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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Behaviourally informed text message reminders to increase cervical screening attendance in people with severe mental illness: the OPTIMISE pilot randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the feasibility of both the delivery and evaluation of 'enhanced' (behaviourally informed) text message reminders containing links to existing co-designed resources supporting decision-making for people with severe mental illness (SMI) regarding attendance of cervical screening. DESIGN: A pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). SETTING: 13 General Practice (GP) practices in London were recruited. PARTICIPANTS: GP practices identified people with SMI aged 24-64 years who were overdue cervical screening. Target sample size was 120 participants (60 per arm) based on existing guidance for pilot trials. INTERVENTION: In March 2025, participants were randomised (1:1) to receive either the enhanced (intervention) or the standard (control) SMS reminder. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: 18 weeks later, feasibility outcomes were collected (primary outcomes) and data analysis for a definitive RCT was rehearsed (secondary outcome). RESULTS: Of the 150 participants across 13 GP practices that were randomised (n=75 per arm), 132 (88%) texts delivered (intervention n=64/75 (85%), control n=68/75 (91%)). 10 practices (76.9%) provided follow-up data for 102 participants (intervention n=50, control n=52). Five participants (intervention n=4, control n=1) attended screening within the trial period. Participant survey response rate was low (9/132 (7%), intervention n=5, control n=4). Both SMS messages were low cost, with the intervention SMS a 50% higher cost to deliver (7.5p vs 5p per SMS). Primary feasibility measures of recruitment rate of GP practices (27%), retention of GP practices (77%) and participants (100%), SMS delivery (88%) and data completeness (64%) indicated viability, although survey response rate (7%) did not. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving adequate recruitment and retention, data completeness and comparable groups is viable with some amendments, although an alternative method is required to assess fidelity. Behaviourally informed SMS reminders are feasible to deliver to people with SMI, although it is uncertain if the extra resources are accessed and used. With changes to data collection, a definitive trial could be feasible. Given the low observed cervical screening attendance, additional intervention is needed for this group. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN12558681.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[The effectiveness of cervical cytology screening for cervical cancer (author's transl)].

Cervical cytology screening was performed, between July 1971 and the end of 1976, on 503,870 specimens from 226,428 women. During this period the rate of positive or suspicious findings fell from 2.6% to 0.9%. The number of specimens judged suspicious for invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ or with severe dysplasia (among those women who had undergone serial examinations) was 5 per thousand for the first specimen, 2 per thousand for a subsequent second specimen, and 1.6 per thousand for a subsequent third specimen. The screening programme detected (later confirmed histologically) 272 cases of invasive carcinoma and 948 of carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia. Related to the number of women screended at various ages, the frequency of carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia had a peak between the 25th and 29th year of life, with a second, lower peak at around the 65th year. For invasive cervical carcinoma the frequency remained high into old age. The proportion of histologically proven cases of invasive carcinoma fell continuously from 1963/66, at 3.6 per thousand, until 1976, at 1.6 per thousand.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Study of women who did not respond to screening for cervical cancer.

Demographic and social factors influencing the population response to cervical screening programs have been studied. Age, marital status and, to a lesser extent, place of birth and socio-economic status were the most relevant factors. On the other hand, the reasons for nonparticipation were mainly the lack of information and motivation. Personal invitations, the recall of women who did not present on the first call, and the setting up of decentralized smear collection clinics proved to be useful tools to increase attendance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of screening for cervical cancer: a review.

Cytologic screening for cervical cancer currently enjoys wide acceptance, but there remains controversy in the literature concerning its efficacy in prolonging life. On the basis of a literature review, several conclusions are reached: 1) Cervical screening can identify women who are at greater-than-average risk of developing invasive cervical cancer by detecting asymptomatic lesions that would frequently progress to invasion if left untreated; 2) Therapy based on confirmed positive smears can reduce the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer, as shown by declining rates in many centers that had constant or increasing rates before screening began, lower rates for geographic areas and occupational groups having less screening, and lower rates among screened women than unscreened women; and 3) Attempts to estimate the amount of life prolongation attributable to cervical screening have not yet yielded reliable figures, because of difficulties with the models or data used. However, in view of the available evidence, it is suggested that incomplete data should not prevent a vigorous continuation of screening where it is already extensive, and an escalation where it is not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Selective screening for cervical cancer. Experience of the Finnish mass screening system.

Names of women eligible to be screened for cervical cancer are taken from the national population registry and the women are invited by a personal letter. The data, from these mass screenings are analysed and stored at the screening registry. To reduced the costs of the system and to increase the yield of preinvasive lesions the idea of selective screening was considered. Tt was decided that if people were selected according to their risk factors, as recorded in the national population registry, the screening would be ineffective as many cases of invasive cancer were found in the low risk groups. High risk factors were determined from anamnestic data on systems and from previous cytological diagnoses. The proportion of women with symptoms of bleeding or the class II-V smears without positive histological results constituted fewer than 10% of the participants, but 20% and 40% respectively of invasive carcinomas were found in these groups during the subsequent follow-up period. Thus it is suggested that selective screening apart from that based on age has a limited application and should be restricted mainly to the interval between the organised screenings, which in Finland is five years.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Automated cervical cytology screening: performance requirements and instrument evaluation.

