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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Degree of sobriety in male alcoholics and coping styles used by their wives.

The 'Coping With Drinking' questionnaire, administered to 124 A1-anon members, was factor analyzed and revealed nine identifiable styles of coping. Multiple regression analyses between three measures of sobriety and each of the nine styles of coping factors provide support for the general hypothesis that the coping styles used by wives of alcoholics are related to drinking outcome. Further, those modes of coping in which the wife communicates her feelings of distress and frustration to the drinking husband in a way which is minimally threatening for him seem to be most positively related to his attainment of sobriety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Successful coping styles in professional women.

This paper describes the experiences of seven women mental health professionals who met in a leaderless group over a period of a year and a half. There is a discussion of the conflicts for women in four major areas--competition, dependency needs, economic success and the search for role models, and the suggestion of possible successful resolutions in these conflict areas. The resolutions are a result of individual experiences and discussions in the group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Cognition and the disease process: genesis, maintenance, and treatment.

The present paper is directed toward the conceptualization of disease states and their management from the cognitive point of view. The role of cognitive sytlesand self-statements in the pathogenesis of disease and the execution of coping styles is presented. A review of the literature on the cognitive treatment of medical disorders has documented the utility of such approaches with several medical problems, but a need for more rigorous empirical efficacy remains. The necessity of analyzing the coping processes elicited by specific disease states is viewed as essential to the understanding of the patient and the design of intervention strategies. Finally, a cognitive analysis of patient compliance to treatment regimens is presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

The work of worrying in children undergoing surgery.

This study examined the relationship involving children's level of anxiety, defensiveness, and play patterns 1 week prior to, during, and 1 week after hospitalization for minor surgery. A 7-month follow-up was also conducted in order to assess the children's recall for hospital events and coping style. The results suggested that two classes of children could be identified. The children in one group distinguished themselves in terms of their disposition to engage in the "work of worrying" (i.e., were low defensive prior to hospitalization, actively played with stress-related toys prior to hospitalization, and reported minimal distress and anxiety following surgery). Those in the second group were highly defensive, avoided playing with stress-related toys, and reported most anxiety following surgery. The parallel between children and adults patterns of dealing with surgery was considered in terms of Janis's (1978) model of coping with psychological stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting coping of adolescents and infants on a reverse isolation unit.

This paper describes factors that affect the coping processes of adolescents with aplastic anemia and infants with severe combined immuno-deficiency disease treated on a reverse isolation unit. The adolescents demonstrated a rich diversity of coping styles depending on the interaction of a variety of factors. Special stresses to other family members, such as the reactions of the child donor, are also highlighted. For the infants, the dyadic relationship with the mothering figure, the feelings of the family about the fact of genetic transmission, and the impact of isolation on the infant's development are identified as important psychosocial variables in the infant's adjustment. A multidimensional perspective such as that provided within a systems framework, which encourages an appreciation of the interactive diversity of all factors, is presented as the most useful approach to interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Practical problems in the treatment of pain.

According to modern pain concepts, "pain" is the result of multifactorial influences. Planning of therapy therefore requires the diagnostic evaluation of a number of factors including delineation of an organic lesion, evaluation of the influence of pain on the individual's psychological development, situational anxiety, psychological coping style etc. The understanding and management of psychological factors is crucial in every pain syndrome as the idea the pain is either psychogenic or organic is outdated. For the treatment of mild pain salicylic acid is still unsurpassed. The rationale of its combination with a tranquillizer, and with codeine or benzomorphane for moderately severe pain, can be understood on the basis of modern pain concepts. Before strong narcotics are used a trial with combination of a phenothiazine with a tricyclic antidepressant drug is warranted. Methadone seems to have advantages over morphine for very distressing pain treated with narcotics. Biofeedback for pain due to muscle spasms, electrical stimulation of the dorsal column for intense chronic pain due to a well-delineated organic lesion, and operant conditioning applied by a well-trained team of physicians and staff are promising new treatments for pain. The place of acupuncture in future pain therapy cannot yet be judged. It must first be freed of cult-type opinions and evaluated further by studies meeting modern western standards of pain research.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2026

