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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

Visual classification of banded human chromosomes ii. classification and karyotyping of integrated density profiles.

Visual classification and karyotyping of 897 integrated density profiles generated from straight and non-overlapping chromosomes from 22 trypsin-banded metaphases of average quality was carried out and evaluated. The results were compared with visual classification of photographic prints of the same 897 chromosomes. The experiments were carried out by one observer. About 5% errors were made in classification of isolated profiles; 0-5% errors were made in karyotyping profiles and about 3% errors were made in classification of isolated chromosome prints. The reason for the small error rate obtained by karyotyping profiles as compared to the error rate when classifying isolated profiles was assumed to be the use of a priori knowledge of the composition of (normal) metaphases and the possibility of making appropriate comparisons between the individual profiles within the metaphase. Comparison between classification of isolated prints and of profiles showed different error patterns on the basis of which it was assumed that prints constitute a better basis for visual classification than profiles. The results seemed to indicate two ways of improving computer classification of banded chromosomes: (1) information of value in the chromosomes (band pattern, shape etc.) should be extracted from the digitized chromosome image in a manner superior to the simple integration by which profiles are produced; (2) computer karyotyping should simulate the human method, thus taking advantage of a priori knowledge of the composition of the metaphases and being able to make appropriate comparisons between individual chromosomes.

Chromosomes↗

PubMed1976

[A proposal of a T.N.M. type of classification of the ear. O.P.A.C. classification of chronic surgical otitis].

With the advent of modern otology, cophosurgeons anxious to compare their results soon became aware of the need for a "T.N.M" type of classification for the ear. The classification described here by the authors is, in principle, a classification of the "T.N.M" type: that is, a purely descriptive classification without prognostic, pathogenetic or therapeutic pretensions. This "O.P.A.C." classification is based on a description of 4 main characteristics: 1) the existence and characteristics of potential otorrhoea, described under the letter C; 2) the characteristics of potential perforation of the tympanum, described under the letter P; 3) the appearance of the middle ear, excluding the ossicular chain, described under the letter A; 4) the condition of the ossicular chain when the surgeon has completed his exploration of the lesions, described under the letter C. Two years experience seems to have proved the convenience and usefulness of this purely clinical classification, providing otologists with a common language. While they are aware of the objections and criticisms to which it may give rise, the authors hope, on time, to improve in this classification.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗

PubMed1976

Visual classification of banded human chromosomes. I. Karyotyping compared with classification of isolated chromosomes.

Visual karyotyping and visual classification of isolated chromosomes was carried out by seven investigators on 22 trypsin banded metaphases of average quality. The karyotyping experiment resulted in an average error rate of 0-1% (zero-0-4%) and the classification of isolated chromosomes resulted in an error rate of 3% (2-5%). The B and F group chromosomes were found to be most difficult to classify when isolated, while no errors were made of the no. 1 and the X chromosome. Large differences were seen in the resulting error pattern for the individual investigators both with regard to their total error rate and also the chromosome types which they most frequently misclassified. Based upon these error patterns it is suggested that more than 95% of the chromosomes in an average quality material contain features upon which a reliable visual classification can be made. Thus there may be a potential possibility that these chromosomes may be classified by computer on the basis of these features. The fact that visual karyotyping is much more reliable than visual classification of isolated chromosomes indicated that computer classification of chromosomes should include programming capable of making appropriate comparison between the chromosomes in the metaphase and at the same time take into account the expected presence of 23 chromosome pairs for normal cells. This would simulate the human performance of visual karyotyping and make a classification possible of at least some of the remaining 5% difficult chromosomes.

Chromosomes↗

PubMed1977

[Comparison of descriptive expressions between ILO U/C international classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis 1971 and Japanese classification of pneumoconiosis law in Japan 1960 in pulmonary asbestosis (author's transl)].

In the explanatory text of the ILO U/C International classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis (1971) sent to Japan in 1973, items of its expression on pulmonary asbestosis were analyzed by the author. On the other hand, items of Japanese Asbestosis Classification of Pneumoconiosis Law were also analyzed. The ILO U/C International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis (1971) have some confused words. As to pulmonary asbestosis, an expression of irregular opacities is used, but the fundamental X-ray opacities such as linear opacities are forgot in the description. The X-ray findings of the pulmonary asbestosis are divided into 3 types as s, t and u. It is, however, difficult in practice to divide X-ray findings of the pulmonary asbestosis into such types. The classification of X-ray findings of the pulmonary asbestosis in the Japanese Pneumoconiosis Law is based on the classification worked out by many investigators i; the past, providing for simplicity and ease of handling.

Aged↗

PubMed1978

The classification of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. A prospective study of 60 cases using Clark's classification.

