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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1975

Absorption and sedative effects of diazepam after oral administration and intramuscular administration into the vastus lateralis muscle and the deltoid muscle.

The absorption of diazepam 10 mg after oral administration and intramuscular administration into the vastus lateralis muscle or the deltoid muscle was compared in a double-blind cross-over study in eight healthy subjects. Serum diazepam concentrations were measured, and the presence of tiredness was noted 20, 40, 60, 90 and 150 min after the drug administration. Peak concentrations in serum were 209+/-49, 152+/-60 and 143+/-62 ng/ml ((means+/-SD) at 90, 60 and 60 min after oral, shoulder and thigh administration respectively. Absorption was more rapid after intramuscular than after oral administration, serum mean diazepam concentrations at 20 min after oral administration being only 26% of those after shoulder administration. The rapid rate of absorption from the shoulder was associated with a more rapid feeling of tiredness and a greater sedative effect than after oral or thigh administration. There was no evidence that diazepam induced its own metabolism after one or two administrations. The results suggest that, if rapid preanaesthetic medication with diazepam is needed, shoulder administration might be superior to oral or thigh administration.

Absorption↗

PubMed1975

Intestinal lymph formation and fat absorption: stimulation by acute ethanol administration and inhibition by chronic ethanol administration and inhibition by chronic ethanol feeding.

The acute administration of ethanol, either in lipid emulsions administered intraduodenally or in liquid diets given by gastric tube, increased the flow of intestinal lymph and the output of proteins and dietary lipids into the lymph, mainly in the 1st hr after administration. During this time, the intraduodenal administration of ethanol (0.75 g per kg of body weight), without exogenous lipids, increased the flow of lymph without changing the lymph lipid output. Stimulation of the lymph flow with neostigmine or by increasing the fluid load also enhanced the output of lymph proteins and the transport of exogenous lipids from the intestinal lumen into the lymph. To study the chronic effects of ethanol, rats were pair-fed liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of calories) or isocaloric carbohydrate for 3 to 4 weeks. Thereafter, the lymph changes were measured after administration of equal lipid loads with and without ethanol. The administration of an acute ethanol dose to rats chronically fed alcohol moderately increased the lymph flow, but did not change the output of dietary lipids. Furthermore, rats chronically fed alcohol responded to a dietary challenge devoid of ethanol with increases in both lymph flow and dietary lipid output which were not as great as those of pair-fed controls. Thus, acute ethanol administration has a marked stimulatory effect both on the formation of intestinal lymph and on the transport of deitary fat. By contrast, chronic ethanol feeding inhibits these acute effects of ethanol, and, in addition, appears to have moderate inhibitory effect on lipid absorption.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship of the antitumor action of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone to the sequence of their administration and to the intervals between administrations in methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis in mice].

The relationship of the antitumor action of cyclophosphamide combined with prednisolone and sequence of and intervals between administrations was studied in C57Bl/bj mice at methylcholanthrene cancerogenesis. Administrations of the drugs was started from the 50th day of cancerogenesis. The best results were obtained in an experiment where the first cycloion of prednisolone. Under these circumstances half of the animals did not develop tumours. Meanwhile the tumours that arose had low tempoes of the growth and tumour-bearing animals showed the longest life span. With an increase in the interval between prednisolone treatment onset and cyclophosphamide injection, the therapeutic effect of the combination declined that was manifested by all the parameters. An opposite effect was recorded in chronic administration of prednisolone following preliminary injections of cyclophosphamide. An increase in the interval between administration of the drugs enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the combination.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intermittent chemotherapy from the beginning or only after a period of daily administration? Quantitative bacteriological study at the initial phase of chemotherapy with INH + RMP + EMB in daily or intermittent administration].

