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Results for “conversation orientation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Family communication patterns and adolescent depressive symptoms: sequential mediating effects of hedonic capacity and anger expression.

OBJECTIVE: Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents, highlighting the need to explore its underlying developmental mechanisms to inform effective prevention. This study examined how different family communication patterns longitudinally impact adolescent depressive symptoms, with a focus on the mediating roles of diminished hedonic capacity and anger expression. METHOD: A total of 729 Chinese adolescents from five high schools participated in this two-wave longitudinal study over a six-month period. Participants completed the Family Communication Patterns Scale (FCPS), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Anhedonia Scale for Adolescents (ASA), and the Children's Inventory of Anger (ChIA). Mediation analyses were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro, alongside cross-lagged panel analyses to explore longitudinal effect. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses indicated that diminished hedonic capacity and anger experience sequentially mediated the relationship between family communication patterns and adolescent depressive symptoms. Specifically, this mediating effect existed for conversation orientation in junior high school students and female senior high school students, as well as for conformity orientation among female junior and senior high school students. In addition, longitudinal analyses revealed that diminished hedonic capacity mediated the associations at Wave 2. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that enhanced hedonic capacity and reduced anger expression may play a key role in the relationship between family communication patterns and adolescent depression, and hedonic capacity should be prioritized in practical interventions. These results support the potential value of interventions that promote positive family communication patterns as a means of mitigating adolescent depression, particularly for families with daughters.

anger expression↗
PubMed1976

[The importance of the medical discussion for diagnosis in general medicine (author's transl)].

The process of diagnostic decision by the doctor was analyzed in 84 first consultations in 3 general practices. In 78 cases or 92.8%, a diagnosis was already made during the first consultation, in 50 or 64.1% on the basis of the discussion between the doctor and patient alone, in 28 cases or 35.9% of the first consultations additional diagnostic examinations were carried out by the doctor. Half a year after the first consultations to any diagnostic investigations at all. The medical conversation has been shown, therefore, to be the doctor's most important diagnostic instrument. Consequently, lack of attention to it in general medical training seems to be unjustified, the change in the patients in general practice makes a psychosomatic orientation of the conversation necessary.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1978

[Psychological treatment of transsexualism and sexual identity disorders some recent attempts].

Psychological treatments of transsexualism and sex gender Dysphoria syndroms. Recent data. There are generally two types of patients requesting sex change operations: one type is the classical but rare transsexual, the others belong to the larger more vague group of sex gender Dysphoria. These syndroms have been felt to be unresponsive to psychotherapy. We review here some recent attempts of psychological treatments which claim to improve satisfaction with biological sex gender identity and result in renonciation of the request of sex reassignment surgery (S.R.S.). These psychotherapies use various methods: Behavior therapy, psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy, religious exorcism and conversion. The reports reviewed suggest that sex gender identity may be more malleable than previously thought in transsexual syndrom, at least in relatively youthful subjects. Cases of recent onset of the syndrom which result from a crisis cases underline the necessity for careful evaluation and attempted psychological treatment before undertaking irreversible surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Use of problem-oriented medical record in psychiatry: a survey of university-based residency training programs.

A survey of university-based psychiatric residency training programs revealed that nearly one-half of them use the problem-oriented medical record (POMR) and that conversion to this system appears to be growing rapidly. Experiences with the method have in general been positive. The author identifies factors associated with successful operation of the POMR and suggests that an integrated, hospital-wide adoption of the system may be crucial.

Hospitals, University↗
PubMed1975

Non-physician development of problem lists from office records.

It has been argued that conversion of office records to the problem-oriented medical record entails a prohibitive cost in money and physician time. This study reports an evaluation of the cost of preparing problem lists from existing ambulatory patient records by non-physician personnel. The problem lists constructed by non-physician personnel were judged by physicians to be accurate, and the cost was much less than that required when physicians reviewed charts and prepared problem lists themselves. The method described here is an accurate and cost-effective way to begin conversion of outpatient records to P.O.M.R.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

A gradient method of optimizing external-beam radiotherapy treatment plans.

Although a number of methods of treatment optimization by computer have ben proposed, they have received little support. In this paper, an alternative approach is proposed based on the differentials of a treatment evaluation function with respect to wedge angle, incidence angle, entry point, and field weighting. The technique may be used in a batch-oriented computer system, or, by means of a conversational terminal, the therapist can plan a treatment with guidance from the program. Although it can be used to find global optima by a search process, it operates best as a method of improving partially-satisfactory treatments.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1976

Physiological aspects of visual perception. II. The subcortical visual direction of behavior.

