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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

Different behavioural patterns induced by apomorphine: evidence that the method of administration determines the behavioural response to the drug.

The behavioural effects of s.c. injected apomorphine was studied on habituated rats in a test-box designed to measure 8 different components of behaviour. Apomorphine, 1 mg/kg, induced two different behaviours: The "G-type" of behaviour characterized by compulsive gnawing and the "LS-type" of behaviour characterized by increased locomotion, sniffing and repetitive head and limb movements. G-type behaviour was induced when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the flank of the animal. LS-type behaviour was induced both when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the neck and when it was dissolved by heating together with a high concentration of ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml) and injected s.c. into the flank. G-type behaviour could not be elicited by changing the dose which induced LS-type behaviour or vice versa. We therefore conclude that these different behavioural effects of apomorphine were not dose--response effects but were elicited by at least two different synaptic mechanisms in the brain. Experimentally induced changes from one of these apomorphine-induced behaviours to another can therefore not merely be interpreted as a change in the intensity of the behavioural response as is done in e.g. commonly used stereotypy rating scales.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Predictors of smoking behaviour: an application of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour.

The aim of the present paper was to verify the basic assumptions underlying the theory of planned behaviour for the prediction of cigarette smoking intentions and behaviour among adults of the general population (study 1) and a group of pregnant women (study 2). Each study was developed based upon Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. In both studies, baseline data was collected at home with trained interviewers and with the use of paper and pencil questionnaires. The self-report on behaviour was obtained 6 months (study 1) and between 8 and 9 months (study 2) after baseline data collection. In study 1, for smokers, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and subjective norm were explaining intention, whereas perceived behavioural control and habit were the most important predictors of behaviour. In study 2, smoker's intentions was mainly under the influence of perceived behavioural control and attitude, whereas behaviour was predicted by perceived behavioural control only. The present studies suggest that promotional programmes should help smokers to know and develop their will-power regarding non-smoking of cigarettes and should be informed of the effort required in order to modify smoking behaviour.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Comparative effects of preoptic area infusions of opioid peptides, lesions and castration on sexual behaviour in male rats: studies of instrumental behaviour, conditioned place preference and partner preference.

The effects on the sexual behaviour of male rats of excitotoxic amino acid-induced lesions of the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamic area (mPOA/AHA), infusions of beta-endorphin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and naloxone into the mPOA/AHA, systemic naloxone and castration were compared using different behavioural paradigms. These included measures of unconditioned copulatory behaviour, instrumental responses for an oestrous female presented under a second-order schedule of reinforcement, conditioned place preference and partner preference. The results demonstrate that manipulations of the mPOA/AHA markedly affect consummatory aspects of sexual behaviour (mounting, intromitting and ejaculating) but tend not to affect appetitive or reward-related aspects of sexual behaviour, although intra-mPOA/AHA alpha MSH did result in a small increase in instrumental responses, while beta-endorphin infused into the mPOA/AHA also abolished preference for an oestrous over an anoestrous female. Systemic naloxone, on the other hand, reduced instrumental behaviour and a place preference conditioned by prior sexual interaction, while the same compound infused into the mPOA/AHA markedly facilitated copulatory responses but did not affect other measures of appetitive sexual responses. Castration caused an extremely rapid attenuation of conditioned place preference which was apparent before the males had experienced reductions in their copulatory performance. This treatment only slowly reduced partner preference. The results indicate that the use of several behavioural procedures can reveal discrete actions of neuroendocrine treatments on separable psychological processes which underly the integrated pattern of masculine sexual behaviour. In particular, they suggest that the mPOA/AHA is especially concerned with the copulatory responses of mounting and intromitting, but is much less important for a variety of appetitive sexual acts as well as sexual reward, as measured in the place preference procedure. The marked effects of castration on conditioned place preference taken together with the lack of effect of lesions of the mPOA/AHA on this measure indicate that testosterone affects sexual reward-related processes by an action at a site other than the mPOA/AHA. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

The putatively antipsychotic agent amperozide produces behavioural stimulation in the rat. A behavioural and biochemical characterization.

