SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Yield”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

Yield and yield component trait analysis with DArT genotyping for GWAS in soybean grown in drought conditions of Kazakhstan.

Development of drought tolerant cultivars of soybean is the single best way to address the challenge of global climate change and very limited water resources for crop irrigation in Central Asia including Kazakhstan. A set of 188 soybean cultivars with diverse origins was assessed for genome-wide association study (GWAS) for yield and eight yield-related traits in both irrigated (well-watered, WW) and non-irrigated (drought) conditions during 2 years in field trials in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. The 295K Diversity array technology (DArT) analysis was applied, and 16K filtered DArT markers were used for genotyping of 183 soybean accessions. In the results, 41 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) were identified as significantly associated with nine studied traits. To verify these results, bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was carried out in six breeding lines originating from two crosses between high-yielding under drought cvs, Sponsor and Zen, with drought sensitive cv Lastochka. The evaluation of combined results revealed 10 most significant QTN and eight most promising putative candidate genes, which were selected and tested for their gene expression using RT-qPCR under drought compared with WW controls. Among them, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI), pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR) protein, and ABC transporter, associated with seed yield, seed weight per plant, and plant height, were highly upregulated in drought tolerant genotypes. In contrast, two other genes, Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (Rab-GDI) and Transducin with WD40 repeats, associated with seed yield, showed repression in the same genotypes. These verified genes involved in the control of yield and yield-related traits can be used for marker-assisted selection to develop novel genotypes and new soybean cultivars tolerant to strong drought in Kazakhstan and in other countries with similar conditions.

Diversity array technology (DArT)↗

PubMed2026

Combining ability and gene action for grain yield and biofortification traits in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]: implications for breeding high-yielding biofortified hybrids in arid regions.

Hybrid RIB-9184 × RIB-15131 combines high yield (18.84 g plant⁻¹) with iron (46.16 mg kg⁻¹), zinc (38.86 mg kg⁻¹), and protein (11.91%); Fe-Zn correlation (rg = 0.82) permits simultaneous biofortification. Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a climate-resilient cereal with inherently high micronutrient levels, making it a priority crop for biofortification. Understanding gene action for yield and nutritional traits is essential for designing effective breeding strategies. Ten diverse inbred lines were crossed in a half-diallel design (Griffing's Method 2, Model 1), and the 55 entries (45 F1 hybrids + 10 parents) were evaluated across two sowing-date environments in a randomised complete block design with three replications at Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Biofortification traits (Fe, Zn, protein) showed predominantly additive gene action (Baker's ratio 0.71-0.91) with high heritability (0.90-0.94). G×E interaction was significant for Fe and Zn but genotypic variance was substantially larger, maintaining high heritability; protein showed no G×E interaction. Grain yield was governed largely by non-additive effects (Baker's ratio 0.54) with significant G×E interaction, favouring hybrid breeding. Among parents, RIB-9205 had the highest GCA for Fe (6.65, P < 0.001), RIB-9184 for Zn (3.85, P < 0.001) and protein (0.78, P < 0.001), and RIB-9185 was a balanced combiner for yield (1.39, P < 0.001) and micronutrients. The hybrid RIB-9184 × RIB-15131 ranked first across all five weighting schemes of the multi-trait performance index (1.31), combining grain yield of 18.84 g plant⁻1 with Fe of 46.16 mg kg⁻1, Zn of 38.86 mg kg⁻1, and protein of 11.91%. The strong Fe-Zn correlation (rg = 0.82, P < 0.01) permits simultaneous micronutrient improvement. An integrated approach combining hybrid development for yield with population improvement for micronutrient density is recommended for biofortified pearl millet cultivars in arid regions.

Pennisetum↗

PubMed2026

Finlay-Wilkinson random regression for yield and yield stability prediction in cereals.

