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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Dependence of the viability and mutability of Escherichia coli K-12 cells on the balance of DNA and protein syntheses. II. The effect of disturbance in the balance of DNA and protein syntheses on the cellular mutability and viability of rec+ and rec- strains treated with nalidixic acid].

The changes in the survival and mutagenesis of rec+ and rec- Escherichia coli K-12 strains, treated with the selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nalidixic acid, are found to be due to the processes of the stabilization and repair of the metabolic gaps in DNA chains, which depend on the balance of DNA and protein synthesis. The various character is observed of the relation between the survival and the mutagenesis and the balance of DNA and protein syntheses in cells which are valuable (rec+) and defective (rec-) for the processes of DNA repair.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Acid-base balance during laparoscopy. The effects of intraperitoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide on acid-base balance during controlled ventilation.

During laparoscopy the carbon dioxide used to achieve a pneumoperitoneum is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity into the blood. The object of the present study was to clarify certain aspects concerned with anesthetic and ventilatory techniques, mostly in connection with the comparison between the effects of insufflation of either carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide. Anesthesia included ventilation with a volume controlled ventilator in curarised patients. Respiratory volumes were calculated according to the patient's body area. The results show a sharp rise in PaCO2 and a fall in pH after intraperitoneal insufflation with carbon dioxide, while no changes were observed when nitrous oxide was used. The clinical consequences of these findings are discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance.

Calcium balance as a function of both intake and absorption of calcium fromthe diet was measured 274 times in 168 normal perimenopausal women, and comparisons made between groups of women segregated according to menopausal and estrogen therapy status. As previously reported, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between calcium balance and both calcium intake and calcium absorption. In 207 studies in premenopausal women calcium balance averaged -0.0199 gm/day, whereas in 41 studies in postmenopausal women untreated with estrogen, calcium balance averaged -0.043 gm/day (p less than 0.02). The balance difference was due approximately equally to decreased absorption from the diet and to increased urinary excretion. Twenty-six estrogen-treated postmenopausal women exhibited balance performance indistinguishable from that of the premenopausal group. In 16 women who were studied twice, 5 years apart, and who went through menopause between studies, calcium balance shifted by -0.0307 gm/day (p less than 0.05) as compared with 72 women also studied twice, but without change in menstrual status, in whom mean balance did not change significantly. Calcium intake requirement for zero balance was calculated for both the estrogen-replete and estrogen-deprived groups. Premenopausal and treated postmenopausal women exhibited an intake requirement of 0.990 gm/day Ca, whereas the untreated postmenopausal women had an apparent requirement of 1.504 gm/day (p less than 0.01). We conclude that there is a specific, estrogen-related shift in calcium performance across menopause and that the reason for the positive effect of estrogen on balance and intake requirement is a combination of enhancement of intestinal absorption efficiency and improved renal calcium conservation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Nitrogen balance during intermittent dialysis therapy of uremia.

Daily measurements of nitrogen balance were made at two levels of protein intake in five patients undergoing chronic intermittent dialysis therapy. During ingestion of high (1.4 g/kg of body wt) protein intake, nitrogen balance was positive on nondialysis days and negative on dialysis days, so that cumulative balance for the week of study was not different from zero. During ingestion of low (0.5 g/kg) protein intake, nitrogen balance was approximately zero on nondialysis days but was again negative on dialysis days, so that cumulative balance for this period was negative. The negative nitrogen balance observed on dialysis days was associated with a higher rate of urea nitrogen generation (Gu, g/24 hr, determined by a kinetic model of urea nitrogen in dialysis patients) that was most evident in the hours immediately following dialysis. Net protein catabolic rate (PCR, g/24 hr), derived from total nitrogen mass balance equations, correlated very closely with Gu:Gu = 0.154 PCR - 1.7, r = 0.96. This relationship agreed well with previous observations made in nondialyzed uremic patients under more steady-state conditions. These studies demonstrate that nitrogen balance is negative on dialysis days regardless of protein intake, and that Gu is higher on dialysis days. The negative nitrogen balance could result from amino acid loss in dialysate and from increased protein catabolism stimulated by loss of glucose into dialysate.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Changes in nitrogen balance of depleted patients with increasing infusions of glucose.