A number of 75 adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis positive at microscopy and in cultures) were randomly selected for one of the following therapeutical regimens, administered under close surveillance in hospital during 3 months: --INH5 mg/kg body weight+RMP10 mg/kg body weight+EMB25 mg/kg body weight daily; --INH15 mg/kg body weight+RMP10 mg/kg body weight+EMB40 mg/kg body weight, intermitent administration (2/7). Disappearance of the Mycobacterium from the sputum was studied quantitatively both by microscopy and in cultures; the sputum samples were collected in the morning three days running every week during the period of 13 weeks surveillance. Processing of the results showed that in the material studied the initial intermittent administration of the drugs was just as efficient as daily administration irrespective of the criterion used for comparison (moment of negativation, rate of disappearance of the Mycobacterium and/or proportion of negative cases, dynamics of the decrease in the number of bacilli eliminated in the course of the treatment, regression of the radiologic alterations).

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Administration of antibiotics in combination. Determination of antibacterial effectivity of blood serum and urine after simultaneous administration of macrolides and tetracyclines.

The authors deal with antibacterial effectivity of blood serum and urine in simultaneous administration of macrolids and tetracyclines under in vivo conditions, using Staphylococcus aureus strains. The obtained results suggest that pharmacodynamic effect, i.e., higher effective concentration, is induced in some combinations of these preparations. It was found mainly after the administration of the combinations of erythromycin 250 mg + doxycycline 200 mg in all the chosen reference strains S. a. The results have also shown that the combination of erythromycin with tetracycline has a higher effect when an erythromycin-resistant strain is used than when using a strain resistant to tetracycline.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1979

[Enzyme arrangement of various tissues in swine. 1. Studies of the effect of 32 hours of fasting, administration of actinomycin D, and fasting in combination with administration of actinomycin D on crude protein level, activities of GOT, GTP, fructose-1,6-diphoaphatase as well as ATPase of liver, kidneys and semitendinous muscle in newborn piglets].

The effects of sufficient milk intake as well as of 32 hours of fasting after birth, administration of actinomycin D (intraperitoneal application of 1 mg/kg five weight), and fasting in combination with actinomycin D on the development of body and liver weights, crude protein levels in homogenate and supernatant of liver, kidneys, and M. semitendinosus as well as on the activities of certain tissue enzymes were analysed with four groups of piglets (n = 4). Fasting, administration of actinomycin, and fasting in combination with actinomycin D resulted in rapid reduction in body and liver weights, while the crude protein levels in those tissues were not affected with significance. GOT and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activities in supernatant from liver tended to decline under fasting conditions. The ATPase activity in the homogenate of the above tissues did not change in response to differentiated treatment.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1979

Changes in polyamine metabolism of rat liver after administration of D-galactosamine. Favorable effects of putrescine administration on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury.

There are many reports showing a close relation between polyamine metabolism and tissue growth or recovery of damaged tissues, such as regenerating liver. Thus, changes in polyamine metabolism in the livers from rats treated with D-galactosamine, an inducer of experimental hepatitis, were studied. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase started to increase 14 hr after administration of galactosamine and reached 30 times the normal activity at about 25 hr, the time of maximum severity of hepatitis. The content of putrescine increased to about 10 times the control value. After increases in the putrescine content and ornithine decarboxylase activity, the hepatitis started to diminish. Increases in the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and the content of spermidine were observed 33-37 hr after administration of galactosamine. The maximum values of these parameters, which were significantly higher than the control values, were observed after the healing process had started.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗

PubMed1976

Effect of unit dose and route of administration on self-administration of morphine.

Rats were implanted with intravenous or intragastric cannulas and allowed to self-administer morphine sulfate in doses of 0 (saline), 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/infusion. For the intravenous route the number of infusions decreased with increasing unit dose, while the amount self-administered was directly related to unit dose. However, for the intragastric route the number of infusions first increased and then decreased as unit dose was elevated, while the amount self-administered again increased with unit dose. Comparisons between routes showed that for intragastric subjects the number of infusions and amount self-administered both were lower at the two lowest doses but higher for all other doses. These results support the expectation that intravenous injection should produce more potent reinforcing effects than intragastric administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Action of acebutolol on heart rate and FEV1 in asthmatic patients. Single intravenous administration and long term oral administration].