Nurse-led attribution remodeling training based on the Neuman systems model to enhance resilience, adaptive coping, and attributional style in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Psychological interventions for patients with breast cancer often overlook the critical role of maladaptive attributional style in shaping their adjustment. Therefore, the need for theory-driven, scalable interventions that target cognitive restructuring, particularly during the vulnerable post-diagnosis period, is clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led attribution remodeling training intervention grounded in the Neuman systems model for improving resilience, adaptive coping, and attributional style among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A tertiary general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 130 eligible women newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited between March and November 2024. METHODS: A two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either attribution remodeling training plus routine nursing (n = 65) or routine nursing only (n = 65). The nurse-led attribution remodeling training intervention, delivered via a blended model of in-person sessions and continued support through the WeChat mobile platform, was designed to systematically reshape maladaptive attributions into more adaptive ones. Resilience (primary indicator), coping strategy (i.e., confrontation, avoidance, resignation), and attributional style (secondary indicators) were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-baseline. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effects of group, time, and group-by-time interactions. Effect sizes (Cohen's D) were calculated based on the means and standard deviations. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention group had better outcomes than the control group in terms of resilience (mean difference: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 2.61), confrontation coping (3.35 [2.33, 4.37]), and adaptive attributional style (4.16 [3.87, 4.45]). Avoidance coping showed a small increase (0.82 [0.22, 1.42]), whereas resignation coping decreased (-1.66 [-2.49, -0.83]). Group effects and group-by-time interactions were statistically significant for all outcomes. Effect sizes at 6 months ranged from small for resilience (D = 0.28) and avoidance coping (D = 0.26) to moderate for confrontation coping (D = 0.60) and resignation coping reduction (D = -0.51), and large for attributional style (D = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Attribution remodeling training is a promising and effective theory-based intervention that can enhance psychological adaptation in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. By strengthening key defense mechanisms, as conceptualized by the Neuman systems model, the program is effective, scalable, and nurse-deliverable for psycho-oncology care, bridging a critical gap in supportive cancer care and empowering nurses as primary psychological support providers. REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000031827, registered prospectively on April 11, 2020, www.Chictr.or.cn.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Resentful and reflective coping with arbitrary authority and blood pressure: Detroit.

Two hypotheses about coping with an arbitrary authority, an angry boss, were tested: (1) styles of handling anger vary with social status, and (2) these styles are in turn related to blood pressure levels. Two styles of coping were tested: model R-R, Resentful vs. Reflective, and model I/O/R, Anger-In, Anger-Out, and Reflective. Handling an angry boss by Reflection is reported by more women than men, by those in middle-class areas rather than lower class, and does not vary by race. Working class report more use of Anger-Out than middle class who in turn report more use of Reflection. In general, the Anger-In response did not vary by race, sex, or area of residence (12-18%). For model R-R, Reflection of boss's anger was related to lower blood pressure when compared to Resentful responses, within sex, race, and residence groups. For model I/O/R, working-class, high stress persons who expressed Anger-Out showed the highest mean levels. Reflection is an appraisal response related to vascular and neural deceleration in stress experiments. This mode can be learned, and may aid in handling daily emotional-loaded stimuli to control blood pressure, along with learning a relaxation response.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Associations of Illness Perception, Resignation Coping, and Social Support With Self-Regulatory Fatigue in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

AIMS: To examine the associations among illness perception, resignation coping, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study specifically explores whether resignation coping and social support exhibit indirect associations with SRF in the context of illness perception. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: From November 2024 to October 2025, a convenience sample of 302 adult patients with T2DM was recruited from a tertiary general hospital in China. Participants completed validated instruments with established psychometric properties, namely the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation and serial mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro (Model 6) with bias-corrected bootstrapping. RESULTS: SRF was positively correlated with negative illness perception (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.579, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01) and resignation coping (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.612, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), and negatively correlated with social support (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.598, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). Serial mediation analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with SRF through indirect pathways involving resignation coping and social support. Resignation coping and social support mediated the association between illness perception and self-regulatory fatigue, both individually and sequentially. CONCLUSIONS: Negative illness perception correlates with higher SRF. This observed correlation is additionally linked to indirect pathways involving resignation coping and lower social support. Collectively, these findings highlight a pattern of interrelated cognitive (illness perception), behavioural (resignation coping), and resource (social support) factors that are associated with self-regulatory fatigue in this cross-sectional study. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: The findings offer a clear, evidence-based framework for nursing practice. They highlight the potential value of integrated assessment and intervention that simultaneously addresses patients' illness beliefs, maladaptive coping strategies, and social support systems, which are associated with lower SRF and better diabetes self-management. REPORTING METHOD: This study adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross-sectional studies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients participated solely as research participants by providing survey data. They were not involved in the study design, implementation, data analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. All patients provided written informed consent prior to questionnaire completion.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Art and recovery style from psychosis.

