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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Heparitin sulfates (heparan sulfates) of atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeon aortas.

Electrophoretic mobilities of heparitin sulfates (HS) from the thoracic aorta and the celiac bifurcation of atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons at four ages were examined. Atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau aortas contain, in addition to their normal HS component, a variant type of HS (HS') in pre, early- and moderately-atherosclerotic celiac foci which is not found in the thoracic regions of either breed or in Show Racer celiac foci at any age. These findings are interpreted to suggest a role of HS' in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to propose an explanation for atherosclerotic susceptibility and resistance in pigeons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Yolk lipids of developing atherosclerosis susceptible White Carneau and atherosclerosis resistant Show Racer pigeon embryos.

The lipid composition of yolks of developing embryonic atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau (WC) and -resistant Show Racer (SR) pigeons was analyzed to determine whether embryonic nutrition might be a factor in the difference in susceptibility to aortic atherosclerosis. The yolks of 1-day and 18-day old embryos were analyzed, and the amounts of phospholipid, sterol, non-esterified fatty acid, triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and hydrocarbon were determined. On the first day of development in both breeds, triglycerides composed 80% of the total lipid content of the yolk; phospholipids, cholesteryl ester, sterols and non-esterified fatty acids comprised the rest. There was no difference between breeds in the amount of lipid in each class or in the total lipid. Therefore, the initial lipid diet of these embryos is not a factor in development of the disease. Examination of the yolk just prior to hatching, revealed that in both breeds there was a significant decrease in total yolk lipids, but unequal utilization of lipid constitutents between breeds. Significantly higher amounts of phospholipids remained in the yolk of the WC pigeons. During embryogenesis, the SR pigeons consumed significantly more of each lipid than the atherosclerosis-susceptible breed. This may indicate that there is a difference between the two breeds in lipid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[General hemodynamic features in the cerebral circulatory disorders of patients with atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis combined with arterial hypertension accompanied by heart rhythm disorders].

Parameters of the general and cerebral hemodynamics were examined in 45 patients with cerebral circulation disturbances developed in the presence of atherosclerosis (30 patients) and atherosclerosis plus arterial hypertension with cardiac arrhythmias (15 patients) and without the latter (72 patients). The examinations were carried out with the use of the Evans blue dilution method (T-1824) and rheoencephalography. Shifts in the general and the cerebral hemodynamics were revealed in the patients with and without cardiac arrhythmias, these shifts being more pronounced in patients with atherosclerosis complicated with the heart ischemic disease and cardiac arrhythmia. In the course of complex treatment which included cardiotonics and beta-adrenoblocking agents the parameters of the general hemodynamics got better along with the clinical improvement.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1978

Serum lipoprotein profiles of young atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons.

1. Newly-hatched atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons (Columba livia) had significantly lower (P less than 0.01) alpha/beta serum lipoprotein ratios than 6-week, 3-month, or 6-month old pigeons of the corresponding breed, as determined by densitometric analysis of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic profiles. 2. Differences in alpha/beta serum lipoprotein ratios were not observed between the two breeds at any age studied.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

The role of blood and platelets in atherosclerosis and the complications of atherosclerosis.

There appear to be at least three ways in which the blood, and particularly the platelets, may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications: 1. In the mechanism causing endothelial injury and the response of the smooth muscle cells to vessel injury. 2. Through the formation of persistent mural thrombi which are organized into intimal thickenings. 3. Through the formation of thrombi in association with advanced atherosclerosis that may be either (a) mural thrombi which fragment and shower the distal circulation with platelet emboli or (b) occlusive thrombi.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1978

[Coronary atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction in autopsy cases. 8th communication: Relationship of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

The autopsy reports of the Pathological Institute Erfurt of the period from 1.1.1951 until 31.12.1969 were scored for cases of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction and analysed concerning frequency and distribution of age and sex, resp. In 89.05 per cent (2131 cases) of all myocardial infarctions a coronary sclerosis was present. Males suffered significantly more frequent from these forms of ischaemic heart disease. During the period of nineteen years a significant increase of the coronary atherosclerosis in combination with a myocardial infarction was observed. This is due to the more frequent occurrence of severe forms. The increase of the frequency of the myocardial infarctions and of the weak and moderately coronary sclerosis particularly concerns the younger age groups. Callous infarcts were more frequent than fresh and relapsing ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Coronary atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction in autopsy cases. 1st communication: Preliminary investigations: atherosclerosis of the aorta and the large arteries (author's transl)].

28978 autopsy reports of young (after the 14th year of age) and adult patients autopsied during the period from 1.1 1951 until 31. 12 1969 were scored for atherosclerotic changes of the aorta and the large arteries. The informations were transferred to punched cards and processed with electronic data equipment. The methods of the statistical evaluation are described. 52.96 per cent of the cases revealed an aortic atherosclerosis. 17.96 per cent showed an atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries, 31.16 per cent of the cases had atherosclerotic changes of the kidneys. All groups of diseases showed an increase during the observation period. No sex differences were detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental atherosclerosis. Part 4. Inhibition of atherosclerosis in vivo and thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in vitro.

