SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “acute gastroenteritis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis mortality: an analysis of pooled case-control studies from the MNSSTER-V dataset.

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus accounts for an estimated 25% of diarrhoea deaths in children under 5 years globally, and more than 140 countries have included rotavirus vaccines in their routine national infant vaccination programmes. We aimed to calculate rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus-positive and all-cause acute gastroenteritis deaths. METHODS: The Multi-National Subpopulations Study to Evaluate Rotavirus Vaccines (MNSSTER-V) dataset combines child-level data from test-negative case-control studies of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness that enrolled children under 5 years of age seeking care for acute gastroenteritis at hospitals or emergency departments in 24 countries between July 1, 2007, and Aug 24, 2023. Children were included in this study if they were: younger than 5 years, met the acute gastroenteritis case definition (had at least three episodes of diarrhoea in a 24-h period, had non-bloody and non-chronic diarrhoea, and were enrolled within 7 days of diarrhoea onset), met vaccine card quality metrics, had vaccine delivery dates if the child was reported to have received a rotavirus vaccine, and had a reported outcome of death or discharge. In-hospital acute gastroenteritis deaths were characterised, and rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against all-cause and rotavirus-positive acute gastroenteritis mortality was calculated using an unconditional logistic regression model with adjustment for national under-5 mortality strata and child's age. Vaccine effectiveness analyses against all-cause and rotavirus-positive acute gastroenteritis mortality were restricted to children aged at least 3 months who received any routine vaccines from countries reporting at least one acute gastroenteritis death. FINDINGS: From the MNSSTER-V dataset, we included 27 252 children younger than 5 years enrolled from 22 countries; outcomes of patients were not available for two countries. At least one in-hospital acute gastroenteritis death was reported from 16 countries including 21 522 children; in total, 183 all-cause acute gastroenteritis deaths and 25 rotavirus-positive deaths were reported. Among children aged at least 3 months who had received any routine vaccines, receiving at least one dose of a rotavirus vaccine had an adjusted vaccine effectiveness of 75·8% (95% CI 28·4 to 91·8; n=13 630) against rotavirus-positive acute gastroenteritis mortality and 20·8% (-47·0 to 57·3; n=20 005) against all-cause acute gastroenteritis mortality. INTERPRETATION: Rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing rotavirus-positive acute gastroenteritis mortality. Continued efforts to improve vaccine delivery could help to reduce acute gastroenteritis mortality due to rotavirus worldwide. FUNDING: None.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intolerance to cow's milk protein. A complication of acute gastroenteritis (author's transl)].

Eight cases of acute gastroenteritis, two caused by enteropathogenic "E. coli", with secondary cow's milk protein intolerance were studied. Diagnosis was established clinically and by means of intestinal biopsy, before and after a milk challenge. The role of acute gastroenteritis as a trigger of cow's milk protein intolerance and other factors contributing to the appearance of that complication are discussed. The mechanisms leading to intractable diarrhoea in a situation of prolonged gastroenteritis are also commented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1978

Rotavirus infections in adults in association with acute gastroenteritis.

During an epidemic of acute gastroenteritis in Helsinki, in March--May 1976, 18 out of 40 adult patients showed electron microscopic and/or serologic evidence for rotavirus infection. Rotavirus was most frequently seen in the fecal suspensions from 2 to 6 days after the onset of the symptoms but persisted in one patient for as long as 10 days. An increase in the complement-fixing (CF) serum antibody titers against the related Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV), or an initially high titer and subsequent significant decrease, was seen in all but one patient with rotavirus-positive feces, and in 6 additional patients. This suggests that using electron microscopy as the only diagnostic procedure a considerable number of rotavirus infections in adults remain undetected. Immune response against autologous or homologous rotavirus was also documented by immunoelectron microscopy. Complement-fixing antibody titers against NCDV decreased significantly from the convalescence values over a half-year observation period, but still remained clearly above the titers of a gastroenteritis-negative control population.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Acute gastroenteritis among schoolchildren associated with reovirus-like agent.