The second part of the Bennett Lecture for 1975 by Denny-Brown examined the subcortical representation of the dissociation of function described by Denny-Brown and Chambers. Complete removal in the macaque monkey of the corticomesencephalic fibers where they pass from pulvinar to colliculus, and of the colliculus, resulted in the same loss of visual object identification, binocular fixation, and visuosocial behavior that followed removal of area 17. Vision for peripheral movement and spatial orientation ("panoramic vision") remained excellent, with release of catatonia. Conversely, unilateral electrolytic lesions of the mesencephalic tegmentum produced visuospatial distortion, asymmetry of optic righting, and directional difficulties in eye movement (Parinaud syndrome and skew deviation). When bilateral, tegmental lesions produced great constriction of visual field with release of convergence and fixation spasm. Suppression of peripheral attention resulted from perceptual rivalry.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A conversion code from the RCGP to the ICHPPC classification system.

Faculty members from four family medicine training programs participated in the production of a definitive conversion of the Royal College of General Practitioners Classification of Diseases as modified for use with problem-oriented medical records (RCGP) to the International Classification of Health Problems for Primary Care (ICHPPC). The method used to produce the conversion and the several problems encountered are described. A detailed translation with the appropriate ICHPPC equivalent for each RCGP diagnostic title and code number is provided.

Disease↗
PubMed1977

Language and memory disorders following closed head trauma.

Patients who suffer closed head trauma may demonstrate communication disorders which have been variously described as aplasia, severe memory impairments, traumatic aphasia, or confusion. The memory and language skills of 14 patients who had suffered closed head trauma were documented after they regained ocnsciousness and at one-month intervals for four monts utilizing the Porch Index of Communicative Ability and the Wechsler Memory Scale. Results indicated that patients initially suffered both reduced memory and language skills. After four months, expressive and receptive language skills were grossly functional for conversational purposes, and all memory taskd with the exception of orientation skills were within normal limits. Significant improvement in both language and memory functioning most often occurred during the first month after regaining consciousness, although gradual improvement in both language and memory skills was noted beyond the one-month period. No significant correlations existed between the length of unconsciousness and the initial and final language and memory scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mapping and gene conversion studies with the structural gene for iso-1-cytochrome C in yeast.

We have investigated the order of the four genes cyc1, rad7, SUP4, and cdc8 which form a tightly linked cluster on the right arm of chromosome X in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Crossing over and coconversion data from tetrad analysis established the gene order to be centromere-cyc1-rad7-SUP4. Also cdc8 appeared to be distal to SUP4 on the basis of crossovers that were associated with conversion of SUP4. The frequencies of recombination and the occurrence of coconversions suggest that these four genes are contiguous or at least nearly so. Gene-conversion frequencies for several cyc1 alleles were studied, including cyc1-1, a deletion of the whole gene that extends into the rad7 locus. The cyc1-1 deletion was found to be capable of conversion, though at a frequency some fivefold less than the other alleles studied, and both 3:1 and 1:3 events were detected. In general 1:3 and 3:1 conversion events were equally frequent at all loci studied, and approximately 50% of conversions were accompanied by reciprocal recombination for flanking markers. The orientation of the cyc1 gene could not be clearly deduced from the behavior of the distal marker SUP4 in wild-type recombinants that arose from diploids heteroallelic for cyc1 mutations.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2026

Acceptability and Feasibility of an Educational Intervention to Improve Researcher-Participant Interactions in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Clinical Trial: Research Team Feedback on the BRIEF Intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Interactions with families are essential to successful recruitment conversations that promote informed decision-making about clinical research enrollment. However, there is little evidence about how to implement communication-oriented recruitment training among pediatric clinical research teams. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Better Research Interactions for Every Family (BRIEF), a multipart educational intervention to improve relationship-based conversations about clinical trial enrollment with families in the neonatal setting. STUDY DESIGN: We piloted BRIEF in partnership with a neonatal clinical research team. Research team members completed surveys following the BRIEF intervention's online module and the BRIEF group training session. They completed self-assessments after consent discussions before and after the BRIEF intervention, in which they rated their achievement of recruitment skills taught in BRIEF. Research team members also completed a final study interview to provide feedback on the intervention components, training content, and use of skills in practice. RESULTS: All nine research team members completed all components of BRIEF. Survey responses showed moderate to low satisfaction with previous recruitment training before BRIEF and high satisfaction with the BRIEF training. Self-assessments showed significant increases in reported partnership with bedside nursing (p = 0.02) and confirmation of family names (p = 0.05) after BRIEF training. Interviews provided further evidence of overall satisfaction with the BRIEF training, its content, and the skills learned, as well as opportunities for improvement, particularly in supporting challenging conversations. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the BRIEF intervention, as well as opportunities for improvement in future training. KEY POINTS: · It was feasible to implement the BRIEF researcher training in a single-site NICU trial.. · BRIEF training was acceptable to research team members.. · BRIEF training shows potential to improve relationship-based research communication..

Humans↗
PubMed1977

A prospective study of nontraumatic coma: methods and results in 310 patients.

