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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Drug use among native American young adults.

Young adult Native American students at a postsecondary educational institute showed a very high level of use of all drugs when compared with other samples of college age youth. Alcohol, marijuana, and amphetamines were drugs of choice: 31% had tried inhalants although there was little present use; 10% were involved in a drug subculture, using multiple drugs relatively heavily. The authors' interpretation of these findings is either the institution attracts drug users or young Native Americans from relatively isolated environments have higher susceptibility to drugs when they enter an urban (nonreservation) culture.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Histological and ultrastructural studies of the rabbit pars intermedia in organ culture. I. Adult and young adult tissue.

Fuuly differentiated rabbit pars intermedia has been maintained successfully for over six weeks as organ culture. PI-glandular cells are the commonest type throughout the culture. They retain their differential condition for at least five weeks. Autoradiography indicates that cell division occurs in cultures for at least two weeks. Dense granules are seen in the intercellular, perivascular and vascular spaces and are taken to indicate secretory activity under the conditions of culture. Some interstitial cells remain recognisable throughout the culture and ACT-type cells for more than two weeks. Other interstitial cells lose their usual appearance and become peripheral dark cells. Modification of cytoplasmic organelles, including distortion and darkening of mitochondria, increase in intracellular filaments and enlargement and liberation of the content of the PI-vesicles are reported.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

Effect of a low protein diet on in vitro protein synthesis in thymus, spleen, and bone marrow in young adult rats.

Young adult rats (body weight 90 g) were given a low protein (3% casein) diet for 6 days. Under these conditions, thymus and spleen organ wet weights and DNA content decreased as compared with control rats given a high protein (20% casein) diet. The in vitro incorporation of amino acids into protein was followed using leucine as the radioactive precursor. Ribosomes of tissues from the dietary rats were incubated together with soluble enzymes from liver of rats fed a stock diet, and cofactors. Ribosomal capacity for leucine incorporation into protein diminished in thymus by 33% per mg ribosomal RNA, 77% per total ribosomal RNA, and 43% per mg DNA. In spleen the corresponding reductions were 29%, 81%, and 31%; in bone marrow the decrease was 29% per mg ribosomal RNA, 56% per total ribosomal RNA, and 19% per mg DNA. A reduction in physiological activity is thus evident in these tissues soon after protein restriction.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1979

Cross validation of the 2-8/8-2 MMPI code type for young adult psychiatric outpatients.

Young adults attending a college student mental health center and obtaining 2 and 8 as their highest scale elevations (and not scale 7 as the third elevation) on the MMPI were compared to other patients at the center on 175 descriptors obtained from intake interviews. Those items which discriminated (chi2, p less than .05) 2-8/8-2 patients from others in the sample are presented in relationship to the descriptors obtained for this code type by other investigators. The statements generated by the Marks and Seeman interpretive system for adults were then reanalyzed by the Chi Square method to demonstrate the differential effect of statistical method upon code type interpretation. Although previously established correlates of 2-8/8-2 profiles were partially validated, a number of different descriptors emerge for males and females in this population. Questions are raised and discussed concerning methodologies for generating interpretive statements for various clinical populations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Cancer of the pancreas in young adults.

Two young women with cancer of the pancreas are described. The rising incidence and epidemiology of this cancer is discussed. The need for tissue diagnosis and some new aspects of treatment of pancreatic cancer relevant to these cases are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Osteotomy as an alternative to total hip replacement in young adults.

The young (under 50) patient with symptomatic osteoarthrosis of the hip from congenital hip dysplasia presents a difficult therapeutic problem. Although total hip replacement can be successful in such cases, the uncertaintly of a long-term result makes an alternative treatment attractive. A series of 15 patients with 17 involved hips were subjected to a carefully planned and executed valgus osteotomy combined with a selective muscle lengthening about the hip. Five years or more after this procedure 14 of the 17 hips of these patients were pain free. The other three hips caused mild pain only after exertion. No patient at final follow-up required external support. Sixteen of the 17 hips showed significant radiological regression of the osteoarthrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Sinus node dysfunction in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Thirty children and young adults with electrocardiographic and clinical evidence of sinus node dysfunction (SND) are described. Ages ranged from 3 days to 25 years. Of these, 10 patients had inappropriate sinus bradycardia, 16 had periods of sinus arrest, and 9 had sinoatrial exit block. A total of 22 patients had significant heart disease and SND developed in 13 after cardiac surgery. Eight patients with SND had no obvious heart disease. Seven patients were symptomatic, having either syncopal (three) or near-syncopal episodes (four). The three with syncope have received permanent demand pacemakers. Although significant SND occurs most frequently in children with congenital heart disease, particularly following corrective cardiac surgery, it may occur in otherwise normal individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Femoral-neck fractures in young adults.