Groups of New Zealand white male rabbits were fed atherogenic diets containing 1% cholesterol. The diets of experimental groups were supplemented additionally with either aspirin, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, oxyphenylbutazone or aminopyrine. Blood cholesterol and phospholipids were measured at 3--4 week intervals. After 12 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the severity of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta was measured. In separate experiments, rabbit platelets were incubated with each of the drugs individually and conversion of [14C]arachidonic acid to thromboxanes and related compounds was assayed. Inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by each drug was also measured. All drugs inhibited thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in varying degrees with flufenamate and aspirin being most and aminopyrine least effective. The pattern of metabolite formation from [14C]arachidonate was consistent with a block in the cyclooxygenase reaction. Phenylbutazone, flufenamic acid and oxyphenylbutazone produced significant reductions in atherosclerotic plaque formation without major changes in blood cholesterol levels or blood cholesterol--phospholipid ratios. Aspirin and aminopyrine were ineffective. The results indicate that the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs as inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis and platelet aggregation in vitro does not afford a sufficient predictive index of their anti-atherogenicity in vivo. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the possible involvement of cyclooxygenase derivatives in atherogenesis.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1976

[Coronary atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis and myocardial in autopsy cases. Statistical studies. 3rd communication: relationship of coronary atherosclerosis of other arteries (author's transl)].

28978 autopsy reports of young (after the 14th year of age) and adult patients autopsied during the period of 1.1 1951 until 31. 12. 1969 were scored for atherosclerotic changes of the aorta and other arteries. The association of changes of these vessels and coronary sclerosis was studied. All groups of atherosclerotic changes showed an increase during the observation period. The cases with sclerotic changes of the aorta and the other arteries also showed an increase, especially those in combination with severe coronary sclerosis. 6.15 per cent of all cases showed a coronary sclerosis without further lesions of other vessels. Corresponding to the results of other authors we observed that in cases of atherosclerotic changes of several arteries mostly a atherosclerosis of all other vessels has to be taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seasonal variations in the susceptibility of the aortic wall to atherosclerosis. Biochemical studies of glycosaminoglycans and collagen of rabbit atherosclerosis.

The aortic content of glycosaminoglycans and collagen as well as the uptake of [125 I] albumin were studied in 53 male albino rabbits during hair-shedding and outside the period of hair-shedding to elucidate the previously reported resistance to experimental arteriosclerosis during the shedding period [1]. The concentration of hyaluronic acid was highest during hair shedding, decreasing towards the non-shedding period. The content of dermatan sulphate, chondroitin-4, 6-sulphate and hydroxyproline was lowest during sheeding and highest outside the sheeding period. Accordingly, the incorportation of [35 S] sulphate in chondroitin -4, 6-sulphate and the dermatan plus heparan sulphate fraction was increased outside shedding, consistent with a stimulated synthesis. The concentration of hyaluronic acid was negatively correlated to the uptake of [125I] albumin, and the dermatan sulphate content was positively correlated to the content of hydroxyproline. The higher concentration of hyaluronic acid during the period of shedding may improve the elastic properties as well as the ability of the aortic wall to absorbe the haemodynamic strain involved in the vascular injury of this type of experimental arteriosclerosis [2]. The decrease in the concentration of hyaluronic acid simultaneously with an increase in the aortic content of collagen as well as of chondroitin-4, 6-sulphate and dermatan sulphate may imply a greater stiffness of the aorta resulting in a higher susceptibility to injury. The relationship between hyaluronic acid and [125 I] albumin is consistent with an importance of hyaluronic acid to the susceptibility of the arterial wall to deposition of macromolecules such as the lipids. Our observations represent an example of endogenous conditioned variations in the aortic content of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline accompanied by a variation in the susceptibility to experimental arteriosclerosis.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-related interrelationships of blood pressure and arterial sterol accumulation in spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons.

Interrelationships of arterial sterol accumulation and blood pressures were examined in age-matched White Carneau and Show Racer pigeons. It was found that the systolic blood pressure of White Carneaux changed from 155.0 mm Hg at nine months of age to 168.8 mm Hg at 17 months of age (P less than 0.005) while that of the Show Racers did not show any age-related increases. In White Carneaux, the total sterol content in the aorta increased by 43.6% from 9 months to 17 months of age (P less than 0.001) with major changes in the steryl ester fraction while no such changes were evident in the Show Racers. This indicates interrelationships of the arterial sterol content and blood pressure in the White Carneau pigeon.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral atherosclerosis in Japanese. Part 4: relationship between lipid content and macroscopic severity of atherosclerosis.

In order to evaluate chemically the macroscopic scoring methods for severity of arteriosclerosis in the cerebral arteries, concentrations of total lipids, esterified and free cholesterol and lipid phosphorus were compared to the macroscopic severity of lesions in the cerebral arteries obtained from 376 Japanese persons after unexpected death. An increase of cholesterol content was correlated significantly with an increase of Baker's score and/or Gore's atherosclerotic index. The correlation coefficient between Baker's score and total or esterified cholesterol was the highest among the tested correlations (r = 0.82, n = 376).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum and aortic lipid profiles in spontaneous and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in Rhesus monkeys.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins and various lipid fractions in the aorta were compared in spontaneously-occurring and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis of rhesus monkeys. A group of 30 normal monkeys were also studied. Serum cholesterol, total phospholipid and triglyceride values in spontaneous atherosclerosis were similar to normal, but were significantly elevated in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Fractionation of the major phospholipids in animals with spontaneous atherosclerosis showed increased PC with decreased LPC and SP + LPE, while PE was elevated and SP + LPE diminished in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Beta-lipoproteins were markedly increased in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, but remained normal in spontaneous atherosclerosis. Among the aortic lipid, PC and PE were significantly elevated in spontaneous atherosclerosis, but in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis all the neutral lipids were raised, together with a specific rise of PC and decrease of SP + LPE. These observations tend to indicate that the mechanism of atherosclerosis production in the two states greatly varies.

Animals↗