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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Playing with Fire, Losing the Drive: Bidirectional Links Between Problematic Smartphone Use and Grit Dimensions.

This study examined bidirectional longitudinal associations between grit dimensions (consistency of interest [CI] and perseverance of effort [PE]) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) and tested cognitive flexibility as a mediating mechanism. A sample of 1,641 Chinese university students (55.2 percent female; Mage = 20.1 years) completed measures at two time points 6 months apart. A four-variable cross-lagged panel model revealed that CI and PSU negatively predicted each other over time, whereas PSU unidirectionally predicted decreased PE. Cognitive flexibility partially mediated the PSU-to-PE pathway (indirect effect = -0.004, 95 percent bootstrap CI [-0.010, -0.0001]). Competing models analysis confirmed this directionality: the forward mediation (PSU → cognitive flexibility → PE) was significant, whereas the reverse was not. These findings demonstrate that grit dimensions exhibit distinct longitudinal patterns with PSU and identify cognitive flexibility as a cognitive mechanism through which PSU specifically undermines effort persistence. Implications for dimensional approaches to grit and targeted interventions are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Classifications of auditory impairment.

Over the past 25 years there has been a consistently growing interest in the identification of hearing disorders in children. Basic to the identification of hearing loss are the degree of hearing loss, the age of onset, the etiology, and the site of the lesion. In this modern era, hearing loss should not go undetected, and a child with a hearing loss no longer has to wait until he is six years of age before he can be treated and educated. Very young children can be successfully tested for auditory problems, and every effort should be taken to detect and identify such children with hearing problems. The audiometric tests devised for adults have been adapted, in part, for the measurement of hearing in children. The threshold values derived from standard audiometry and play audiometry are equivalent to those in adults. If some consistency is used in classifying children with auditory impairment, future research will be enhanced in the areas of prevention and social and educational management of children with auditory impairment.

Air↗

PubMed2025

TYK2 :p.Pro1104Ala Variant Protects Against Autoimmunity by Modulating Immune Cell Levels.

The TYK2:p.Pro1104Ala (rs34536443) hypomorph variant has been associated with protection against numerous autoimmune disorders. Thus, its mechanism of action becomes of great interest. Here, consistent with the participation of activated immune cells in autoimmunity, we show that the variant regulates the levels of immune cells at a human, general population level and is associated particularly with higher levels of T and B lymphocytes, especially the naïve (non-activated) compartment. Also, consistent with a protective function in autoimmunity, the level of regulatory CD4+ T cells was increased. Thus, this variant decreases immune activation thereby protecting from autoimmunity. Our work links the cellular mechanism regulated by the TYK2:p.Pro1104Ala variant to autoimmunity protection and supports TYK2 as a therapeutic target in autoimmunity.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

[Some interesting cases of pulmonary echinococcosis].

The authors had the opportunity in the interim of the past fifteen years to treat at the hospital in Zadar 277 patients suffering from hydatid disease of different body organs. The most frequently affected was the liver--56.3%, followed by the lungs--24.9% and 18.8% were other organs. Out of the 69 cases of affected lungs, the authors chose several which they considered to be most interesting. These consisted of: 1. A fistula between the cyst in the liver and the right lung. 2. A syndrome of the middle lung lobe caused by the hydatid cyst. 3. The Cumbo's symptom following a perforated lung cyst as a definite sign of hydatid cyst. 4. A hydatid cyst in a two years old child complicated with pneumothorax, peripnemocyst and perforation of the cyst itself in the bronchus. And finally 6. The case of a primary liver cyst which perforated in the vena cava caudalis with secondary dissemination in both lungs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Differential regulation of the imipramine-sensitive serotonin transporter by cAMP in human JAr choriocarcinoma cells, rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, and C33-14-B1 transgenic mouse fibroblast cells.

