. Economic trends, main industries, and employment and unemployment conditions in Yugoslavia are presented. The organization of occupational health services, their tasks, and prevailing problems are discussed. Occupational diseases and relevant research and educational opportunities are described. The authors conclude by suggesting approaches to improving worker's health in the future.
Employment↗
Health care and workers' self-management in Yugoslavia.
The form of communism developed in Yugoslavia since the early 1950s--called workers' self-management--has been of interest to many westerners concerned with the ideas of participatory democracy and workers' self-management. Yugoslavia's economic growth and general openness toward the West have encouraged many people to visit and to investigate the health care system as well as other aspects of the society. It is generally said that self-management is responsible for the remarkable successes that Yugoslavia has achieved. This paper suggests, on the other hand, that many of the successes achieved in the health care system are attributable largely to the fact that self-management is not allowed to work as freely as it does in other sectors of the economy.
Communism↗