Twenty-two young adult patients with femoral-neck fractures fitting the following criteria were evaluated. All patients (1) were between twenty and forty years old, (2) had clinical and follow-up roentgenograms at least twelve months after the injury, (3) incurred fracture of the neck of the femur through normal bone, and (4) did not incur a stress fracture. The incidence of non-union was 59 per cent (thirteen of twenty-two patients) and of avascular necrosis, 86 per cent (nineteen of twenty-two patients). Evaluation of patients and results are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults in North America: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions are common among adolescents and young adults and represent an important clinical and public health concern in North America. Trauma exposure, psychiatric symptoms, and social adversity frequently co-occur with substance-related problems in this population. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on prevalence patterns, associated clinical and psychosocial factors, and care-related implications described in the literature on adolescents and young adults with substance use and co-occurring mental health conditions. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024581685). A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies examined adolescents and young adults (≤ 25 years) in North America. A combination of subject headings, keywords, and synonyms for the concepts "adolescents," "young adults," "substance use disorders," and "co-occurring mental health conditions" was used. Of 1,882 records identified, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Given the heterogeneity of the literature, findings were synthesized narratively. RESULTS: The included studies showed heterogeneity in population, setting, denominator, and ascertainment method. Across the literature, depressive, anxiety-related, trauma-related, and externalizing mental health presentations were frequently reported alongside substance-related problems in adolescents and young adults. Trauma exposure, adverse childhood experiences, and broader social adversity were also commonly reported in association with substance-related problems across studies. Care-related implications were more limited and were largely derived as future directions mentioned across studies rather than direct evaluations of youth-specific service models. CONCLUSION: Co-occurring mental health and substance-related problems were frequently reported among adolescents and young adults in high-risk and service-engaged populations in North America. Trauma and social adversity were prominent across the reviewed literature, while direct evidence for evaluated, integrated, youth-specific care models remains limited. These findings support the relevance of developmentally appropriate, integrated, and trauma-informed approaches to care and highlight the need for further research directly evaluating improved service delivery models for this population. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Organization and recall of related sentences by elderly and young adults.

Differences between elderly and young adults in storage organization of sentence material were investigated using a modification of Mandler's (1967) sorting technique. The elderly were expected to be relatively poor at sorting organization, and would then recall less sentence material. The age groups were also compared on time taken to organize the sentences, recall organization, and performance on a short sentence comprehension test. There were no age differences in conceptual type of organization or clustering of sentences in sorting groups and recall storage organization was not related to the amount of recall. The elderly adults did require more time to acquire the sentences, and had lower recognition test scores. It was concluded that the sorting technique and measures related to it failed to detect the elderly adults' apparent difficulty in acquiring the sentences.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Axonal transport of taurine along neonatal and young adult rat optic axons.

Studies in this laboratory have indicated that taurine is axonally transported along goldfish optic nerves. In the present experiments the axonal transport of taurine was examined in neonatal and young adult rat optic axons. [35S]taurine was injected into the vitreous humor of right eyes of developing (1--15-day-old) or young adult (40-day-old) rats. At various times after injection ranging from 3 h to 7 days, right retinae and left and right geniculates were removed and assayed for radioactivity, left minus right lateral geniculate (L-RLG) radioactivity being used as an index of axonally transported [35S]taurine. Results indicated that taurine was rapidly transported along both neonatal and young optic axons, in contrast to other amino acids (i.e., leucine and proline) which are not axonally transported in this system. Significant developmental variations were seen in both L-RLG and right retinal [35S]taurine activity 24 h after injection. The amounts of L-RLG [35S]taurine corrected for retinal ganglion cell uptake in animals injected at 1,4,7 and 11 days after birth (prior to and during the major period of synaptogenesis in the geniculates) were 4.5, 3.1, 2.3 and 2.6 times higher, respectively, than those in the young adults. In contrast, the amount of corrected L-RLG [35S]taurine in animals injected at 15 days after birth (after synaptogenesis) were not significantly different from that in the young adult.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Financial incentives and health coaching to improve glycemic outcomes among young adults with type 1 diabetes: A factorial randomized trial (SweetGoals).

