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Results for “Yeast bioactives”

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PubMed2026

Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes of Cecal Digesta Escherichia coli of Pullets Fed Omega-3 Fatty Acids or Yeast Bioactives (Glycobolites).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to poultry production and food safety. In laying hens, commensal Escherichia coli can serve as a reservoir of AMR and virulence genes. Although omega-3 fatty acids (N-3 FAs), yeast bioactives (YB), and spacing allowance (SA) influence gut health and immunity, their combined effects on AMR profiles of gut bacteria remain unclear. A total of 2,832 chicks were raised in enriched cages under high (HSA, 348 cm2/bird) or low (LSA, 284 cm2/bird) SA and fed a control diet (C), C+3% N-3 FA, or C+0.05% YB. At 4, 16, and 35 weeks of age (woa), cecal contents were cultured on ChromoCult agar to isolate E. coli. Susceptibilities of isolates to 14 antibiotics were determined. Of the 428 isolates, 35.7% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and overall, AMR prevalence decreased with age (P < 0.05). At each of 4 and 16 woa, N-3 FA-fed birds showed the lowest prevalance of ampicillin-resistant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of streptomycin resistance was higher in N-3 FA than in YB-fed birds at 16 woa (P = 0.02) but lower than in control-fed birds. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of 237 selected isolates identified 19 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 29 plasmids, with the distribution of 15 (78.9%) ARGs and 19 (65.5%) plasmid replicons affected by either diet, SA, or age (P < 0.05). Several virulence genes were identified in sequenced E. coli isolates, with the prevalence of those encoding fimbriae, pili, protectin, and toxins being higher in younger pullets (P < 0.05). Overall, isolates of phylogroups A and B1 were predominant; however, at 4 woa, phylogroup D isolates were most prevalent, depending on diet and SA (P < 0.05). Isolates of serotype O23:H16, ST2 were the most prevalent. Of the 237 sequenced isolates, 13 were related to human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains. Overall, these findings suggest that N-3 FA YB and SA modulate AMR and virulence genotypes of E. coli in laying hens, highlighting their potential use of these agents in mitigating AMR.

Antimicrobial resistance↗

PubMed2026

Diversification of yeast proteins as an approach for the development of sustainable food systems.

Despite growing trend in sustainable protein sources, yeast proteins have mainly been explored as a source of bioactive peptides using a monospecies and general protein approach. The contribution of highly abundant protein fractions in the yeast proteome to peptide formation remains insufficiently investigated, limiting a comprehensive understanding of yeast proteins as optimized peptide sources. The current review presents a systematic analysis of yeast proteins as emerging protein sources and evaluates the suitability of high-abundance proteins as bioactive peptide precursors by in silico techniques. Moreover, brewery by-product and single-cell yeast protein approaches are compared in terms of composition and techno-functionality whereas peptide formation mechanisms (in situ and ex situ) and regulatory aspects for food applications are also addressed. Cytoplasmic metabolic proteins, particularly glycolytic enzymes (GAPDH), are identified as highly abundant fractions of the yeast proteome. Proteins associated with cell and organelle membranes also contribute substantially based on cellular localization. These findings imply that such proteins may act as key precursors of yeast-derived bioactive peptides. In silico hydrolysis with Alcalase suggests a tendency toward the generation of short-chain peptides (3-11/14 aa), which may support biological activity. Moreover, peptide profiles appear to vary across yeast species, highlighting the role of species diversity in peptide generation. While single-cell yeast protein allows more controlled production than brewery by-products, nucleic acid content in both may limit applications. Overall, yeast proteins appear to be metabolically adaptable and species-diverse sources for various biological peptides.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗

PubMed2026

Metabolic Engineering of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Enables Intestinal 3-Hydroxybutyrate Delivery and Alters Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Mice.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) is a bioactive ketone body involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. Although engineered bacterial probiotics have been developed for localized 3-HB delivery, their susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics may limit their use during concurrent antibiotic treatment. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii offers an alternative host for intestinal 3-HB delivery because of its compatibility with antibacterial antibiotics and the availability of well-established genetic engineering tools. Here, we engineered S. boulardii for 3-HB production using Cas9-mediated genome editing. A heterologous 3-HB biosynthetic pathway was introduced into S. boulardii MYA-797, and endogenous acetyl-CoA and ethanol metabolism was subsequently rewired by overexpressing ACS1, deleting ADH1, and overexpressing ADH7. The optimized strain, SbDY02, produced 1.7 g/L 3-HB under microaerobic conditions. Oral administration of SbDY02 to C57BL/6J mice increased fecal 3-HB and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations by 1.89-fold and 1.68-fold, respectively, compared with mice receiving the parental strain. Repeated administration also increased fecal acetate and circulating total SCFAs, butyrate, and propionate. In human colonic epithelial cells, purified 3-HB attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, supporting its direct activity toward inflammation-associated epithelial signaling. To our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration of a 3-HB-producing probiotic yeast and links central metabolic engineering of S. boulardii with increased 3-HB availability, altered SCFA profiles, and a host-relevant epithelial response.

3-hydroxybutyrate↗

PubMed2025

Indel mutation in transcription factor PabHLH2 regulates amygdalin accumulation and kernel bitterness in apricot.

Amygdalin, the phytochemical responsible for the characteristic bitterness of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels, also exhibits significant bioactive properties and therapeutic potential. Genetic regulation of amygdalin content is therefore a key objective in apricot breeding programs aimed at quality improvement. In this study, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to uncover the genetic basis of sweet-bitter differentiation in apricot kernels. We identified a 15-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism strongly related to kernel bitterness, with marker validation achieving 100% concordance across 601 apricot germplasm accessions. Notably, this polymorphic site is located within the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain of the basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factor PabHLH2. Protein interaction analyses revealed that the 15-bp deletion variant impaired dimerization capacity, reducing transcriptional activation of downstream targets. Using yeast one-hybrid screening and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we identified PaCYP71AN24 and PaCYP79D16 as direct transcriptional targets of PabHLH2. Functional characterization further indicated that the PabHLH2a variant (harboring the 15-bp insertion) significantly enhanced the promoter activity of these cytochrome P450 genes compared with the deletion variant. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments in apricot kernels further confirmed that the 15-bp insertion positively regulates both PaCYP71AN24/PaCYP79D16 expression and prunasin accumulation, the immediate biosynthetic precursor of amygdalin. Overall, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the allelic variation underlying kernel bitterness and delineate the molecular cascade of amygdalin biosynthesis. The identified molecular markers and functional characterization establish a basis for marker-assisted breeding of low-amygdalin apricot cultivars, supporting the dual-purpose utilization of kernels in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Amygdalin↗

PubMed2026

From bioactive compounds to volatile profiles: a multidimensional characterization of Indonesian stingless bee honeys.

BACKGROUND: Stingless bee honeys are drawing increasing attention as ingredients for functional foods and health-oriented products because of their distinctive sensory characteristics and bioactive potential. In this study, honeys collected from nine stingless bee species reared in West Sumatra, Indonesia, were comprehensively characterized using physicochemical indices, antioxidant assays [DPPH (i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power], microbiological screening, volatile profiling [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)] and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) fingerprinting. RESULTS: Marked between-sample variability was observed across key quality attributes, including pH (2.80-3.68), Brix (49.83-61.25), viscosity (23.36-175.22 cP) and color parameters. FTIR spectra were consistent with carbohydrate-rich matrices and exhibited carbonyl-related bands. GC-MS profiling identified linalool oxide isomers and junenol among the predominant volatiles. To the best of our knowledge, junenol has not previously been reported in stingless bee honey and may represent a potential regional chemical marker for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. Lactic acid bacteria were detected in selected samples, whereas yeast and mold were not detected. Antioxidant activities were comparatively low, which may reflect local environmental and ecosystem-related factors. CONCLUSION: The results provide a multi-parameter baseline for stingless bee honeys produced within a shared ecosystem in West Sumatra and demonstrate the value of integrating conventional chemical indices with FTIR and volatile fingerprints for quality assessment. This combined approach may also support future authentication and origin-tracing frameworks for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Animals↗