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Results for “computed tomography”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Measurement of lung density by computed tomography.

Computed tomography scanners can be calibrated to provide reproducible measurements for a quantitative analysis of lung density. Typical histograms for inspiration and expiration are presented. The reproducibility of the method is demonstrated as well as the limitations caused by artifacts and incomplete inspiration. This method is suggested for follow-up studies of patients with diseases affecting the entire lung. Early detection of interstitial lung disorders also seems possible.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation of laryngeal cartilages by computed tomography.

Computed tomography of the larynx was performed in 21 patients and 3 anatomic specimens for evaluation of laryngeal cancer. Special attention was directed to the appearance of the laryngeal cartilages in both the normal and abnormal examinations in order to establish criteria for cancerous invasion. The problem presented by the normal nonuniformity of density of the cartilages is discussed in detail.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Diagnosis of juvenile angiofibroma by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) accurately localized juvenile angiofibromata in 3 patients. The expanded pterygopalatine fossa and canal were visualized by CT in all three cases. Because of the hemorrhagic tendency of these tumors, a noninvasive modality such as CT is especially valuable in planning therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Demonstration of purulent bacterial intracranial infections by computed tomography.

Computed tomography is shown to be an important modality in both diagnosis and management of cerebral infections. Representative findings from CT scans of patients with purulent bacterial infection of the meninges, cerebrum, ventricles, and adjacent structures are presented. Material is taken from 2,645 CT scans done in a 1 year period at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. It is hoped that the use of CT will lead to a decrease of morbidity and mortality in entities such as brain abscess and subdural empyema.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Comparison of whole lung tomography and computed tomography for detecting pulmonary nodules.

Detecting pulmonary metastasis is important when planning surgical therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in patients with known malignancy. A series of 91 patients was studied by both whole lung tomography and computed tomography (CT) of the lungs. More pulmonary nodules were detected with CT than with whole lung tomography in 32 (35%) of the patients. Of the 91 patients in the study, 31 had resection of some or all of the pulmonary nodules. In 27 patients, the nodules were primary or metastatic malignant lesions. Bilateral pulmonary nodules were detected with CT in 13 patients when whole lung tomography had demonstrated nodules in only one lung. CT has replaced whole lung tomography as the method preferred by the authors for detecting pulmonary nodules in selected patients at risk to develop pulmonary metastasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Brain edema defined by cranial computed tomography.

Cranial computed tomography permitted an in vivo classification of brain edema. The distinction of the four basic types of edema (vasogenic, ischemic, cytotoxic, and periventricular) was important in establishing the chronicity, extent, and pathologic basis of cerebral abnormalities. Vasogenic edema (neoplasm, abscess) was readily distinguished from cytotoxic edema by the predominant involvement of the white matter and associated abnormal enhancement following intravenous contrast medium injection. The diminished density of ischemic edema was visualized in both gray and white matter and occurred in a vascular distribution. An absence of enhancement in the cerebral capillary bed and attenuation or nonvisualization of the circle of Willis following the rapid bolus injection of iodinated contrast medium defined an arrest of cerebral circulation as might be seen in brain death. Periventricular interstitial edema was most often a marker of acute or subacute obstructive hydrocephalus.

Brain↗

PubMed1978

Diagnosis of extracerebral fluid collections by computed tomography.

The computed tomography scans of 90 patients with extracerebral fluid collections were reviewed. Epidural hematomas, acute, subacute, and chronic subdural hematomas, convexity subarachnoid hemorrhages, subdural hygromas, and one epidural empyema were seen. The CT findings were analyzed and correlated with the time elapsed since injury (when known) and the results of radionuclide scans (when available). The overall accuracy of CT in detecting extracerebral fluid was 90% with no acute hemorrhages missed. In subacute and chronic subdural collections, six CT scans were false negative in whole or in part. Three false positive interpretations were made and are discussed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Percutaneous catheter drainage of abdominal abscesses guided by ultrasound and computed tomography.