AIM: This study aimed to improve glycemic control among young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), an at-risk and understudied population. METHOD: N = 300 young adults with T1D recruited nationally were randomized to the factorial combination of (1) financial incentives targeting glucose checking and mealtime behaviors and (2) web health coaching focused on increasing motivation and goal setting for self-management behaviors. All received a smartphone app that accessed device data and provided weekly goal feedback. The intervention lasted 6 months. HbA1c (A1c) was assessed at baseline, +6 months, and +12 months. The mean number of glucose checking and mealtime goals met per week during the intervention were tested as mediators of intervention effects on A1c at 12 months. RESULTS: A1c was significantly reduced from baseline to +12 months across all participants. Indirect effects of both incentives and coaching on A1c reductions were significant and partially mediated by mealtime but not glucose checking goal achievement. There was no synergistic (interaction) effect of incentives and coaching. CONCLUSION: Incentives and coaching both improved critical mealtime behavior but through different strategies. These results suggest that either intervention would be suitable for future testing and dissemination, and that lower cost of incentives may favor their prioritization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Age as a core disease modifier: Distinct clinical, molecular and prognostic landscapes of essential thrombocythaemia in adolescents and young adults.

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) in adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15-39 years) is a distinct entity with an incompletely defined prognosis. In this multicentre retrospective study, 1728 ET patients from 29 centres across China were stratified into AYA (n = 328) and non-AYA (≥40 years, n = 1400) cohorts. We compared their clinical profiles, genomic landscapes, long-term outcomes and risk factors for progression to post-ET myelofibrosis (MF). AYA patients had fewer cardiovascular risks and lower thrombosis rates, but higher rates of extreme thrombocytosis. Molecularly, AYA patients were enriched for calreticulin (CALR) mutations, whereas Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) predominated in older patients. The burden of non-driver mutations (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 [TET2], DNA methyltransferase 3A [DNMT3A], ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 [ASXL1], SH2‑B adaptor protein 3 [SH2B3]) was lower in AYA patients. Consequently, AYA patients achieved superior long-term outcomes across all key survival endpoints, including overall, myelofibrosis-free and leukaemia-free survival. Analysis of post-ET MF progression risks identified age-specific patterns: CALR mutations are enriched in younger patients and show an age-specific association with MF progression. AYA-ET constitutes a unique clinicomolecular subtype with a favourable prognosis, supporting age-stratified management. The enrichment of CALR mutations and their specific link to MF progression in young patients underscore the urgent need for targeted therapies against CALR-mutant clones.

adolescents and young adults (AYA)↗

PubMed2026

Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis Among U.S. Young Adults Who Use Cannabis: Evidence From the 2021-2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and identify associated factors among U.S. young adult drivers reporting past-year cannabis use. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed pooled 2021-2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The analytic data were restricted to drivers aged 18-25 years who reported past-year cannabis use (N = unweighted 17,141; weighted N = 10,814,381). The outcome was self-reported past-year DUIC. Independent variables included demographics, substance use, mental health, cannabis-related perceptions, and driving behaviors. These relationships were assessed by modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of DUIC was 28.0%, representing approximately over three million young adults. DUIC prevalence increased with cannabis use frequency, from 2.51 times higher among those using cannabis 12-49 days (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29-2.75) to 3.63 times higher among those reporting use on 300-365 days (APR: 3.63; 95% CI: 3.60-3.76), compared with those using cannabis 1-11 days. Cannabis use disorder (APR: 2.34; 95% CI: 2.06-2.65), simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (APR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.28-1.30), and perceived easy cannabis availability (APR: 2.36; 95% CI: 2.33-2.39) were also associated with higher prevalence of DUIC. Nonenrollment in school and living in a state with a medical cannabis law were associated with lower DUIC prevalence. DISCUSSION: DUIC is highly prevalent among U.S. young adults who use cannabis, with a clear graded association across categories of cannabis use frequency. Public health interventions should address frequent use, cannabis use disorder, alcohol-cannabis co-use, and perceived cannabis availability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Meningococcal carriage in adolescents and young adults in Kuwait.

BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), with asymptomatic carriage playing a crucial role in transmission. Adolescents (15-17 years) and young adults (18-20 years) have the highest carriage rates, yet data from Kuwait remain limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of N. meningitidis carriage among adolescents and young adults in Kuwait. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to May 2024, enrolling 1,398 participants aged 15-20 years. Randomly selected individuals provided oropharyngeal swabs, and demographic, behavioral, and vaccination data were collected via standardized questionnaires. Carriage prevalence was determined using selective culture-based methods. Whole genome sequencing was performed on culture-confirmed isolates. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics; carriage prevalence was reported as proportions, and associations were explored using Fisher's exact or chi-square tests and logistic regression where feasible. RESULTS: The overall meningococcal carriage rate was 0.21% (3/1,398). All isolates were non-groupable (NG), with one carrying the capsule null locus (CNL). Self-reported MenACWY vaccination coverage was 94.8%. No significant associations between demographic, geographic, or behavioral factors and carriage status were identified due to the small number of positive cases. CONCLUSION: This study provides a population-based estimate of meningococcal carriage among adolescents and young adults in Kuwait using a random sampling approach. The low carriage rate, alongside high vaccination coverage, suggests that existing immunization programs in Kuwait may be effective in reducing N. meningitidis transmission. However, the presence of NG strains stresses the need for continued surveillance. Further research is required to evaluate long-term vaccination impacts and potential gaps in disease protection.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Current trends in the treatment of the young adult with disabling hip disease. A survey.

The otherwise physically fit young adult with unilateral disabling hip disease poses a treatment dilemma for the orthopedic surgeon. In an effort to gain some insight into current treatment trends for this group ten eminent hip surgeons were each sent case histories and pertinent X-rays of two otherwise fit young adults with disabling unilateral hip disease. Their treatment suggestions are analyzed following a review of the possible alternatives. Two features of the survey stood out: 1) For both patients a significant number of respondents favored total hip replacement; 2) John Charnley, who has been at the forefront in the development of total hip arthroplasty recommended that both patients wait until the total hip problems of component loosening and excessive wear are solved, (he predicts these solutions will come within the next five years) and then undergo total replacement. Ironically then, at a time when there may be a trend toward performing total hip replacement in otherwise fit young people with disabling hip disease, one of the prime developers of total hip replacement is calling for a moratorium on this course of action until the problems of total hip pertinent to young people are solved.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed2026

Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower: Maintenance of Reading Outcomes for Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Following a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: This study examined whether the effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower (FRAME), a functional, strategy-based reading comprehension intervention for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), were maintained 6 months following the completion of the intervention and explored participants' perceptions of the intervention's feasibility, relevance, and perceived impact. METHOD: Participants were 44 young adults with IDDs (ages 18-26 years) who participated in a previously reported randomized controlled trial (FRAME participants: n = 23; controls: n = 21). Trial outcomes were assessed via telepractice at pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Six-month maintenance analyses focused on outcomes that demonstrated significant posttest group differences: use of (a) reading comprehension strategies (proximal) and (b) reading comprehension questions (distal). Participant perceptions (social validity) were collected post-intervention from FRAME participants using a structured interview protocol with closed- and open-ended items. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, FRAME participants demonstrated sustained but reduced improvements in strategy use relative to controls (p = .040). Between-groups differences were not maintained for reading comprehension questions (p = .091). Participants reported high acceptability and perceived relevance of FRAME, with qualitative themes reflecting perceived improvements in comprehension, self-improvement, and increased independence. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that FRAME supports sustainable gains in reading comprehension strategy use and is perceived as meaningful and feasible for young adults with IDDs, although additional supports may be needed to promote sustained improvements in distal comprehension outcomes. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.33307218.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Electrocardiographic recognition of sinus node dysfunction in children and young adults.

Twenty-four children and young adults with electrocardiographic evidence of sinus node dysfunction (SND) are described. The patients, whose ages ranged from three days to 25 years, were divided into three groups based on the type of SND. Ten patients had persistent and inappropriate sinus bradycardia (group I): twelve patients had episodes of prolonged sinus arrest (group II); and seven patients had repeated episodes of Mobitz type I or II sinoatrial exit block (group III). Eighteeen patients had significant heart disease and in 11 of these the SND followed corrective cardiac surgery. Seven were operations for atrial septal defect and transposition repair. Seven patients with SND were symptomatic, having either syncopal (3) or near syncopal episodes (4). All three with syncope have received permanent demand pacemakers. These data show that sinotrial exit block occurs in many young patients with SND (29% in this series). Its recognition, however, requires careful electrocardiographic analysis in order to differentiate sinus bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia. Although SND most commonly occurs in children with congenital or acquired heart disease, particularly following corrective cardiac surgery, it may occur in the absence of other cardiac abnormalities.

Adolescent↗