During early summer 1975 and spring 1976, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were reported from primary schools and other institutions in several districts of Japan. Outbreaks occurred in an explosive manner resembling mass food poisoning from a school lunch. The majority of patients were in the age group 6-14 years. Clinical features were generally mild, consisting of vomiting and/or diarrhea, often with low-grade fever. Reovirus-like agents in the feces were found in 27 (44%) of 62 patients. The virus found in feces of schoolchildren with acute gastroenteritis (SCGV) was related morphologically as well as serologically, not only to the agent found in infantile gastroenteritis (IGV), but also to neonatal calf diarrhea virus (NCDV). A slight difference in antigenicity between SCGV and IGV as suggested by cross complement fixation (CF) remains to be elucidated. About one-half of paired sera from 54 patients showed a significant rise in CF antibody against SCGV and/or NCDV. The pattern of neutralizing (NT) antibody against NCDV in patients' sera was similar to that of CF antibody. Most children studied had a titer of 1:4 or greater of CF and/or NT antibodies to SCGV and NCDV in acute sera. The relationship between acute gastroenteritis associated with reovirus-like agent in infants and that in schoolchildren is discussed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Jejunal microbial flora of southern indian infants in health and with acute gastroenteritis.

The microbial flora of the jejunal lumen of 28 infants with acute gastroenteritis was compared with that of a group of 10 normal infants. The jejunum of control subjects harboured an "oral" type of flora and in a few instances enterobacteria in small numbers. The concentrations of all but one of the groups of organism were higher in the patients than in controls, and the differences were of statistical significance for enterobacteria and lactobacilli. In eight subjects, the same pathogen was identified in the jejunum and the stool. In six subjects with rotavirus infection, there were almost no Gram-negative aerobic rods in the jejunum. The possible role of other Gram-negative aerobic rods in producing gastroenteritis is discussed. It is suggested that studies of jejunal flora are of considerable importance in assigning an aetiological role to bacteria in the causation of acute gastroenteritis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2025

Genotypic Analysis and Clinical Findings of Sapovirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Mie Prefecture, Japan, 2010-2022.

Sapovirus (SaV) is one of the major viruses causing acute gastroenteritis. Of the 1981 fecal specimens collected through sentinel pediatric acute gastroenteritis pathogen surveillance in Mie Prefecture, Japan (2010-2022), 236 were positive for SaV, according to PCR screening. Whole or near-whole genome sequences were determined for 158 strains by next-generation sequencing. Genotype GI.1 was the most common of the nine SaV genotypes detected, followed by GII.3 and GII.1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SaVs of these three genotypes separated into three different clusters depending on the year of detection, suggesting continuous genetic changes in the same genotype. Coinfections involving different SaV genotypes, as well as reinfections with SaV in the same individual, were observed in this study. The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea (68.4%) and vomiting (61.6%), with an increased rate of emesis, particularly in patients over 3 years of age. In addition, 18.1% of the children had fever. This study clarified the prevalence of viral genotypes as well as clinical findings of SaV-positive gastroenteritis in children, and revealed trends by age.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Virus-like particle, 35 to 40 nm, associated with an institutional outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in adults.

In an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in an institution for the mentally retarded at Otofuke, Hokkaido, Japan, virus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in five of seven stool specimens from the patients. The particles had 10 rod-shaped and 10 round projections or capsomeres on the periphery, measured 35 to 40 nm in diameter, and had a buoyant density of 1.35 to 1.37 g/ml in cesium chloride. Attempts to culture these particles in tissue culture or in mouse brain were unsuccessful. Immune electron miscroscopy performed with the virus from the patients as antigen demonstrated significant serological responses in all patients examined. Antigenic similarity of the virus particles obtained from five patients was also confirmed by immune electron microscopy with the paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera of one of the patients. Furthermore, in immune electron micrsocopy these particles appeared to have no antigenic relationship to three candidate viruses for gastroenteritis so far reported: the Norwalk agent, the W agent, and the calicivirus-like particle. These results suggested the possibility that this agent, tentatively designated as the Otofuke agent, might be a new candidate virus for gastroenteritis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

The occurrence of calicivirus in infants with acute gastroenteritis.

Calicivirus was detected in 8 (1.2%) of 647 hospitalized patients during a survey of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, conducted between December 1974 and September 1977. Morphologically calicivirus was approximately 30 nm in diameter with an easily recognizable staining "star of David" configuration. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride was 1.38-1.40 gm/ml. The serologic response to calicivirus by immune electron microscopy (IEM) was demonstrated only in paired sera from patients who shed the virus in their stools. The results suggest that calicivirus might be a cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Comparison of oral sucrose and glucose electrolyte solutions in the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy.