Year-to-year climate variability poses a challenge for agriculture by increasing crop yield variability; therefore, there is a need to identify genotypes that can withstand these fluctuations. With the right selection criteria, genotypes with yield stability across variable environmental conditions can be selected. Methods such as Finlay-Wilkinson random regression (FWRR) may allow us to use sparse datasets-common in plant breeding pipelines-and incorporate genomic data to leverage phenotypic information from related genotypes to predict yield stability. Our objective was to examine how the number of environments and the variance among those environments affect stability predictions. We also integrate FWRR as a genomic prediction tool for characterizing yield stability, comparing it to the traditional genomic prediction models as a reference. We used three datasets: one highly unbalanced dataset for oats (Avena sativa L.) and two completely balanced datasets with different numbers of environments for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We fit standard Finlay-Wilkinson (FW) and FWRR models to estimate grain yield and stability under various scenarios. We found that the estimated stability values obtained were similar using balanced datasets for FW or FWRR. FWRR also achieved moderate predictive ability for stability using unbalanced datasets under 10-fold cross-validation (CV1) with new genotypes. In terms of environmental representation, selecting the right set of environments for inclusion in the model was more important than adding more environments. Our results suggest the possibility of using FWRR to select stable genotypes earlier in line development, as well as to design resource-efficient stability-testing schemes.

Hordeum↗

PubMed1978

Bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence of purple bacteria at low redox potentials. The relationship between reaction center triplet yield and the emission yield.

This work describes fluorescence yield measurements in suspensions of strains of Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in which the iron . quinone complex (X) was chemically reduced (state [PIX-]; P is the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll dimer, I is the long wavelength bacteriopheophytin), and compares these with the fluorescence observed when all the traps are open (state [PIX]) and with the fluorescence observed when all the traps are closed (state [P+IX]). At 77 K the amplitude and the shape of the fluorescence emission spectrum in [PIX-] are identical to those observed in [PIX]. This is a strong indication that all the extra fluorescence observed at room temperature in [PIX-] is, in fact, caused by an efficient back reaction [P+I-X-] leads to [P*IX-]. Using an equation similar to the original Vredenberg-Duysens relationship (Vredenburg, W.J. and Duysens, L.N.M. (1963) Nature 197, 355-357) but now assuming that a single reaction center has a probability pt of trapping an excitation and (1--pt) of re-emitting it to the surroundings, we are able to calculate pt as a function of the temperature by measuring the fluorescence in [PIX], [PIX-] and [P+IX] as a function of the temperature. The calculated pt values agree reasonably well with triplet yields measured in isolated reaction centers. Finally, we have measured the reaction center triplet yield (PTR) in intact systems and we have shown that the sum of the triplet yield and the remaining loss processes (PL) in the antenna bacteriochlorophyll including the bacteriochlorophyll dimer (such as fluorescence, internal conversion or direct triplet formation) is approximately constant; if we assume that at 77 K the only process which occurs in the reaction center is the formation of a reaction center triplet, than PTR + PL=1. The energy barrier between [P*IX-] and [P+I-X-] was estimated to be 0.11--0.15 eV for a set of preparations.

Bacteriochlorophylls↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The yield of angiography. 1. The yield of pancreatic angiography.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Angiography↗

PubMed2026

Quantitative trait loci associated with improved fruit yield under heat-stress conditions in fresh-market tomato.

Rising temperatures and more frequent heat stress events pose a major challenge to global tomato production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions such as the southern United States. High temperatures during flowering and fruit set lead to poor fruit set and reduced yield. Although several commercial cultivars and breeding lines are described as heat-tolerant, the genetic basis of yield performance under heat stress conditions in fresh-market tomato remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with fruit yield under natural heat stress. A biparental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed by the UF/IFAS tomato breeding program was evaluated under natural field heat stress in the fall seasons of 2016, 2017, and 2018, with fruit yield recorded as the primary trait. Genotyping of RILs was performed with the AgriPlex commercial tomato panel. Multi-environment QTL analysis was conducted to identify loci associated with fruit yield under heat stress. A major locus on chromosome 12 was selected for validation. Backcross populations segregating for this region were evaluated in a randomized block design during the fall of 2020 at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Balm, Florida. Multi-environment QTL analysis identified several loci on chromosome 4, 5, 6, and 12 associated with fruit yield under natural heat stress conditions. Among these, a locus on chromosome 12 showed consistent effects across multiple harvests and environments and explained a relatively larger proportion of phenotypic variance. Validation using backcross populations confirmed that genotype carrying the chromosome 12 QTL produced significantly higher yield under natural heat stress than susceptible genotypes. Overall, this study identified an agronomically important region on chromosome 12 that can be targeted to improve tomato yield under heat stress. The results also highlight multiple genomic regions contributing to higher yield under heat stress. These findings provide a foundation for developing breeding strategies for developing heat-tolerant fresh-market tomato cultivars.