Depleted patients were maintained on intravenous infusions of amino acids and glucose with constant N intake (173 mg/kg body weight), and three different levels of energy intake (15.4, 37.6, and 58.5 kcal/kg) given sequentially for 4 days each. Changes in N balance were abrupt and maximal in 1 to 2 days. Maximal changes in N balance preceded, and were not dependent on maximal changes in fat and glucose metabolism. N retention increased 1.7 mg/kcal of increased energy balance, during both hypocaloric and hypercaloric intakes, a value similar to that observed in normal adults. No increase in resting energy expenditure occurred with increasing energy intake during negative energy balance. During positive energy balance resting energy expenditure increased by 1 kcal for each 5 of intake. It seems likely that increasing energy restores mainly that portion of lean body mass associated with fat deposition; and rapid restoration of lean body mass requires high N intakes. At zero energy balance, N balance in these depleted patients was only slightly positive at an intake of 173 mg N per kilogram. This is about twice the intake of N required to maintain zero N balance in normal adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of verticality perception on body balance in normal subjects.

The relation between verticality perception and body balance as influenced by perceptual style, age, and sex was investigated in 100 subjects. Perceptual style was measured by the Rod and Frame Test. Body balance data were obtained by two electromechanical force plates. The results of the measurements of perceptual style indicated that the younger groups were more accurate in estimating verticality than the older groups and that men were more accurate than women. With regard to the body balance shift data, however, no significant differences relative to age, sex, or perceptual style were found. The rejection of the hypothesis concerning body balance shift was interpreted in terms of the dominant influence of proprioceptive cues over visual cues in maintaining body balance. In normal standing activities, as long as the neuromuscular system is intact, conflicting stimuli from the visual field appear to have little effect on modifying body balance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of hemodilution with albumin or Ringer's lactate on water balance and blood use in open-heart surgery.

To determine the effect of intraoperative albumin administration on blood use, water balance, and postoperative clinical course, we studied two groups of adult cardiac surgical patients. Group I (30 patients) received 25 gm of albumin during withdrawal of 2 units of blood prior to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 50 gm of albumin in the oxygenator prime. Group II (32 patients) received no albumin prior to the end of CPB. No difference in clinical course could be identified, nor was there a significant difference in blood use. Group I patients had lower hematocrit values intraoperatively from the time of blood withdrawal until the conclusion of operation. Coronary artery bypass operations were associated with greater positive water balance than were heat valve operations. Forty-three percent of the patients having coronary artery bypass grafting had a positive water balance greater than 5 liters, whereas 50% of those undergoing valve procedures had a balance less than 3 liters. We conclude that the principal effect of withholding albumin under these circumstances is to increase net positive water balance. The greater positive water balance does not appear to be detrimental.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Balanced Fluid or 0.9% Saline in Children Treated for Septic Shock.

BACKGROUND: Whether treatment with balanced crystalloid fluid leads to better outcomes than 0.9% saline in children treated for septic shock is debated. METHODS: In this pragmatic clinical trial conducted at 47 emergency departments in five countries, patients (2 months to <18 years of age) with suspected septic shock and abnormal perfusion were randomly assigned to receive fluid resuscitation with either balanced fluid or 0.9% saline for up to 48 hours. The primary outcome was a major adverse kidney event (a composite of death, new renal-replacement therapy, or persistent kidney dysfunction) at 30 days after enrollment or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. RESULTS: Of 9041 enrolled patients, 277 (6.1%) in the balanced-fluid group and 282 (6.2%) in the 0.9%-saline group withdrew from the trial, leaving 4235 and 4247 patients, respectively, for analysis. A primary-outcome event occurred in 137 patients (3.4%) in the balanced-fluid group and in 124 (3.0%) in the 0.9%-saline group (difference, 0.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 1.3; risk ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.85). The median number of hospital-free days during 28 days after enrollment was 23 (interquartile range, 19 to 25) in both groups. Hyperchloremia occurred in 868 patients (31.4%) in the balanced-fluid group and in 1383 (49.0%) in the 0.9%-saline group; hypernatremia in 52 (1.8%) and 89 (3.1%), respectively; and hyperlactatemia in 260 (19.8%) and 228 (16.7%). No differences in other safety outcomes or adverse events were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Among children treated for septic shock, no significant difference was seen in the incidence of death, new renal-replacement therapy, or persistent kidney dysfunction when fluid resuscitation was administered with balanced fluid as compared with 0.9% saline. (Funded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; PRoMPT BOLUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04102371.).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Human protein requirements: interrelationships between energy intake and nitrogen balance in young men consuming the 1973 FAO/WHO safe level of egg protein, with added non-essential amino acids.