Amperozide (FG 5606; N-ethyl-4-[4',4'-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-piperazinecarboximide ) is a new putatively antipsychotic compound with a postulated 5-HT2 antagonistic profile. Somewhat surprisingly amperozide dose dependently induced a behavioural stimulation in reserpinized and in nonpretreated rats. The behaviour consisted of both forward and backward locomotion as well as forepaw circling and a grooming like behaviour. Since the behavioural pattern clearly differ from that produced by classical dopaminergic or serotonergic agonists (e.g. apomorphine or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, 8-OH-DPAT), and has not been previously reported, we decided to investigate the origin of this effect. In the behavioural paradigms it was not possible to antagonize the amperozide stimulation in reserpinized rats with the dopamine receptor blockers haloperidol, raclopride or R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine, SCH 23390. Neither the 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent ritanserin nor the tryptophan and tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor DL-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-alpha-propylacetamide, H22/54, could block the motoric stimulation or the forepaw circling behaviour produced by amperozide. However, the noradrenaline synthesis inhibitor bis-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)-disulfide, FLA 63, as well as the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine, could partly inhibit the locomotor stimulation. Hence, noradrenaline seems to be, at least in part, involved in the behavioural stimulatory effect of amperozide. Biochemically amperozide had no effect on the dopamine synthesis rate (DOPA formation) in normal or reserpinized animals in the striatal or the limbic brain regions. In reserpinized animals amperozide also failed to antagonize the decrease in DOPA formation after apomorphine and 3-hydroxy-benzylhydrazine HCl, NSD 1015, in these regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1979

Registration of feeding behaviour in rats by recording food approach behaviour.

A method is described in which food approach behaviour of rats is recorded to study feeding behaviour. Between rats, differences in food approach behaviour were observed. For each rat, food approach behaviour was constant over a long period of time. This allows conversion of approach behaviour data into quantified feeding behaviour. Examples of long-term feeding behaviour and of reproducibility of food intake are given.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Risk factors for aggressive behaviour are of limited value in predicting the violent behaviour of acute involuntarily admitted patients.

Violent behaviour within 8 and 28 days respectively was related by a multivariate statistical procedure to risk factors for aggressive behaviour in an epidemiologically representative sample of 105 acute involuntarily admitted patients. Previous violent behaviour by the patient was found to correlate significantly with aggressive behaviour during the first 8 days of admission, and abuse of drugs other than alcohol was found to correlate significantly with aggressive behaviour during the first 28 days of admission. Determination coefficients were very low, and it is concluded that risk factors associated with aggressive behaviour are of limited value in predicting aggressive behaviour among acute involuntarily admitted inpatients.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Induction of incubation behaviour in male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria): a behavioural analysis.

Male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) were treated with either progesterone or dexamethasone (a powerful ACTH inhibitor) and tested for incubation behaviour. Progesterone treatments shortened the latency of incubation response by facilitating nest-related pre-incubation behaviour patterns in the nest bowl and components of incubation behaviour. The accumulated rather than the daily dose level of progesterone injections appeared to be the determinant factor in mediating behavioural effects. Dexamethasone treatment at the dosage of 100 mug/day for 7 days inhibited the overall expression of male courtship behaviour. None of the dexamethasone-treated ring doves "sat" in 2 weeks. It is suggested that the hormonal and situational (non-hormonal) cues are not only important contributory factors but also complement one another in the induction of incubation behaviour.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effect of lesions of areas of brain--stimulation reward of one region of brain on operant behaviour for receiving electrical stimulation into sites of another region and on operant behaviour for food reward.

It was aimed to study the effects of lesions of a self-stimulation (SS) area of one region of brain on the SS of another region, and on feeding behaviour in adult Wistar rats (males). The two regions proposed for study were the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA). The objective was to elucidate whether each region had its own neural organization for SS behaviour or not, and whether the neural substrates of SS behaviour and feeding behaviour were one, or separate. Four bipolar electrodes were implanted bilaterally in LH and SN-VTA in each rat, and their SS pedal press rates for rewarding electrical stimulations were characterised. The rats were also trained in operant conditioning paradigm for receiving reward of food grains in FR-30 schedule. Their free-field food intake in home cages was measured. Later, electrolytic lesions of the four electrode sites were made one after another at 2-day intervals through the same biopolar electrodes. After each lesioning, the SS of the same and of the other electrode sites, and the operant performance of FR-30 food reward schedule, and daily free-field food intake (in home cage) were determined. Lesions of the LH SS site always disrupted SS-of contralateral LH but not of SN-VTA SS. Lesions of SN-VTA had not modified contralateral SN-VTA SS. A study of effects of ipsilateral lesions of LH SS site on SN-VTA SS, or of lesions of SN-VTA SS site on LH SS, revealed a range of changes, as were also effects on the FR-30 operant performance and daily food intake. Medium size lesions of SS area made in one region affected the SS of that area but not usually the SS of the other region. Large lesions of one region affected the SS of the other regions also. With large lesions, feeding behaviour also was affected, firstly of the operant type and secondly the free-field type.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Operant-behavioural and cognitive-behavioural treatment for chronic low back pain.