QTL analysis↗

PubMed1978

Cell yield and cell survival following chemotherapy of the B16 melanoma.

We describe in this paper cell survival studies, using in vitro clonogenic assays, performed on the B16 melanoma treated in situ with various cytotoxic agents. In addition we have determined the effects of these agents on the yield of cells obtained by trypsinization. In untreated tumours the mean cell yield was approximately 10(8)/g, which is 20--30% of the cells actually present in the tissue. The plating efficiency was approximately 40%. Most agents rapidly affected both cell yield and cell survival. For example, within 20--30 h, gamma-radiation and several alkylating agents reduced cell yield by about 40%. The cell yield change was associated with an increase in mean cell size. Cell yield was reduced even more (approximately 70%) by Vinca alkaloids. This large reduction was associated with extensive cell lysis, observed as an increase in the necrotic fraction of tumours from approximately 35% to approximately 70%. Adriamycin, bleomycin and Ara-C also produced a moderate reduction in cell yield (approximately 40%), but actinomycin D did not reduce cell yield and FU increased it by about 30%. Only gamma-radiation, cyclophosphamide, CCNU, BCNU and melphalan produced more than a 90% reduction in cell survival, although there was a small but measurable reduction with all other agents except vinblastine, HN2 and actinomycin D.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1978

Molar growth yields and enterotoxin B production of Staphylococcus aureus S-6 with amino acids as energy sources.

Staphylococcus aureus S-6 was able to utilize glutamate, proline, histidine, aspartate, alanine, threonine, serine, or glycine as a major energy source, when these were added singly at a concentration of 2.5 g/liter to a base medium containing salts, vitamins, and 30 mg of each of 18 amino acids per liter. Molar growth yields (Y) for each of the eight amino acids were determined in aerobic batch cultures. Except with aspartate and serine, all molar growth yields decreased with increasing concentration of the energy source, whether or not it was present in excess. The average molar growth yields for both aspartate and serine were Y = 35 g/mol. The highest Y values obtained with the other amino acids were 79, 78, 56, 46, 58, and 21 g/mol for glutamate, proline, histidine, alanine, threonine, and glycine, respectively. Histidine was not utilized as an energy source at concentrations of less than 2 mM. Enterotoxin yields (mg of toxin per g [dry wt] of cells) higher than in the basal medium were obtained when proline, histidine, alanine, serine, and glycine were the major energy sources. When proline and alanine were the major energy sources, enterotoxin yields were not affected by the concentration, whereas toxin yields were reduced at high concentrations of the other six amino acids. The highest cell yields and Y values were obtained with glutamate, but its utilization as an energy source markedly reduced enterotoxin yields.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1979

Endocrine control of energy metabolism in the cow: correlations of hormones and metabolites in high and low yielding cows for stages of lactation.

Measures of hormones and metabolites in blood plasma of high and low yielding cattle matched for diet and stage of lactation were investigated for relationships between milk yield, body weight, and concentrations of hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, insulin, and thyroxine) and metabolites (glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and L-lactic acid) for stages of lactation. A first approach correlated total milk yields of 15 cows with average constituents during the four 24-h blood samplings through the first 27 wk of lactation. The second examined associations of changes with sampling periods in milk yield or body weight with changes in hormones and metabolites. Total milk yield of the high yielding group was correlated positively with ratios of growth hormone/thyroxine and glucose/thyroxine and correlated negatively with thyroxine. Changes in growth hormone and its ratio to insulin, and changes in yield were correlated positively for groups combined. Changes in thyroxine were correlated negatively with changes in yield. Changes in liveweight gain were related positively to insulin and lactic acid and negatively with changes in growth hormone. Changes in growth hormone were related positively to changes in nonesterified fatty acids.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