In 7 asthmatic patients, intravenous injection of acebutolol resulted in a slowing of the heart rate by blocking the cardiac beta-receptors. An aerosol of isoprenaline, which accelerated the heart, is without effect after intravenous injection of acebutolol. On the contrary, isoprenaline caused similar changes in the FEV1 before and after acebutolol injection in the same patients. This effect confirms the slight action of the compound on the beta2-adrenergic receptors. Prolonged oral administration did not cause any adverse clinical effects in 6 asthmatic patients.

Acebutolol↗

PubMed1978

Studies on brain lesion by administration of monosodium L-glutamate to mice. I. Brain lesions in infant mice caused by administration of monosodium L-glutamate.

Light-microscopic examination was performed on the brain lesions induced by monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) in neonatal and infant mice of ICR strain. Lesions characterized as cytoplasmic balooning, chromatin clumping, pyknosis and karyorrhexis of neurons were recognized in the arcuate nucleus (AN), subfornical organ, preoptic area, area postrema and cerebral cortex. The most vulnerable region was the AN in which the region near the root of the median eminence was easily damaged. The changes in the AN were severest in 7-day-old mice, but only slight in 20-day-old mice. Thresholds of inducing AN lesions in 10-day-old mice after intraperitoneal injection and force-tube feeding were 0.4 and 0.7-0.8 g/kg body weight, respectively. The threshold of retinal changes was about 2.5-fold that of AN in force-tube feeding. In neonatal mice injected daily with 4 g MSG/kg body weight, the neurons of the AN disappeared almost completely by the 4th day of intraperitoneal administration.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1979

Passive-active immunity from hepatitis B immune globulin. Reanalysis of a Veterans Administration cooperative study of needle-stick hepatitis. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group.

The mechanism of action of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and immune serum globulin was sought in a reanalysis of a Veterans Administration cooperative study on needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive blood. Sera from 296 exposed persons were tested for HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by radioimmunoassay. Type B hepatitis developed in three HBIG (2%) and in 12 ISG (8%) recipients. In contrast, subclinical infection (development of HBsAg or anti-HBs and anti-HBc without symptoms or jaundice) developed in 16 HBIG (10%) but only six immune serum globulin (4%) recipients. Thus, infection occurred equally in both groups but was more likely to be subclinical in HBIG recipients, indicating that HBIG permitted development of passive-active immunity to type B hepatitis. An additional 53 immune serum globulin recipients (36%) but only one HBIG recipient developed anti-HBs alone, without hepatitis, HBsAg, or anti-HBc. This response was more compatible with immunization by HBsAg than with infection. Ultracentrifugation analysis revealed occult HBsAg in the immune serum globulin but not the HBIG, indicating that some immune serum globulin preparations contain HBsAg and can induce active immunity to type B hepatitis.

Hepatitis B↗

PubMed1976

[Morphological and histochemical characteristics of the organism's reaction to administration of Cl botulinum toxin. IV. Cytochemical changes in the cells of the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve following administration of Cl. botulinum type B toxin].

After the administration to guinea pigs per os of 1 Dlm of botulin toxin, type B, a change of the RNA synthesis in the nucleoli and DNA depolymerization in the nuclei was observed in some of the cells of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. An increase in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase and of acid phosphatase coursed without any necrotic processes in the cells. Basing upon the changes in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus a conclusion was drawn that hypoxia began to develop at the period of appearance of paralyses of the limbs and reached its maximum in myasthenia.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1979

[Pharmacokinetics and results of clinical administration of CS-1170. II. Results of clinical administration of CS-1170 (author's transl)].

The intravenous preparation of CS-1170 was administered in 9 cases of pediatric disease and was excellent or good in 5 cases (55.6%). It was poor in 3 of 4 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia. We think that the dose of 50 mg/kg/day can exert an effect regardless of the intensity of symptoms. Through our present experiences with the excellent or good cases, an intravenous drip or intratracheal injection for 3 approximately 5 days is effective. Although there was no abnormality in the biochemistry or electrolyte findings before or after administration, eruption developed in one of the cases in which the drug was administered for 6 days.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1975