Our recent studies have shown that the 1973 FAO/WHO "safe level of intake" of egg protein (0.57 g/kg/day) is inadequate for maintaining protein nutritional status in young men receiving generous energy intakes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine nitrogen (N) balance and the energy intake needed to support it when supplementary N, equivalent to 0.23 g of protein (N X 6.25)/kg/day from a nonessential amino acid mixture, was added to a diet containing 0.57 g of egg protein/kg/day. Four young men, 20 to 21 years old, participated in the 58- to 79-day metabolic N balance study. This group required significantly lower energy intakes to maintain N balance than a previously studied group fed only 0.57 g of egg protein under identical conditions. The energy intakes predicted to maintain N balance were approximately 10 to 15% less than the requirements estimate from body weight and N balance data. Present results, although based on a limited number of subjects, suggest that total N may be the limiting factor in short-term N balance at the 1973 FAO/WHO egg protein intake level for a significant proportion of young adult male populations. Long-term metabolic studies will be necessary before the practical significance of the observations can be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nitrogen balance studies in humans: long-term effect of high nitrogen intake on nitrogen accretion.

Six healthy young adult male participants were confined to a metabolic ward for 105 days. Two nutritionally adequate purified diets providing 12 and 36 g of nitrogen per day were randomized in two metabolic periods of approximately 50 days each. The objective of this study was to verify whether or not positive nitrogen balance is a concomitant of increased nitrogen intake under the most rigorously controlled conditions, and if so, whether adaptation could occur if the experiment was conducted for sufficiently long periods of time. The mean nitrogen balance was slightly negative for most participants when fed the 12 g N diet. However, individual variability was so large that statistically all the participants can be considered in balance. In view of this, we agree with other investigators who have suggested that balance should be considered as an area which takes into account variabilities such as intake, output and biological factors. On the 36 g N diet, all the participants exhibited strong positive balances, about 1.6 g/day, which were not as high as reported by other investigators but which persisted for as long as they were fed this diet. This positive balance could not seem to be explained on the basis of methodological errors or to any unmeasured nitrogen losses. There was no significant trend towards adaptation as claimed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

[Caloric balance in full-term healthy infants in relation to the composition of various milk formulas].

In available literature the results of calorie balance studies carried out systematically during the whole first year of life have not been found. As the knowledge of energy metabolism in infants is still insufficient the longitudinal calorie balance studies of healthy infants as well as of infants with various alimentary tract disorders, and these born with low body weight were undertaken. In this paper the results of calorie balance studies in 15 healthy, full-term and full-size infants are presented. A three-day calorie balance investigations were carried out once a month after 5-10 days of adaptation to the diet. Caloric values of really consumed food, the quantity of calories excreted in faces and urine was determined in the ballistic calorimetric bomb using the method of Miller and Payne. The infants were divided into three groups according to the composition of the test formulas, which were given for the first six months of life. From the third week of life all infants were given juices and vitamins, from the fourth month vegetable soup. In the second semester of life all the infants were fed the same standard diet according to the scheme of artificial feeding in Poland. The test standard diet according to the scheme of artificial feeding in Poland. The test formulas were isocaloric and they differed mainly with protein quantity as well as fat quantity and quality: in two formulas the cow's milk fat was totally replaced with soya oil. The main parameters of calorie balance--calorie intake, calorie excretion in feces and in urine, the metabolizable energy in kcal/kg b.w./24 hrs and as percent of calorie intake were estimated. the relation of gain in weight to calorie intake and caloric efficiency of milk formulas used was counted. The results were presented in tables and figures. In the discussion the relationship between some parameters of calorie balance were evaluated, particularly the relation between calorie intake and gain in weight. According to the data from literature the caloric efficiency of formulas containing vegetable oils is higher than of the formulas containing unmodified cow's milk fat and the daily gain in weight of infants fed fat modified formulas is better. In our investigations there were no differences in the caloric efficiency of formulas used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed2026