XsiAMT1.1a was identified as a novel ammonium uptake functional gene and its overexpression combined with GA4 application significantly increased yield in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting factor for plant yield. Ammonium is one of the main N forms absorbed by plants. Overexpression of ammonium uptake functional genes, such as ammonium transporter (AMT), can increase yield. However, the AMTs reported to enhance yield significantly is still limited. No researches have focused on the effect of overexpressing AMT combined with hormone application on yield improvement. In this study, we first investigated the role of XsiAMT1.1a, a potential ammonium uptake functional gene in an ammonium preference plant Xanthium sibiricum, in ammonium uptake by the analysis of bioinformatics, gene expression and subcellular localization, and the determination of ammonium uptake rate in endogenous silencing and heterologous overexpression plants. Subsequently, the effect of XsiAMT1.1a overexpression combined with hormone application on yield increase was further investigated in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that XsiAMT1.1a shared the same conserved domains with AtAMT1 subfamily members and localized on the plasma membrane. XsiAMT1.1a was induced by N deficiency and highly expressed during the reproductive period. XsiAMT1.1a endogenous silencing and heterologous overexpression significantly decreased and increased ammonium uptake rates in X. sibiricum and A. thaliana, respectively. Overexpression of XsiAMT1.1a significantly improved total N accumulation, biomass and yield in A. thaliana, while XsiAMT1.1a overexpression combined with GA4 application had a stronger promoting effect on the above indicators. Our research identified a novel ammonium uptake functional gene, XsiAMT1.1a, and provided a new yield-increasing strategy which was verified in A. thaliana.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed1977

Immunoadsorbents for the isolation of high-affinity anti-hapten antibodies in high yield.

Anti-hapten antibodies with affinities close to 10(8)/M can be isolated in high yield by elution under mild conditions from immunoadsorbents prepared by coupling haptens directly to an aminoethylamino (AEA) derivative of beaded agarose. In experiments with rabbit anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody with an average association constant (Ko) of 1.2 X 10(9)/M, elution of antibody bound to a Sepharose-AEA-DNP column produced a yield of 57%. With rabbit antibody to the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (DANS) hapten with Ko=2.7 X 10(8)/M and a Sips heterogeneity index a=0.52, a 20% yield of the antibody found in the starting material by quantitative precipitin analysis was obtained by specific precipitation and dissolution of the precipitate with 0.18 M Na DANSulfonate; this antibody had Ko=6.6 X 10(8)/M and a=0.66. Purification of another aliquot of the same antibody preparation by immunoadsorption on DANS-AEA-Sepharose and elution with the same hapten concentration produced a yield of 75% of antibody with Ko=5.7 X 10(7)/M and a=0.29. In 3 production runs with the new method, apparent yields of 181, 101 and 94% (based on quantitative precipitin analysis of the starting material) of anti-DANS antibody were obtained. In 2 of these runs, the immunoadsorbent was further eluted with 0.1 M acetic acid and then with 0.1 M acetic acid in 10% dioxane; additonal yields of 9 and 4% were obtained with acetic acid and further yields of 15 and 11% with acetic acid/dioxane; the antibody eluted with acetic acid was damaged as shown by its failure to mediate passive immune lysis of DANS-coupled sheep erythrocytes, but the antibody eluted with acetic acid/dioxane was recovered intact.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Influence of iron on yields of extracellular products in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures.

The effect of the iron content of the medium on the yields of extracellular products by seven distinct strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. All strains showed at least an 85% decrease in toxin A yields when grown in medium containing 5.0 mug of iron per ml (high iron) as compared to 0.05 mug/ml (low iron), whereas bacterial growth increased approximately twofold. During the course of examining extracellular products produced by P. aeruginosa, we found many strains that produced an extracellular factor which agglutinated erythrocytes. This hemagglutinin was nondialyzable, heat stable, and resistant to Pronase and trypsin. The effect of iron on extracellular yields of hemagglutinin was strain dependent; four of seven strains showed decreases in hemagglutinin yields in high-iron medium. Similarly, the effect of increasing the iron concentration of the growth medium on yields of total extracellular proteases or on elastase was strain dependent. The amount of total extracellular protein was decreased by at least 31% in the high-iron medium for all strains of P. aeruginosa examined. Detailed studies on one strain (WR-9) showed that, in the presence of increasing amounts of iron in the medium, the extracellular yields of toxin A, protease, and hemagglutinin were decreased in a similar manner. In addition, the kinetics of release of these extracellular products were similar at a given iron concentration. Thus it appears that the yields of other extracellular products of P. aeruginosa besides toxin A are influenced by the concentration of iron in the growth medium.