Ultrasonography and computed tomography were used to diagnose, localize, and guide the percutaneous drainage of 24 intraabdominal and retroperitoneal abscesses in 23 surgical and medical inpatients 16 of whom had abscess formation as a postoperative complication. On the basis of anatomic detail from sectional imaging, safe percutaneous drainage routes similar to surgical approaches were defined. After confirmation by needle aspiration, one of two methods of percutaneous catheter introduction were used: (1) a modified Seldinger technique for placement of an 8 French pigtail catheter and (2) a trocar catheter technique for placement of a 12 or 16 French catheter. Once in position, the catheters were managed as a surgically placed drain. In 22 of 24 cases, percutaneous catheter drainage was curative with no surgery required. There were no deaths or recurrences with an average follow-up period of 12 months ranging from 1 week to 3 years. Percutaneous aspiration and drainage should be considered as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of intraabdominal or retroperitoneal abscess.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1976

Cardiac reconstruction imaging in relation to other ultrasound systems and computed tomography.

A computer-controlled system is described for the generation of two-dimensional motion images of the heart. A standard B scanner is used to scan the area of interest during 40-50 cardiac cycles, and the computer controls recording of the ultrasound signals, beam position indicators, and physiologic data. The ultrasonic echoes are reformatted by the computer into sequential frames by reference to the ECG. Images are displayed in motion on a large monitor, and hard copy is obtained on 35 mm cine film. Off-line computer-controlled signal processing is utilized for image enhancement of clinical studies. Real-time systems for the production of two-dimensional motion images of the heart are discussed and compared to computer reconstruction of ultrasound cardiac imaging. The advantages of ultrasound imaging of the heart and other body areas are presented, and prospectives are offered by which the present and future roles of ultrasound can be evaluated in respect and future roles of ultrasound can be evaluated in respect to computed tomography. It is concluded that ultrasound will remain the primary noninvasive modality for cardiac motion study and that ultrasound will continue to provide important clinical information in all parts of the body where it is currently employed.

Computers↗

PubMed1978

[Fast computer tomography for investigation of the heart--"computer cardiotomography". Methods and early results (author's transl)].

The early results in the investigation of normal and pathological hearts using fast computer tomography are presented. By means of tomographic sections of cadaver hearts, it has been shown that it is possible to distinguish the ventricular cavities and individual cardiac walls by this non-invasive method. Changes in volume of the ventricles and atria due to various forms of stress are easily distinguishable. Myocardial scars can be distinguished from other circumscribed myocardial defects. The particular advantages of this method, which is non-invasive, painless and easily repeatable, do not need to be stressed. The technique adds a significant dimension to previously available non-invasive diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound echo-cardiography.

Aortic Valve↗

PubMed1977

Computed tomography and transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of the prostate.

The prostates of eight patients scheduled to undergo prostatectomies were studied prospectively by transabdominal gray scale ultrasound and computed tomography. Computed tomography gave excellent visualization of prostate morphology and pelvic anatomic relationships. Ultrasound provided more histopathologic information in the cases of carcinoma and prostatitis. Additionally, its capacity to distinguish surgical capsule from adenoma, in benign prostatic hypertrophy, made it more useful for volume determinations.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Detection of inferior vena cava abnormalities by computed tomography.

The diagnostically useful computed tomography (CT) findings in five new cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis are reported. These findings include: (a) inhomogeneous density of the inferior vena cava, usually best demonstrated after contrast medium injection; (b) caval density less than aortic density; (c) rim enhancement which may be seen with both caval thrombosis and tumor invasion; and (d) enlargement of the vena cava if accompanied by at least one or more of the above findings. A bolus injection of contrast medium followed immediately by CT helps to make some of the above described findings more prominent. In selected patients, this injection should be made into the femoral vein.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1979

Computed tomography in adrenal tumors.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate 26 patients with a variety of adrenal lesions. Surgical proof was available in 22 patients and clinical confirmation with a variety of other studies in the other four patients. Nine patients ahd aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas and CT correctly identified seven. Four patients had cortisol-producing adenomas and five patients had cortisol-producing carcinomas; CT identified each of these tumors. Prominent but normal shaped glands were seen in each of the four patients with adrenal hyperplasia. Adrenal metastases from malignant melanoma in two patients were identified. Only one of two pheochromocytomas in two patients could be seen on CT. CT is a noninvasive method of localizing adrenal tumors and may be helpful in distinguishing adenomas from adrenal hyperplasia.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1978

Computed tomography in hepatobiliary diseases.