Neurological signs and outcome are compared in the first 310 patients from a continuing prospective study of coma not caused by trauma or drugs. Sixteen percent of the patients achieved an independent existence within a month; severe disability or the vegetative state developed in 25% of patients comatose for six hours and in 79% of those still in coma after a week. The chance of regaining an independent existence was greater in patients who, by one day, obeyed commands or moved the limbs appropriately in response to noxious stimuli or who had attained any of the following: orienting eye movements, normal responses to oculocephalic or oculovestibular stimulation, or normal muscle tone. Conversely, the chance of regaining an independent existence fell in patients who, after one day, had either extensor responses of the limbs or failed to move them in response to noxious stimuli or who lacked eye opening, pupillary reactions, corneal responses, or any eye movement in response to oculovestibular or oculocephalic stimulation. Beyond these general guidelines, numbers of patients with particular signs are presently too small for confident prediction of outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Risk factors in breast cancer.

Various factors have been found to be predictors of the relative risk of breast cancer (Table 2). Epidemiologic variables influencing breast cancer risk include age, marital status, geographic location, racial or ethnic extraction, and socioeconomic status. The risk of developing mammary carcinoma is increased with advancing age, among unmarried women, in the United States and Europe, and among women of higher socioeconomic classes. Conversely, a decreased breast cancer risk is observed among fertile married women in Asian countries, among Oriental women, and in lower socioeconomic classes. Reproductive history plays an important role in determining breast cancer risk. The risk of developing mammary carcinoma is increased by an early menarche and decreased by delayed first menses. A late natural menopause increases breast cancer risk while an early oophorectomy offers protection. Hormonal factors are thought to play important roles in the etiology of breast cancer, but the contributions of estrogenic and androgenic influences to mammary neoplasia have not been delineated. Certain estrogen fractions have been implicated as mammary carcinogens, while certain adrenal androgenic steroids have been shown to be promotors of breast cancers. Chronic cystic mastitis is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. A positive family history increases the risk of developing mammary carcinoma and a past history of breast cancer markedly increases the possibility of subsequent breast neoplasia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Use of a problem-oriented dental record in undergraduate dental education.

This paper describes how the concepts and methods of problem-orientation have been applied in the clinical education of dental students. It makes the point that the problem-oriented dental record is only one part of a complete system which has five interrelated components. The problem-oriented dental record is discussed in detail, and the paper includes examples of all four sections of the record. All sections of the record are interrelated, and the steps in identifying and resolving problems follow a logical sequence: (1) collect the data base, (2) write the cue list, (3) write the problem list, (4) write the initial plan, (5) write the final plan, and (6) record progress. The problem-oriented dental record is seen as a tool for patient care, audit, and education. The main advantage lies in the way information is organized and recorded. The record is highly communicative and permits everyone involved an opportunity to relate the data collected to the problem list and to the decisions made regarding how problems will be resolved. The record and the systems were borrowed from Weed and are being adapted for use in dentistry. Although still in the trial stages, this system has proven to have many more advantages than other record-keeping systems and is invaluable as a tool for education. In the future we plan to use computers to help store and retrieve data from these records. We anticipate that a dental education built on this record will have a lasting impact on the graduates' approach to patient care. This should result in a graduate who is conversant with medical colleagues and systematic in the collection of data, listing of problems, and resolution of patient problems. Finally, we believe that the problem-oriented dental record is also a good tool to help the dental graduate become more empathetic with patients and more aware of their total health needs. The record provides a mechanism for recording physical and emotional information as well as the oral status.

Dental Records↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructural studies on the cell walls in Fusarium sulphureum.

The cell walls of Fusarium sulphureum have a microfibrillar component that is randomly arranged. X-ray-diffraction diagrams of the microfibrils are consistent with a high degree of crystallinity and show that they are chitin. The chitin microfibrils of the peripheral walls envelop the hyphal apex and extend across the septae. During the first 8h in culture, the conversion of conidial cells to chlamydospores is evidenced by a swelling of the cells and the original microfibrils remain randomly arranged. Within 24h new wall material is deposited as the cells expand and the wall thickens. The new microfibrils are indistinguishable from those of the original conidial cells. After 3 days in culture, the chlamydospores are fully developed and have the characteristic thick wall which is a continuous layer of randomly arranged microfibrils. Chlamydospores maintained in a conversion medium for 8 days have microfibrils identical with those in 3-day-old cultures; thus a further change in the microfibril orientation did not occur during that period. Alkaline hydrolysis of the walls removes most of the electron-dense staining constituents from the inner wall layer and leaves the outer wall layer intact. This treatment also reveals some of the wall microfibrils. An additional treatment of the walls with HAc/H2O2 completely removes the wall components that react positively to heavy metal stains. The results are discussed in relation to the structure of other fungal cell walls.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1976

Iterpretation of clinical chemical data with the aid of automatic data processing.

I summarize conventional applications of computers in clinical laboratories and discuss the possible role of the computer in providing assistance in interpretation of laboratory data through the use of data bases. The data bases include effects of drugs on the results of laboratory tests, factors influencing references values, and conversion factors for converting data from conventional units to SIunits. Reported diagnostic applications of the computer are discussed with reference to both clinically oriented and laboratory oriented programs.

Autoanalysis↗