Agglutinins↗

PubMed1978

The emission yields of delayed and prompt fluorescence from chloroplasts.

1. The decay of delayed fluorescence from chloroplasts blocked with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and uncoupled with gramicidin has been measured in the time range 0.75--45 ms by use of a laser phosphoroscope. 2. The decays have been analysed as the sum of three first-order components of approximate half-lives 0.2, 2.5 and 300 ms by a computer-assisted least-squares fit procedure. 3. The prompt fluorescence yield of the chloroplasts was manipulated by changing the cation concentration of the chloroplast-suspending medium. 4. Analysis of the concentration dependence of the components of the delayed fluorescence decay and of the prompt fluorescence inductions indicates that the emission yield of the intermediate (tau approximately 2.5 ms) component of the decay is equal to the fluorescence yield of a Photosystem II photosynthetic unit with an open trap, and that for the slow (tau approximately 300 ms) component the emission yield is equal to the total Photosystem II prompt fluorescence yield. 5. It is concluded that the delayed fluorescence yield in the time range studied is a complex function of time, which may be due to there being different mechanisms leading to delayed fluorescence production at short and long times after cessation of illumination.

Chloroplasts↗

PubMed2026

Molecular diagnostic yield and barriers in inherited retinal diseases: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of panel-based genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and identify barriers to molecular resolution. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 404 patients with clinically confirmed IRDs who were evaluated at the Adult Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Service, Ontario, Canada (October 2021-September 2024). METHODS: Patients underwent targeted massive parallel sequencing panel testing. Diagnostic yield was calculated, and unresolved cases were reviewed. Associations between yield, phenotype, ethnicity, and sex were assessed using χ² analysis. RESULTS: Of 685 referrals, 570 had confirmed IRDs. After we excluded 140 pending results and 26 patients who declined testing, 404 patients were analyzed. At referral, 94 patients (23.2%) had a previous molecular diagnosis, and 138 (34.0%) were diagnosed through clinic-initiated testing, giving an overall yield of 57.4%. Yield varied significantly by phenotype (χ², P = 1.4 × 10⁻⁶), from 94.4% in vitelliform macular dystrophies to 25.0% in vitreoretinopathies, with no sex association (P = 1.0). Disease-causing variants were identified in 83 IRD-associated genes, most frequently ABCA4, USH2A, and BEST1. Of 172 unresolved cases, 62 (36.0%) had negative panels, and 110 (63.9%) were inconclusive, including 30 with unphased pathogenic variants in recessive genes and 10 with high-suspicion variants of uncertain significance. Key barriers included limited family availability for phasing, restricted access to functional assays, and lack of public coverage for whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Massive parallel sequencing-based panel testing achieved a 57% diagnostic yield in this IRD population. Success was strongly phenotype-dependent with substantial heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, family segregation, and functional genomics could improve diagnostic outcomes and management.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genetic legacy effects in a mungbean-wheat rotation reveal potential to breed for system-level yield gains.

Legume crops provide protein-rich food, serve as critical disease breaks in cereal rotations, and contribute to soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, crop improvement programs typically focus on within-crop performance rather than system-level benefits. We hypothesize that legacy effects (the influence of one crop's genotype on subsequent crop performance) are under genetic control and could be targeted in breeding programs. To test this, we evaluated how 309 genetically diverse mungbean genotypes influenced subsequent wheat performance. The mungbean panel was grown, followed by a single wheat cultivar sown in the same plots. Remarkably, wheat yield varied by nearly 1 t ha-1 (2.52-3.49 t ha-1), depending solely on the preceding mungbean genotype. Legacy effects showed moderate heritability (H2: 0.43-0.65), suggesting untapped genetic potential for breeding. However, these estimates were derived from a single site and season and require validation across environments. Analyses of mungbean traits, soil properties, and volatile organic compounds identified root architecture, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the soil microbiome as potential contributors to legacy effects, although these mechanisms remain to be tested directly. Haplotype mapping identified genomic regions in mungbean associated with wheat yield and, to a lesser extent, grain protein, revealing trade-offs between within-crop performance and legacy effects. Genetic simulations based on empirically derived marker effects compared genomic selection strategies targeting mungbean yield, wheat yield, or both simultaneously. A selection strategy placing equal weight on mungbean yield and subsequent wheat yield (50:50 weighting) achieved simultaneous gains in both crops (19.5% and 7.6%), highlighting the potential to breed for system-level productivity with reduced input requirements.