Fifty-eight outpatients with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to one of six experimental conditions. Four conditions were designated as treatment conditions and two as control conditions. The four treatment groups consisted of: cognitive treatment (either with or without relaxation training) and behavioural treatment (either with or without relaxation training). The cognitive and behavioural groups also received physiotherapy. The two control conditions consisted of: attention (physiotherapy plus discussion sessions) and no-attention (physiotherapy-only) conditions. All conditions, including the two controls, received the same physiotherapy back-education and exercise program. For the sample as a whole, improvements were obtained on measures of affective distress, functional impairment, medication use, pain-related dysfunctional cognitions and use of active coping strategies. These improvements were generally maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The combined psychological/physiotherapy treatment conditions improved significantly more than the physiotherapy-only conditions from pre to posttreatment on measures of pain intensity, self-rated functional impairment and pain-related dysfunctional cognitions. However, these differences were only weakly maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The behavioural conditions improved significantly more than the cognitive conditions from pre to posttreatment on the self-rated measure of functional impairment, but this difference was not maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Progressive relaxation training was found to make little contribution to either cognitive or behavioural treatments.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Rotational behaviour in rats with unilateral striatal kainic acid lesions: a behavioural model for studies on intact dopamine receptors.

Rotational behaviour can be induced in rats with unilateral kainic acid induced degeneration of the neostriatum and adjacent regions by means of dopaminergic drugs. Kainic acid lesioned rats, when challenged with apomorphine or the ergot compounds elymoclavine, lergotrile and bromocriptine, perform dose-related turning towards the lesioned side. Blockade of the rotations by a number of dopamine receptor antagonists indicates dopaminergic involvement. Since kainic acid treatment had previously been shown to reduce the number of dopamine receptors in the injected brain regions, ipsilateral turning behaviour elicited by dopaminergic drugs after these lesions seems to be due to intact receptors on the contralateral hemisphere. Comparison of rotation data from experiments at intact dopamine receptors with those from experiments at supersensitive dopamine receptors revealed: (1) A marked decrease of the threshold dose for induction of rotational behaviour in the 6-OHDA lesioned rats. This decrease is particularly pronounced for lergotrile and bromocriptine. (2) A higher peak activity of rotations in rats with supersensitive dopamine receptors. (3) A considerable increase in the slope values of logits plots following denervation of dopamine receptors. Thus, the present report suggests: (a) that a behavioural model for studies of drugs acting at intact dopamine receptors can be obtained by unilateral neostriatal kainate injections and (b) that development of dopaminergic supersensitivity involves increased affinity of the receptors for dopamine receptor agonists and an increase in the coupling to its biological effector mechanism.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. I. Hippocampal EEG correlates of gross motor behaviour.

It was shown that rewarding spectral shifts (i.e. increase in amplitude or peak frequency of the hippocampal EEG) causes a solitary dog to show increased motor behaviour. Rewarded spectral shifts concurred with a variety of behavioural transitions. It was found that statistically significant modulations occur in the spectral properties of the hippocampal EEG correlated with: (1) the transition from walking to standing; (2) the transition from standing while eating to walking away from the food dish; (3) the increase in speed of a walking dog, caused by rewarding the animal; and with (4) each head movement in a learned series of head movements. Thus behavioural transitions to a more active state are accompanied by an increase of amplitude, frequency and rhythmicity in the theta band of the hippocampal EEG; behavioural transitions to a less active state show the inverse relationship with the hippocampal EEG. A close relationship between modulations of the dog's hippocampal EEG activity and elementary motor acts is stressed. The hypothesis is put forward that the spectral properties of the hippocampal EEG reflect the degree to which a number of motor and sensory structures in the limbic midbrain and brain stem are active.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. III. Hippocampal EEG correlates of stimulus-response tasks and of sexual behaviour.

A dog was trained to perform a spatial sound discrimination. The hippocampal EEG correlates and the movement correlates of correct trials were compared with those of incorrect trials and of 'pressings in between'. Correct and wrong responses on a place learning task were compared both with respect to the hippocampal EEG correlates and to the motor behaviour. Where significant differences in EEG correlates were found, the motor behaviour differed significantly as well. The same was found for 2 behavioral states with different motor behavioural qualities which occurred during copulation. The data support the hypothesis that the spectral properties of the hippocampal EEG reflect in a predictable but non-specific way the intensity of motor behaviour. They question the postulated correlations between hippocampal EEG and 'internal processes', on the ground that unambiguous experimental verification of such hypothesis appears to be very difficult.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Rejection behaviour: a human homologue of the abnormal behaviour of Denny-Brown and Chambers' monkey with bilateral parietal ablation.

A unique behavioural syndrome in humans followed two separate strokes involving both parietotemporal regions. The behavioural alterations resemble those of Denny-Brown and Chambers' monkey with bilateral ablation of the parietal lobe which were characterised by strong withdrawal or refusal to be touched on the limbs and head. In both humans and animals, touch on the limbs or head elicited exaggerated withdrawal movements and refusal to be touched on the lips and tongue resulted in difficulty in feeding. These behavioural alterations can be interpreted as loss of exploratory activities towards extrapersonal space, or more positively, as rejection of contact with the environment. This rejection behaviour in which tactile, visual, and/or gustatory exploration tendencies are altered, is a counterpart of human frontal lobe syndrome and human Klüver-Bucy syndrome.