Seventy-three children under the age of 18 months presenting with acute gastroenteritis were given an electrolyte mixture with added sucrose or glucose in a randomized double-blind trial. The time taken to recovery in those sucessfully treated as out-patients was identical. However, of the 34 who received glucose, 11 (32%) required admission compared with 7 (18%) of the 39 who received sucrose. There was a wide range of osmolality of the made-up feeds, indicating inaccuracy in diluting the solutions as prescribed, but this did not in general correlate with need for admission. Sucrose-electrolyte solution is at least as effective as a glucose-electrolyte solution for the out-patient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy. The cheapness and easy availability of sucrose commends its use in developed and developing countries.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in young children.

Conventional virologic investigations generally failed to implicate viruses as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. When negative-contrast stain electron microscopy was used for the examination of stool samples from affected patients, several candidate etiologic agents were discovered. Rotavirus (otherwise known as orbivirus, reo-like agent, and infantile gastroenteritis virus) emerged as an important causative agent. In a considerable number of patients, however, no causative agent was identified. Several other candidate etiologic viruses now "stand in the wings" awaiting additional evidence as to their role in the pathogenesis of acute gastroenteritis. In a study period of 12 months, 669 patients were found to be shedding virus in association with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and temperature elevation. Approximately one third of these patients acquired their infection in hospital.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2025

Clinical Impact and Genetic Analysis of Enteric Viruses Associated With Acute Gastroenteritis in Greater Accra, Ghana: A Comprehensive Study of Five Viruses.

Enteric viruses are significantly associated with acute gastroenteritis globally. Despite a decrease in severe rotavirus associated diarrhoea, Ghana still records high diarrhoea burden. Meanwhile aetiological investigations in hospital settings do not routinely include viral testing. Rotavirus vaccination is thought to alter enteric viral populations and impact evolution. To better understand virus-specific effects in acute gastroenteritis in both children and adults, we tested fecal samples from 228 patients at two hospitals in Accra from January to December 2019, using multiplex and singleplex PCR assays. The clinical impact of detected viruses was assessed using a modified Vesikari score system. Partial viral genome sequences were obtained by Sanger Sequencing and their genetic diversity and evolutionary history, traced by phylogenetic analyses. At least one enteric virus was found in 86 (37.7%) patient samples, with 36.9% of the population under five infected. Single infections of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus were 33, 14, 8, 6, and 1, respectively, while coinfections were 24. Rotavirus accounted for 33.3% of 24 clinically severe cases (modified Vesikari score > 7). Three out of 10 rotavirus cases with evidence of vaccination experienced severe gastroenteritis. Diverse genotypes, including RVA G2P[4], G1P[8], G12P[8] and G12P[6]; AdV F40 and F41; NoV GII.4 Sydney 2012, GII.6 and GI.3, several of which clustered with contemporary strains from the Americas, Europe and Asia, were detected. This study also provides the first report of SaV GI.1, GI.7 and GII.8 detection in humans in Ghana. RVA G2P[4] and AdV F were associated with higher proportions of hospitalizations. While RVA continues to have a profound clinical impact on gastroenteritis, AdV and SaV produce an equally severe disease. In contrast, NoV and AstV showed a generally mild to moderate impact on clinical disease severity.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

A long-term survey of rotavirus infection in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis.

Human rotavirus was detected by electron microscopic examination of the stools of 320 (63%) of 506 infants and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between December 1974 and March 1977. Serologic responses to infection with the rotavirus were revealed by the complement-fixation test in 130 (70%) of 185 patients examined. During the study period three epidemics of human rotavirus infection occurred during the winter months. The peak incidences occurred in January 1975 (88% of patients positive by serologic analysis or electron microscopy of stools), January 1976 (92%), and February 1977 (96%). Rotavirus was detected in the stools of 288 (79%) of 365 patients tested during the cooler months (December to March) and 35 (25%) of 141 during the rest of the year. In the summer (June to August), rotavirus infection occurred rarely. The frequency of human rotavirus infection was highest among patients aged six to 11 months. These results indicate that human rotavirus can be regarded as a major etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, of which wintertime epidemics are common in Japan.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Various cases of acute gastroenteritis due to Salmonella Paratyphi C].

Five cases of acute gastroenteritis due to Salmonella Paratyphi C observed in the province of Trieste during 1975 are described. It is deduced from the clinical findings and the history in each case that this infection was imported, and favoured by the geographical location of the city and prior mutilating gastrointestinal surgery. The in vitro and in vivo effect of commonly employed antibiotics on this species is assessed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

Clinical comparison between glucose and sucrose additions to a basic electrolyte mixture in the outpatient management of acute gastroenteritis in children.