Computed Tomography (CT) was introduced to detect lesions in 48 cases with various hepatobiliary disease. In 8 out of 11 cases with liver cell cancer, diagnosis were made by CT. A case was detected in early stage, the low density area was so small that it can be resected segmentally. In 7 out of 9 cases with metastatic liver cancer, multiple low densities were detected by C.T. Gallbladder cancers, which is known as diagnostic difficulty, were detected in five cases as low density in gallbladder area. CT has superiority to liver scintiscan, 1) CT can determine the tumor more exactly except for the diffuse type. 2) CT can be performed repeatedly without any risk and use of isotopic substances. 3) CT observes the transverse configuration of the organ, which could not be done in any conventional method.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Computer tomography of the sacroiliac joints (author's transl)].

Computer tomography, like conventional radiography, can demonstrate inflammatory, degenerative or reparative, traumatic and neoplastic lesions of the sacroiliac joints. In some cases computer tomography adds important information, for instance as regards soft tissue changes near the S.I. joints in the presence of neoplastic or posttraumatic lesions (tumour extension, hematoma). Computer tomography is also able to demonstrate minor disalignment of the sacro-iliac joints (so-called sacro-listhesis).

Bone Diseases↗

PubMed1979

[Computer tomographic demonstration of lymph node metastases from malignant testicular tumours. A comparison of lymphography and computer tomography (author's transl)].

Lymphography and computer tomography was performed on 64 patients with malignant testicular tumours in order to demonstrate lymph node metastases. In 60 patients it was possible to confirm the findings by surgery. In 43 patients there was agreement between the findings of the computer tomogram and the lymphogram. In 39 of these patients lymph node metastases had been demonstrated, in three there was a false negative and in one a false positive. Amongst the patients in whom there was a descrepancy between the two types of examination, the CT findings were confirmed histologically in twelve, and the lymphographic findings in nine. In 12.5% CT added significant additional information. Accuracy of lymphography was 73% and of computer tomography 80%. Specificity for each examination was 79%.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Health planning for computed tomography: perspectives and problems.

Computed tomography has been introduced to the health care system at a time when health care planning is still evolving. Unlike the recent past, final authorization of large expenditures and new services such as CT now lies outside the providers of care and is based on laws and regulations that are not familiar to many physicians. A brief review of the principal federal statutes is presented from the Hill-Burton Act to the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. Recognizing the unique problems in certain special service areas such as CT, the state of Indiana has formed committees to collect information and develop recommendations to assist its health planners in their actions and decisions under the federal statutes. The quantitative problems which the Indiana CT committee must address are presented in some detail, problems that other health planners face as well.

Computers↗

PubMed1977

Computer tomography of cerebellopontine angle lesions.

Computer tomography (CT) was used in 53 consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumor. The CT was performed with the 160 X 160 matrix scanner, height of sections was 13 mm. Metrizoate sodium (1.5 ml/kg of body weight) was used for tumor enhancement. Seventeen CT scans revealed tumors; one patient proved at operation to be false-positive. Thirty-six CT scans revealed no tumors; two examinations may prove to be false-negative, but surgical verification has so far not been obtained. The smallest tumor demonstrated by CT extended 7 mm into the angle, while one of the possible false-negative CT scans after iophendylate injection cisternography showed a tumor extending 5 mm into the angle. It is concluded that CT is a harmless, noninvasive neuroradiological procedure, and should precede invasive procedures. It can be used safely in patients with increased intracranial pressure.

Adult↗