A series of 60 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas has been studied by serial block technique. The resulting 492 sections have been classified as junctional naevus with or without atypia and preinvasive or invasive malignant melanoma according to Clark (1967). No sections showed lentigo maligna (melanoma). The overall classification resultedin 49 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 6 nodular malignant melanomas and 5 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. In 3 cases (5%) there was inconsistency between the classification of the central section and the overall classification of the tumour. Five theoretical growth patterns have been postulated ranging from thatof the pure superficial spreading malignant melanoma completely surrounded by a preinvasive area to the pure nodular malignant melanoma which completely lacks any such area. Borderline cases between these two types certainly seem to exist. Features such as intraepidermal Pagetoid growth of tumour cells, co-existence of a benign melanocytic component and histological changes indicating tumour regression have been discussed. It is recommended that at least 3 tissue blocks should be taken from all malignant melanomas up to 25 mm in diameter and more if the tumour is larger.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[New classification of tumor lesions of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues and use of these classifications in prosector practice].

The author presents a review of the world medical literature reports on the latest classifications of tumours of the hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues, based on new concepts of the hemopoiesis system. Changes in the interpretation of the meaning of such terms as "reticular cell", "reticulosis", reticulosarcoma", "hemocytoblastosis", and others are discussed. A contraversial nature of many new concepts and incompleatness of the discussion concerning the problem are emphasized. The author is one of the opinion that it would be better to abstain from the use of new classifications and from alterations in terms in practical work of pathologists before the appearance of a unified international classification of the tumours in question. Further studies of new theoretical aspects of the problem and continuation of detailed morphological, including histochemical, immunomorphological and other investigations of the substrate of tumour lesions of the hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues are recommended.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1977

Diagnosis, definition and classification in chronic generalized respiratory disorder. A proposal to come to a manageable clinical classification system in the human being. An answer to the stimulating report of the ACCP-ATS joint committee on pulmonary nomenclature.

It appears that the definition of a syndrome is to a large extent determined by the approach of the researcher. Particular emphasis is given to the very great interest of a classification as meticulous as possible, using all relevant clinical data not only as snapshots, but also over the longest possible observation period. Such a classification of carefully followed individual cases may contribute essentially to the identification of syndromes and to the detection of pathomechanisms and pathogenesis.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1979

Visual classification of banded human chromosomes. III. Classification and karyotyping of density profiles described by band transition sequences.

Band transition profiles (BT-profiles) representing extracted band pattern features of 898 density profiles of banded chromosomes were classified and karyotyped by a cytogeneticist in order to investigate how much information was lost by substituting for the original density profiles their extracted features. The results were evaluated and compared with visual classification and karyotyping of the same 898 density profiles from which the BT-profiles were derived. Six per cent errors were made in classification of isolated BT-profiles and 0.7% errors were made in karyotyping BT-profiles. These error rates were comparable to the corresponding error rates in classifying and karyotyping density profiles, which were 5% and 0.5%, respectively. It is concluded that most of the important band pattern information of the density profiles is retained in the BT-profiles, and it is supposed that the condensed BT-sequences (from which the BT-profiles are derived) constitute a sufficient and appropriate basis for automated karyotyping.

Chromosome Banding↗

PubMed1976

[Endocrine ophthalmopathy. Clinical symptoms, classification, diagnostic classification, indications for treatment (author's transl)].

The clinical aspects and classification of "endocrine ophthalmopathy" were described. The clinical picture is of importance for the physician in nuclear medicine who is involved with the diagnosis and therapy of hyperthyroidism. In vivo and in vitro investigations in nuclear medicine regarding the classification of ophthalmic findings are derived from disturbances in control of the regulatory systems of the hypothalmas-pituitary-thyroid which are parallel to the ophthalmic processes. The clinical forms of endocrine ophthalmopathy and the thyroid findings which accompany it were systematized and an appropriate therapeutic procedure for the respective anomaly was described.

Graves Disease↗

PubMed1975

The classification of depressive disorders. II. A review of historical and physiological classification studies.

A review of recent classification studies of depressive disorders based on historical data and physiological indices was made. It was found that historical variables, such as age of onset and family background, are potentially useful to distinguish depressive subgroups, although these groupings did not differentiate consistently unipolar from bipolar depressives. While the physiological indices do not support the present psychiatric nosology, single physical signs were found to differentiate subgroups within the effective disorders. The implications of these findings for a different research model were discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1979

Classification of animal lymphomas: the implications of applying Rappaport's classification for human lymphomas to experimental tumors.

One hundred and seventy animal lymphomas (species ranging from molluses to monkeys) were reclassified histologically according to the modified Rappaport classification for human lymphomas. The results were correlated with the etiology of the lymphomas, their clinical course, and in selected cases with their immunological type. The study stresses the value of such a procedure for comparative reasons, allowing a more adequate selection of animal models for human lymphomas.

Animals↗

PubMed1978