The imipramine-sensitive serotonin transporter appears to be the receptor for clinically important antidepressants. Some studies suggest that this protein may fall under the influence of abnormal and as yet uncharacterized regulatory effects during depressive illness. Despite these putative disease-related effects, regulation has never been demonstrated in either the platelet or synaptosome model systems. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the imipramine-sensitive serotonin transport activity in either JAr choriocarcinoma or PC12 pheochromocytoma cell lines is subject to regulation by cAMP. Unexpectedly, the regulatory effect is opposite in the two cases, causing stimulation in JAr (increased Vmax) and inhibition in PC12 (kinetically complex). Appearance of these kinetic effects lagged 15 to 20 hours behind peak cAMP levels. The results are consistent with the interesting possibility that different tissues may express isoforms of the recently cloned serotonin transporter cDNAs. We suggest, therefore, that JAr and PC12 are attractive models in which to pursue detailed analysis of serotonin transport and its manner of regulation by cAMP.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗

PubMed1992

A high angle neutron fibre diffraction study of the hydration of the A conformation of the DNA double helix.

A high angle neutron fibre diffraction study of the distribution of water around the A-form of DNA has been performed using the diffractometer D19 at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. These experiments have exploited the ability to replace H2O surrounding the DNA by D2O so that isotopic difference Fourier maps can be computed in which peaks are identified with the distribution of water in the unit cell. All peaks of significant height have been accounted for by four families of water molecules whose positions and occupancies have been determined using least squares refinement. The coordinates of the water peaks making up each family do not deviate significantly from a regular helical arrangement with the same parameters as the DNA. Two of these families are of particular interest. The first consists of water molecules in the major groove linking successive charged phosphate oxygens along the polynucleotide chains. The second is associated with bases in the major groove and forms a central core of density along the helix axis. These two families provide a layer of hydration lining the interior wall of the major groove leaving a central channel to accommodate cations. The relationship between these observations and conformational stability is discussed.

DNA↗

PubMed1978

"It hurts red:" a preliminary study of children's perception of pain.

Children's perception of pain was investigated in an exploratory study. Some synaesthetic aspects were examined such as the color of pain, texture, shape, pattern and continuous vs intermittent quality. A projective test was developed using cartoons to illustrate two situations in which children commonly experience pain, a self-administered hammer blow and a doctor-administered needle. Interviews were tape-recorded with 58 children in hospital outpatient clinics and school situations in Kindergarten and Grades 1 through 3 in Licking County, Ohio. Significantly more children perceived the pain of a needle as jagged rather than smooth, and the pain of a hammer blow as a continuous rather than on-and-off pain. A finding of interest is the consistently greater differentiation in synaesthetic perception by the younger group on four of the five variables. Synaesthetic perception may be more characteristic of children in Piager's preoperational stage (aged 4-6); more cognitively oriented perception may be exhibited by 7- to 9-yr.-old children who approximate the stage of concrete operations.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

[Choice of bread].

Bread can vary according to the flours used, extraction rate of fermentation methods, but the wast majority of French people usually consume white bread made with wheat flour. Size more than composition is the main criterion in the choice of bread. The choice of loaves with a large diameter corresponds to the traditional consumer in rural areas, but the general tendency is in favour of long loaves with a maximum of crust. This shape is more related to the qualities sought by consumers who want a "light", "crusty", well-baked (golden brown) loaf. Thus they are more interested in the consistency than in the taste, as bread is now only an accessory to a well-flavoured dish. Despite the large drop in the consumption of bread, this search for a good consistency is strong enough to justify quite frequently a detour to a baker whose quality of bread is better. However, this desire for quality does not seem to lead to a larger individual consumption. For various reasons, since the beginning of this century, man has lost his "taste for bread" and any improvement in the "taste of bread" would not be sufficient to make him find it again.

Bread↗

PubMed1975

The toxicity of human serum against Ehrlich cells--an attempt at characterizing responsible components.

A biochemical characterization of the toxic action of human serum on murine Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was attempted. Some observations are consistent, other inconsistent, with the hypothesis of complement dependent antibodies reacting with ubiquitous antigens on these cells. Studies using various serum fractions, and with pure preparations of human serum proteins, have not given consistent results. Of particular interest is the puzzling observation that the toxic action of human serum fractions sometimes only appears some time after the fractionation.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Primary anorexia nervosa (weight phobia) in males.