The concepts of integration and sealing-over as recover styles from acute psychosis are common clinical parlance. Our experience with acute schizophrenic patients has led to specific operational definitions and a scale which can reliably assign patients to these two categories. All acutely schizophrenic patients on an NIH Clinical Center research ward participated in individual art sessions during drug-free periods at admission, at discharge, and at 1-year follow-up. In each session, the patient drew: a) a picture of his choice; b) a self-portrat; and c) a picture of his psychiatric illness. We hypothesized that integrators would pictorially represent themselves and their illness with greater expression, ideational fullness, and affective force than patients who sealed-over. Twenty-four patients were divided equally into integrator and sealing-over groups (based upon ratings at follow-up) and matched for age, sex, and race. Their art productions were presented randomly to two independent raters unfamiliar with the patients. They scored pictures quantitatively for color, motion, detail, empty space, and global expressiveness. Inter-rater reliability was satisfactory. A mean rating was obtained for all pictures from each patient on each of the five art variables. Paired t-tests (two-tailed) were applied to contrast the two groups on each of the five art variables. The results were that the integrators used more color (p less than .05), drew with greater detail (p less than .01), and more globally more expressive (p less than .05). Integrators also tended to depict more motion (p less than .10), but were not different from the sealing-over patients in amount of space left empty. These results support the validity of integration and sealing-over as defined and support the use of art as a medium through which differences in individual styles of coping with the psychosis can be discriminated. Slides of the patients' artwork illustrate the findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

College women's attitudes and expectations concerning menstrual-related changes.

The present study examined college women's expectations, attitudes, and knowledge about menstrual-related changes in order to provide a more complete picture of how women perceive the experience of menstruation and to explore the interrelationships of these variables. The women responded to the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire as if they were premenstrual and as if they were intermenstrual in order to examine expectations about symptom changes for themselves. They also responded to a series of agree/disagree items, which yielded five dimensions of attitudes or styles of coping with menstruation. In general, the results suggested that these college women accepted menstruation rather routinely and did not perceive it as overly disruptive. Furthermore, it appears that beliefs about menstruation are more complex than previously thought, involving differential perceptions of physical versus psychological symptoms and a variety of dimensions of menstrual-related attitudes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Infant day care as a treatment intervention: a follow-up comparison study.

Three-year-old children who had been in an infant day care treatment program were compared with matched normal children who were entering regular day care for the first time at age 3, to evaluate the effects of early day care intervention. All children were assessed on general pathology, play, socialization, and separation variables in arrival, play, and mealtime situations and were naturalistically observed in the day centers. No significant differences between groups were found on any of the variables within situations or across situations, supporting the hypothesis that the treatment intervention supported major positive emotional developments and that the early separations were not detrimental in effect. Significant differences between the two groups on clusters of variables suggest patterns in coping and disturbance style specific to the control group and significantly different from the day care group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Permanent total parenteral nutrition: psychological and social responses of the early stages.

Permanent Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving but complicated procedure which has profound effects upon the lives of patients and their families, but there is a dearth of information on the the psychosocial consequences of this unique form of therapy. The authors worked with 19 consecutive TPN patients in hospital and after discharge and observed their reactions. It was found that the earliest stages were the most difficult, with anxiety, depression, fear, and negative body image predictable and universal experiences. Major adjustment problems centered around the loss of the basic function, eating. This artificial form of feeding forced multiple alterations in the patients' life styles. Their ability to cope with this intrusive procedure was related to the level of restitution of physical health, ego strength, and the family and hospital support systems. If, in addition to being a life-sustaining procedure, TPN is to restore the psychological stability of patients, all team members must be aware of the psychosocial factors involved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Psychological stress, ego defenses, and cortisol production in children hospitalized for elective surgery.

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the effectiveness of coping mechanisms and physiological indicators of distress in children faced with the experience of hospitalization and surgery. Twenty-five children between the ages of 7 and 11 were studied in the out-patient department, 2 weeks before surgery, and again during their hospital stay. Effectiveness of defenses and defense style was measured by a clinical interview and by the Rorschach test. Cortisol production rates were measured by the analysis of 24-hour urine collections at home and again in the hospital. Ward adjustment was also rated by a ward questionnaire. The results indicated no relationship between defense effectiveness and cortisol production rates in the out-patient department and an inverse relationship between cortisol production and defense effectiveness under the stress of hospitalization. Defense style was found to correlate with coping under stress. Four different groups of children emerged, suggesting four different types of reaction to the hospital experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