Aged↗

PubMed1978

Effects of anti-oestrogen treatment of neonatal male rats on lordosis behaviour and mounting behaviour in the adult.

Male rats were treated daily with 100 microgram of the anti-oestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) or oil during the first 10 days of life and tested for lordosis behaviour and mounting behaviour as intact adults, after castration and after castration and oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate treatment. The MER-25-treated rats showed higher levels of lordosis behaviour than oil-treated rats in all four treatment groups. Under each of these endocrine conditions, except after castration alone, the MER-25-treated rats showed a reduced capacity to ejaculate. Treatment of the neonatal rat with MER-25 reduced body weight in adulthood but did not change the weight of the accessory sexual glands, the testes, the number of cornified papillae on the glans penis or plasma testosterone concentrations during development. The response of the accessory sexual glands and cornified papillae on the glans penis to treatment with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate after castration in adulthood was unaffected by treatment with MER-25. It is suggested that formation of oestrogen in the neonatal male rat brain from testosterone in the circulation inhibits the capacity to show lordosis behaviour and facilitates the capacity to ejaculate in response to ejaculate in response to gonadal hormone treatment in adulthood.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropeptide Y and behaviour: effects of intrastriatal NPY on circling behaviour of rats.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family and consists of 36 amino acids, sharing sequence homologies with the putative gut hormone peptides YY and PP. NPY dose-dependently stimulates food intake when administered icv into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of rats. Icv NPY has also been reported to decrease locomotor activity, rearing and grooming behaviour. Little behavioural research focusing on other unconditioned behaviours has been conducted. However, intrastriatal injections of NPY have been shown to increase dopamine (DA) turnover there. As unilateral manipulations of central DA result in turning away from the side of higher DA activity, it is of interest to evaluate the effects of intrastriatal NPY on this behaviour. Preliminary results indicate that NPY produces a significant contralateral turning bias when injected directly into the striatum. This raises the intriguing possibility that contralateral turning induced by intrastriatal NPY may be mediated by DA.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

8-OH-DPAT specifically enhances feeding behaviour in mice: evidence from behavioural competition.

The behavioural specificity of the hyperphagic effects of 8-OH-DPAT is a controversial issue. The present study addressed this question through the introduction of behavioural competition. Feeding behaviour in male mice was assessed under both basal (free-feeding) and social conflict conditions. Since, in the latter condition, defence and escape are prepotent responses, elicitation of feeding would be indicative of a specific treatment effect on mechanisms controlling food intake. Results showed that 8-OH-DPAT enhanced basal feeding duration (at doses of 0.05-0.50 mg/kg) and also elicited feeding in intruder mice during encounters with aggressive resident conspecifics (at doses of 0.10-0.50 mg/kg). As the 5-HT3 antagonist GR38032F (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) enhanced feeding only under basal conditions, the effect of 8-OH-DPAT cannot readily be attributed to anxiety reduction. Finally, diazepam (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) produced a similar profile to that of 8-OH-DPAT, suggesting that the hyperphagic effects of the 5-HT1A agonist are not pharmacologically specific.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗

PubMed1990

Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural treatments for epilepsy: a progress review.

Epilepsy is increasingly being viewed as a condition where psychological interventions may offer great potential in bringing about a reduction in the frequency of seizures. Early studies of behavioural interventions (including classical and operant conditioning approaches) designed to reduce seizure frequency were often subject to considerable methodological flaws. The outcome of recent behavioural and cognitive-behavioural treatment trials is reviewed in the light of criticisms of earlier studies. Persisting methodological difficulties are discussed and recommendations made for future studies.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1975

The effects of muting lesions on emotional behaviour and behaviour normally associated with calling.

Bilateral intercollicular lesions in the chick abolish or depress not only calling, but also those phases of behaviour when calling would have been occurring. These include: long bouts of excited feeding immediately after food is made available; examining and pecking moving targets and novel objects; persistent scanning, and inhibition of other behaviour in a novel environment. Deaf birds behave precisely like controls, so that possible auditory deficits are not involved. During calling phases significant visual stimuli are treated as if they were starting or conspicuous. Conversely, continuous examination of a stimulus causes calling to diminish or disappear even though response continues; a brief period when the stimulus is not seen causes calling to begin again when it is once more perceived. In addition to the increased effectiveness of relevant visual stimuli, motor facilitation is usual in calling phases, as is inhibition of irrelevant responses. Emotional behaviour in man and other mammals is compared to calling phases in the chick.

Animals↗