Ten cases of primary anorexia nervosa (weight phobia) in males (as against 196 females) have been treated in the United Birmingham Hospitals over 19 years. A discrete syndromes appears to exist with much to support the view that it is the counterpart of primary anorexia nervosa in the female. Six illustrative case histories are described briefly. The heavy loading with consistent abnormalities of psychiatric interest makes it very probable that weight phobia is primarily a psychiatric disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Cryosurgery for cancer.

Cryosurgery has a wide range of uses for the destruction of tumours. Acceptability among dermatologists for the treatment of skin cancer appears high. In the treatment of oral cancer, cryosurgery is not yet widely accepted, but it should be more commonly used for early cancer and in the management of selected problems in therapy. It has established a reasonably firm place in the treatment of prostatic cancer, perhaps because of continued interest in the immunologic benefits, while its use in gynecologic organs is limited to carcinoma in situ or to selected patients with advanced cancer. In all these areas, it has been used with surprisingly good results in selected patients who were high risks under conventional methods of therapy. The trial of cryosurgery in the treatment of bone tumors should prove its efficacy. Today's interest in cryosurgery is consistent with the current trend to conservatism in cancer surgery.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1979

Short heparin thrombin clotting time, increased fibrinogen and platelet aggregates count in coronary disease: a probable hypercoagulable state.

Several indices of plasmatic and platelet coagulability (H.T.C.T., AT III, fibrinogen and Wu-Hoak test) were studied in 82 patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group. The most interesting result is the consistent shortening of H.T.C.T. as compared to the control group, particularly in patients with acute myocardial infarction. H.T.C.T. was always inversely correlated with the fibrinogen level. Those data suggest an important influence of fibrinogen levels on H.T.C.T., but this observation does not rule out the possibility that the heparin neutralizing activity (PF 4) will also influence the test. No positive correlation between H.T.C.T. and AT III could be observed. The elevated levels of AT III in acute myocardial infarction did not confirm the existence of a consumption of AT III due to chronic intravascular coagulation in these patients. The Wu-Hoak test increased only in patients with acute coronary disease, never in the other groups. In conclusion, H.T.C.T. may be assumed to be a valid test for indicating the existence of a possible hypercoagulability state.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Linkage disequilibrium between phenylketonuria and RFLP haplotype 1 at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in Portugal.

RFLPs of 36 normal and 41 mutant alleles at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus were determined in 31 Portuguese kindreds. A total of 14 haplotypes including 10 normal and 7 mutant alleles were observed. Almost 75% of all mutant alleles were confined within only two haplotypes, namely haplotype 9 (17.1%) and haplotype 1 (56.1%). This frequency of mutant haplotype 1 in Portugal is, to our knowledge, the highest for this mutant haplotype in all studies reported to date. Other mutant haplotypes were either rare (haplotype 2, 9.7%) or totally absent (haplotype 3, 0%). Only 24.5% of all mutant alleles were found to consistently carry identified mutations, particularly R261Q (9.8%), R252W (3.3%), R408W (1.6%) and delta I94 (3.3%). A new mutation, L249F, located in the seventh exon of the gene, accounted for 6.5% of all mutant alleles in our series. Interestingly, this mutant genotype was consistently associated with mutant haplotype 1 (P less than 0.01), as also observed for the R261Q mutation. It appears, therefore, that mutant haplotype 1 is genotypically heterogeneous in Portugal and that more than two mutations account for its prevalence in this country.

Alleles↗

PubMed1992

Analysis of Con A-binding glycoproteins in synaptosomal membranes.

Concanavalin A (Con A)-binding proteins obtained from solubilized synaptosomal membranes of bovine brain were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), and were identified by peroxidase conjugated Con A (Con A-peroxidase staining), after transfer from 2DE gel to nitrocellulose paper. The Con A-binding proteins were resolved up to 40 spots, ranging in isoelectric points (pI) from 4.5 to 8.0 and molecular weight (MW) from 10 kDa to 120 kDa. Most of the Con A-binding proteins were streaked across a pH gradient and/or exhibited as multiple spots, indicating broad charge and molecular weight heterogeneity. The presence of protein groups that showed high affinities for Con A were revealed. Most interesting group (named GP51), which consisted of seven spots separated horizontally in charge heterogeneity (pI5.85-7.5) with MW 51 kDa, was characterized by its binding to an immobilized protein A gel. This implies that GP51 is related to immunoglobulins and/or GP51 may be a new member of the immunoglobulin supergene family.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Sex differences in the expression of adoption ideas: observations of adoptees from birth through latency.