Continuing progress towards automation of cervical cancer screening requires that criteria for clinical acceptability of automated systems be defined, and that methods be devised for effectively evaluating new technology. The potential roles of automation in cervical cancer detection, performance requirements, instrument evaluation and useful contributions from tuberculosis screening, automated white blood cell differential counting, signal detection theory and decision theory are discussed.

Automation↗
PubMed2026

HPV Testing Versus Cytology for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women 50 Years and Older: Evidence From the HPV FOCAL Randomized Controlled Trial.

Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of HPV testing versus cytology specifically in women aged ≥ 50 years who are approaching screening cessation remains limited. This analysis included 6471 women aged ≥ 50 at baseline screening in the HPV FOCAL randomized clinical trial. Women were randomly allocated to receive cytology (Control Group, n = 3248, 50.19%) or HPV testing (Intervention Group, n = 3223, 49.81%) at baseline, with co-testing at 48-month exit. We calculated incidence rates and risk ratios for CIN2+ detection over follow-up and compared missed lesions at exit by screening method. At the 48-month exit, CIN2+ detection was lower among HPV baseline-negative women than among those in the cytology group (1.61/1000 [95% CI, 0.52-3.76] vs. 3.15/1000 [95% CI, 1.51-5.78]; risk ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.11-0.91]), reflecting higher baseline detection with HPV testing and fewer prevalent lesions at exit. Even with cytology re-screening at 2 years, 50% of CIN2+ cases were missed compared to 30% with HPV testing. After adjusting for age, education, smoking status, and lifetime sexual partners, the hazard ratio for CIN2+ comparing HPV to cytology was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.22-0.88). Among women aged ≥ 50 years, HPV primary screening was more effective than cytology at detecting CIN2+ lesions and was associated with a continued lower subsequent risk following a negative HPV test, supporting its use in cervical cancer screening programs in this age cohort.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Cervical cytology screening of high-risk patients in Ondo General Hospital, Nigeria.

A prospective study of the cervical smears of 215 women in the high risk group of patients in Ondo General Hospital is analysed, of which 25 (12.0%) had trichomonal vaginitis, 35 (16.2%) had chronic cervicitis, and 25 (12.0%) had atypical smears. This was the first time cervical cancer screening had been performed in this hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Ages and frequencies for cervical cancer screening.

A simple method of calculating the best ages for carrying out cervical cytology screening procedures is proposed. The argument is graphical, the outcomes are readily understood by visual and intuitive methods, but a computer program for assisting the calculations is constructed. Use of the method indicates that relatively high rates of screening should be employed in women over 45, and that routine screening in women under 30 years of age is likely to be ineffective in reducing mortality. The method predicts that, if we assume a negative error rate for the test of 0-2, and a natural history with a mean interval between detectability and incurability of about 6 years, a series of 10 tests deployed between 35 and 80 years in England and Wales should give a yield of 0-67 deaths saved per 1000 tests performed, and should be capable of saving about 77% of all deaths from cervical cancer in women who conform with the recommendation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Preselection of alarms in a hybrid system for screening of cervical cancer.

In this report, a preselection of alarms in a system for automated screening of cervical cancer based on depositing the cell sample linearly as a "cell trace" on a tape and analyzing it at different decision levels with increasing complexity, and preliminary results on analyzing cervical material with this system are discussed. The "cell trace" is analyzed with the slit-scan technique. Six parameters are computed: 1) cellular diameter; 2) nuclear diameter; 3) nuclear fluorescence (acriflavin-Feulgen) as nuclear DNA; 4) cellular fluorescence; 5) nuclear to cytoplasm ratio (N/C ratio); and 6) nuclear density. At present, only nuclear fluorescence is used to define a decision boundary between normal and potentially atypical cells. Under this criteria the slit-scan analysis leaves 5% of the events in a sample that must be rechecked at a second decision level in normal cell samples. A further reduction is expected when several slit-scan parameters are used at the first decision step. All events declared suspicious will be investigated in more detail by a two dimensional image analyzing system where the fluorescence image is generated by a laser scanning system. Results obtained in preliminary experiments are discussed in this paper.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic screening for cervical cancer in southern Iran.

In an 11 year study of cytologic examinations from the southern part of Iran with a 99 percent Moslem population, the prevalence rate of invasive cervical carcinomas in 35,222 women screened for the first time was 2.3 per 1,000 examinations. With the initiation of a mass screening program begun in 1974, the rates of CIS and moderate and severe dysplasia rose threefold. These findings indicate that carcinoma of the cervix is an important problem in Iran, despite previous reports of the contrary. There is, thus, a clear need for encouraging and expanding the mass screening program which has been initiated in this country.

Adolescent↗