In a double-blind trial in 94 children attending outpatients the value of glucose or a sucrose addition to a basic electrolyte mixture for the management of acute gastroenteritis was compared. Of the children treated with added sucrose 10% failed to respond compared with 27% of those treated with added glucose. This difference was significant (P=0-05), but the time to recovery in those in the two groups who responded to treatment was not significantly different. Thus, despite theoretical advantages, there was no practical advantage in using glucose rather than sucrose. A 5% sucrose electrolyte solution with its relatively low osmolality, ready availability, and ease of preparation is recommended as the treatment of choice in the outpatient management of acute gastroenteritis in infancy.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1977

Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in infancy and early childhood in southern India.

The aetiology of acute gastroenteritis was studied in 50 infants and young children. Bacterial pathogens were isolated in 33, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Salmonella, and Shigella being the commonest isolates. Rotaviruses were detected in the stools of 13 of the cases. All children with gastroenteritis in whom rotavirus was detected were seen during the months July to December. In 30 children who served as controls, EPEC were isolated in 6, but rotavirus was detected in none. It is concluded that infection with rotaviruses is a significant cause of morbidity in children with gastroenteritis in southern India.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2026

Genomic characteristics and tracing analysis of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with rotavirus C in a boarding high school.

BACKGROUND: Rotaviruses are major pathogens of childhood acute gastroenteritis, dominated by rotavirus A (RVA). Outbreaks caused by human rotavirus C (RVC) are rarely reported, and relevant genomic data remain scarce. This genomic investigation of an RVC outbreak improves our understanding of viral diversity and transmission dynamics. METHODS: We performed epidemiological surveys, nucleic acid testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on specimens from a 2025 RVC-associated gastroenteritis outbreak at a Chinese boarding high school. Sequence alignment, phylogenetic and molecular tracing analyses were conducted to explore RVC evolution via point mutation, segment reassortment and genomic recombination. RESULTS: This typical point-source campus outbreak was linked to an indoor student gathering matching the incubation period of RVC. Thirteen RVC FX strains were recovered from 11 rectal swabs and two vomitus samples. Their viral protein (VP) 4 and VP7 sequences shared high homology with Russian reference strains, carrying distinct amino acid variations. No segment reassortment or recombination was detected in VP4/VP7 genes. CONCLUSIONS: Dense, closed campus settings facilitate RVC clustered transmission. Limitations included absent screening of asymptomatic canteen staff. Rapid nucleic acid testing enabled timely pathogen identification for outbreak control. Greater attention should be paid to the public health risk of RVC. These whole-genome sequencing data enrich resources for studying RVC evolution and vaccine development.

Acute gastroenteritis outbreak↗

PubMed1979

Gradual reintroduction of full-strength milk after acute gastroenteritis in children.

46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) admitted with mild acute gastroenteritis were randomly allocated to a regimen of continuing on full-strength milk, or to one of taking clear fluids until the diarrhoea settled before full-strength milk was reintroduced either immediately, or gradually in quarter-strength steps. There was no difference in length of hospital stay between the three groups.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Israel: role of human reoviruslike agent and bacterial pathogens.

A study of acute gastroenteritis in children was carried out with the aim of establishing the prevalence of human reoviruslike agent (HRLA) and its relation to other enteric pathogens in Israel. The stools of 384 children with acute diarrhea referred to a pediatric emergency service were screened for HRLA by counterimmunoelectroosmorphoresis (CIEOP) and for pathogenic bacteria. Evidence of HRLA infection was found in 65 patients (17%). The highest infection rate prevailed during the cool season (25%), with a peak prevalence (41%) in November, when both the temperature and humidity were low. A very high proportion of HRLA was found in children younger than 36 months and no HRLA infection was observed in those older than nine years. The highest prevalence occurred in infants younger than six months, a situation rarely encountered in other countries. The main clinical features of HRLA infection were fever, vomiting, dehydration, signs of upper respiratory infection and carbohydrate intolerance. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 45% of enteric infections. Shigella species predominated (28%) during the summer season, especially in older children. In 38% of the study group, no etiologic agent could be detected. None of the 50 control subjects showed evidence of viral or bacterial pathogens in stools.

Acute Disease↗