Longitudinal observations of 21 children, 19 of whom are adopted, reveal two consistent patterns---girls manifest greater interest and conflict in relation to adoption than do boys, and interest and conflict are greatest for both sexes during latency. Implications of the findings for the counseling of adoptees and of other children are discussed, and directions for further research suggested.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Integrative spatial transcriptomic analysis pinpoints the role of the ferroxidase, TaMCO3, in wheat root tip iron mobilization.

Roots play a critical role in the sensing and absorption of essential minerals from the rhizosphere. Iron (Fe) deficiency, for example, triggers a well-known series of physiological and molecular responses within roots that facilitate uptake, which differs between monocots and dicots. In monocots, little is known about the molecular responses that occur within specific root development zones in response to iron deprivation, and how these differences result in overall nutrient uptake. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of wheat root tips under Fe deficiency (-Fe) and performed a comparative transcriptome analysis with the previous datasets generated from the whole root. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted the significance of oxidoreductase activity and metal/ion transport in the root tip, which are critical for Fe mobilization. Interestingly, wheat, an allohexaploid species consisting of three different genomes (A, B, and D) displayed varying gene expression levels arising from the three genomes that contributed to similar molecular functions. Detailed analysis of oxidoreductase function at the root tip revealed multiple multicopper oxidase (MCO) proteins, such as Fe-responsive TaMCO3, that likely contribute to the overall ferroxidase activity. Further characterization of TaMCO3 shows that it complements the yeast FET3 mutant and rescues the -Fe sensitivity phenotype of Arabidopsis atmco3 mutants by enhancing vascular Fe loading. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaMCO3 exhibited increased root Fe accumulation and improved tolerance to -Fe by augmenting the expression of Fe-mobilizing genes. Our findings highlight the role of spatially resolved gene expression in -Fe responses, suggesting strategies to reprogram cells for improved nutrient stress tolerance.

Triticum↗

PubMed2025

Population stratification in Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) off Iceland evident from RADseq analysis.

The northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (ice. Stóri kampalampi) is a North Atlantic crustacean of significant commercial interest which has been harvested consistently in Icelandic waters since 1936. In Icelandic waters, the length at which this protandrous species transitions from male to female differs between the inshore and offshore populations, suggesting a biologically meaningful stratification which may or may not be plastic. Using reduced representative genomes assembled from RADseq data, sampled from 96 individuals collected at two time points (2018 and 2021), we compare the level of genetic structure across a gradient extending out of Skjálfandi bay, north Iceland. These data are compared to samples from a far offshore site, some 65 km out from the bay, as well as another inshore fjord in Arnarfjörður, in northwestern Iceland. Since 1999, no harvesting of inshore populations of P. borealis in Skjálfandi has been allowed due to stock decline, but harvesting of offshore stocks has continued. Uncertainty surrounding the extent of structure between the in- and offshore aggregations has remained. Here we report distinct genetic structure defining the inshore and offshore populations of northern shrimp, but find significant admixture between the two. Most importantly, we see that genetically inshore populations of northern shrimp extend far outside the harvest boundaries of inshore shrimp, and offshore individuals may exhibit punctuated migration into the inshore areas.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Long-term care standards: enforcement and compliance.

This paper discusses the regulation of long-term care in the United States. First, it addresses alternate models of regulation that potentially could explain both enforcer and provider actions. Then it describes in more detail the incentives for enforcement of regulatory standards. Empirical evidence concerning the effect of regulation on provider incomes and the relationship between reported compliance with standards and provider operating costs is examined. In the latter case, the evidence is consistent with a self-interest theory of behavior for regulatory agencies and inspectors. Ideas for reform of the long-term care marketplace are summarized in the concluding selection, with emphasis on their probable impact on enforcement of standards.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