crop rotations↗

PubMed1979

The quantum yield of flash-induced proton release by bacteriorhodopsin-containing membrane fragments.

The quantum yield of proton release by bacteriorhodopsin was measured from volume changes after excitation of purple membrane fragments by short flashes. At low ionic strengths, about 0.25 mol of protons is released per einstein absorbed. This agrees well with quantum yields reported recently for the conversion of bacteriorhodopsin into a metastable state (M) that absorbs near 412 nm. However, the quantum yield of proton release increases gradually with increasing ionic strength; it plateaus with a value of 0.43 +/- 0.03 at ionic strengths above 200 mM. Changing the ionic strength has no detectable effect on the quantum yield of formation of the M spectral state. It thus appears that as many as two protons can be released and rebound in each photochemical cycle at high ionic strengths. The quantum yield of proton release is essentially independent of pH over the range 6.0-8.75. The quantum yield decreases with increasing flash strength, apparently due to photoreversal of the initial photochemical reaction.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗

PubMed1979

Comparative evaluation of the effect of a high yield criteria list upon skull radiography.

Based on results of studies using high yield criteria to determine the need for skull radiography, the Utilization Review Committee of the University Hospital (UH), University of Washington, Seattle implemented a policy encouraging use of the criteria in ordering skull radiology. The Bureau of Radiologic Health of the FDA supported a project comparing skull radiology use patterns at UH, with the high yield criteria policy, and Harborview Medical Center (HMC), without a policy. Results showed an increase of around 60% at HMC since the 1972--73 academic year. At UH, there was a decrease of 40% since the 1972--73 academic year. At HMC a medical record review showed only 51 positive reports that significantly contributed to patient care, about the same rate observed in 1967. At the UH, only nine positive reports significantly contributed to patient care, with 62% compliance with the high yield criteria. A current demonstration project under the auspices of the Washington State Professional Standards Review Organization and Bureau of Radiologic Health involves implementing the high yield criteria list at both HMC and UH. After three months, out of 6,003 patient visits, skull radiography was deemed necessary in 518 cases. Of this total 181 had high yield criteria checked. There were 37 positive reports out of these and 23 examinations that made a documented significant contribution to patient care. In the group without high yield criteria, 434 cases, there were 22 positive reports but no significant contribution to patient care documented after four weeks.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗

PubMed2026

Grain protein and yield stability study in rainfed durum wheat RILs.

Developing durum wheat cultivars with stable grain yield across diverse environments remains a key breeding objective. This study evaluated 118 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the drought-adapted cultivar 'Zardak' (Triticum durum) and the landrace 'Iran-249' (T. turanicum) with desirable seed characteristics, across four heterogeneous rainfed environments in Italy and Iran. The assessment focused on grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) stability. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant (p < 0.01) effects for genotype, environment, and their interaction for both traits. Line ZD-050 showed the highest GY (3.91 t ha⁻¹), while ZD-032 had the highest GPC (14.27%). Stability analysis using parametric and non-parametric methods, along with AMMI and GGE biplot modeling, identified ZD-050 as among the most promising genotypes according to yield-integrating and dynamic-stability approaches. This line showed high grain yield in methods such as the Superiority Index and Kang's rank-sum, although stability rankings differed across the used methods. This line maintained superior yield, demonstrated broad adaptability across environments, and had moderate protein levels, identifying it as an optimal candidate for breeding programs targeting yield stability and wide adaptation under rainfed conditions.

Triticum↗