The Effect of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Balance, Gait and Kinesiophobia in Individuals With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is well established for post-stroke gait rehabilitation, but its potential effects on psychological and behavioral outcomes are less clear. This study investigated the effects of adding RAGT to conventional rehabilitation on balance, gait, kinesiophobia, and movement confidence in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. METHODS: This single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 60 individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis (50-75&#xa0;years), randomly allocated to an RAGT group (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;30) or control group (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;30). Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Yeni Y&#xfc;zy&#x131;l University (Approval No. 20.01.2022/05; approval date: 20 January 2022). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation for 8&#xa0;weeks; the RAGT group additionally received 24 sessions of RAGT. Kinesiophobia was a prespecified study outcome assessed using the Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS); balance, gait, and balance confidence were also assessed. All 60 randomized participants completed follow-up and were analyzed in their assigned groups. RESULTS: Significant group&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;time interactions were observed for several outcomes, including BBS, TUG duration, 10MWT walking speed, ABC, and KCS total score (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The between-group difference in change for KCS total score was -0.36 (95% CI: -0.51 to -0.21; partial eta squared&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.292). In post hoc analyses adjusting each outcome for its baseline value, significant group effects remained for BBS, TUG duration, 10MWT walking speed, ABC, KCS biological domain, and KCS total score (p< = 0.031), whereas 10MWT step count and the KCS psychological domain were no longer statistically significant. DISCUSSION: Adding RAGT to conventional rehabilitation was associated with greater improvements in several balance, mobility, walking-speed, balance-confidence, and kinesiophobia outcomes compared with conventional rehabilitation alone. These findings suggest potential additional physical and psychological benefits of incorporating RAGT into post-stroke rehabilitation. However, because the RAGT group received greater overall treatment exposure, the observed between-group differences cannot be attributed solely to the robotic component. The principal contribution of this study is the concurrent evaluation of kinesiophobia and movement confidence alongside physical outcomes.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

High-altitude hypoxia alters the visual control of standing balance in lowlanders and Tibetan highlanders.

High-altitude hypoxia affects both visual function and postural control, yet the influence of optic-flow perturbations on standing balance under hypoxic stress remains unclear. Tibetan highlanders (TH) exhibit adaptations to chronic hypoxia, but whether their visually driven postural responses differ from those of lowlanders (LL) has not been investigated. We examined how high-altitude exposure and acclimatization influence static and dynamic visual contributions to balance by delivering sinusoidal optic-flow perturbations in virtual reality at low altitude (1,400 m) and after incremental ascent to high altitude (4,300 m) in acclimatizing LL (n = 15) and TH (n = 14). Anteroposterior center of pressure (AP CoP) velocity and mean power frequency (MPF) were measured during three visual-field conditions (full-, central-, and peripheral-vision) and two optic-flow velocities (peak 1 m/s and 8 m/s at 0.25 Hz). At high altitude, both groups showed attenuated responses to optic flow compared with 1,400 m, reflected by reduced AP CoP velocity and lower MPF across visual-field conditions, consistent with reduced responsiveness to dynamic visual-motion cues under high altitude hypoxia. In contrast, during eyes-open quiet stance [no virtual reality (VR)], TH but not LL exhibited increased AP CoP velocity and MPF at 4,300 m, and no altitude effect was observed with eyes-closed in either group. This finding indicates that TH adopt a visually dependent postural strategy at altitude, whereas LL show minimal changes in static visual balance control but reduced responsiveness to fast dynamic motion. Together, these findings demonstrate that high-altitude hypoxia disrupts dynamic visual processing for balance control in both groups, while revealing group differences in the use of static visual cues during quiet stance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate how high-altitude hypoxia alters visually driven postural control using virtual reality (VR) optic-flow perturbations. We show that hypoxia attenuates sway responses to optic-flow in both lowlanders and Tibetan highlanders, and that visual weighting differs between these groups. These findings reveal altitude- and population-related changes in sensory weighting during standing balance, advancing sensorimotor understanding of postural control in hypoxia.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Endogenous caloric sources and nitrogen balance: regulation in postoperative patients.

Twenty-three postoperative patients were divided into three groups to evaluate the peripheral vein administration of solutions containing glucose, amino acids, or glucose and amino acids. Serum insulin, glucose, and nitrogen balances were monitored in each patient. Serum insulin concentrations rose on the first postoperative day in all three groups, then fell to near preoperative levels by the third day after surgery. Negative nitrogen balance was most pronounced in patients recieving glucose only. Patients receiving only amino acids had a reduction in nitrogen balance, but some protein catabolism was present. The mean nitrogen balance in patients who received a combination of these solutions was positive on days one and two after surgery and slightly negative on the third postoperative day. These changes were not significantly better than the amino acid group. However, the combination group had 12 to 21 days of positive balance, as compared to seven of 20 days in the amino acid group. Since starvation adaptation accurs gradually, it is concluded that the simplest and safest way to reduce protein catabolism in the immediate postoperative period is by the peripheral intravenous administration of both glucose and amino acids.

Adaptation, Physiological↗