PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “cucumber”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Strain Diversity and Resistance to Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) in Cucumber.

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a tobamovirus that causes disease in cucumber crops worldwide, leading to significant economic losses. To study the variability of CGMMV in southeastern Spain, partial genome sequences were obtained from isolates collected in 2017 and 2020 from cucumber crops. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolates clustered into two major groups, Asian (AS)-like and European (EU)-like CGMMV isolates. These two groups coexisted in the same area, crops, and even individual plants, although the AS type predominated. The accumulation and symptom expression of molecularly cloned isolates from these two groups were assessed in two cucumber cultivars (resistant and susceptible) under both summer and winter conditions. An in planta antagonistic interaction was detected between the AS and EU isolates, in which the accumulation of CGMMV-EU was suppressed during mixed infections. A multivariate analysis did not identify statistically significant differences because of variations in environmental conditions. Unlike CGMMV-EU, CGMMV-AS did not show significant differences in accumulation based on the plant genotype. To further investigate this, the response to CGMMV-AS infection was analyzed in additional susceptible and resistant cultivars. All cultivars appeared to be similarly susceptible to CGMMV-AS, in contrast to CGMMV-EU, which accumulated to a much lower extent in resistant compared with susceptible plants. These results reinforce the need to continue epidemiological surveillance, identify new sources of resistance, and implement strict control of infected seed trade, given the growing threat that CGMMV-AS isolates pose to cucumber cultivation.

agroinfectious clone↗
PubMed1976

Investigation on the infection of cucumber mesophyll protoplasts with cucumber mosaic virus.

Isolated protoplasts from the first leaf mesophyll of cucumber plants have been successfully infected in vitro with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Virus instability before, during and after inoculation of the protoplasts resulted in low infectivities when extracts were assayed on cowpea; however, viral RNA extraction improved the bioassay technique. Attempts to optimize inoculation and incubation of protoplasts are outlined, incorporating the improved assay.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5. VI. Characterization and denaturation-renaturation behavior of the double-stranded form.

The double-stranded form of cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5 has been purified and further characterized. Its molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium is 2.15 . 10(5). The buoyant density calculated from its symmetrical distribution in Cs2SO4, following isopycnic ultracentrifugation, is 1.615 g/cm3. The sedimentation rate of double-stranded cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5 is slightly greater than that of cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5; its electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel (2.4%) is less than that of cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5. By the above standards the double-stranded cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5 preparations used were found to be nomogeneous in size as well as density. Thermal denaturation monitored by means of ultraviolet light absorption produced multitransitional denaturation profiles. The average melting temperature (Tm) was 88 degrees C in 0.1 x SSC. Monotransitional denaturation profiles and slightly higher Tm values were obtained when resistance against ribonuclease digestion was measured. These denaturation experiments and other propertied led to the conclusion that double-stranded cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5 and the double-stranded form of peanut stunt virus-associated RNA 5 are small double-stranded nucleic acids with several homostable base-pair regions, characterized by distinct G + C contents and Tm values.

Kinetics↗
PubMed1991

Transmission of cucumber leaf spot virus by Olpidium radicale.

The ability of zoospores of four cultures of Olpidium radicale and one of O. brassicae to transmit viruses acquired in vitro from dilute virus solutions was compared. Transmission was demonstrated by infectivity and serological assays of the roots of cucumber seedlings 6 days after inoculation. A bulk culture of O. radicale, from cucumber plant roots collected near Nantes, France, a single-sporangial culture derived from it, and a single-sporangial culture from melon plant roots collected near Woodland, California, U.S.A., transmitted cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) and the cucumber fruit streak strain of CLSV (CLSV-FS). A bulk culture of O. radicale from melon plant roots collected at Montfavet, France, did not transmit CLSV or CLSV-FS. All four cultures transmitted cucumber necrosis and melon necrotic spot viruses, used as positive controls, but they did not transmit cucumber soil-borne, squash necrosis, petunia asteroid mosaic or tobacco necrosis viruses. In each of the trials a single-sporangial culture of O. brassicae from lettuce plant grown in California transmitted only tobacco necrosis virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Transformation of cucumber tissues by microprojectile bombardment: identification of plants containing functional and non-functional transferred genes.

The microprojectile bombardment method was used to transfer DNA into embryogenic callus of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and stably transformed cucumber plant lines were obtained. A total of 107 independently regenerated cucumber plants were assayed for the presence and expression of the transferred Nos-NPTII gene (encoding nopaline synthase-neomycin phosphotransferase II). Genomic blot hybridization analyses showed that a high percentage (16%) of the cucumber plants were transformed with Nos-NPTII; however, only about 25% of these transgenic plants expressed Nos-NPTII. Inactivity of Nos-NPTII in many of the transformed cucumber plants may be associated with the transfer of multiple copies of Nos-NPTII. PCR and genomic blot hybridization analyses were used to show that the transferred gene was inherited in the subsequent plant generation.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2026

Deciphering differential mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in response to PEG simulated drought stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a vital fruit vegetable of the Cucurbitaceae family, originated in India ∼ 3000 years ago. It is widely used in the culinary, therapeutic, and cosmetic sectors. Cucumber cultivation is significantly impacted by drought stress, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigates the molecular response to drought using two contrasting cucumber lines: WBC-23-2 (drought-tolerant) and DGPC-59 (drought-sensitive). Drought was simulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG), and effects on physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated. The tolerant line exhibited reduced leaf wilting and higher relative water content (RWC). Based on these physiological markers, transcriptomic profiling was employed to identify the underlying regulatory networks. Analysis identified 4,736 DEGs, suggesting that the tolerant line's superior resilience is driven by preferential activation of genes involved in photosynthesis and glutathione metabolism. Conversely, the sensitive genotype showed enrichment in organonitrogen compound catabolism and water deprivation response. This divergence is further reflected in the regulation of 155 transcription factors (TFs) across various families, indicating distinct regulatory architectures between the two lines. Additionally, 774 drought-responsive long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified, acting via cis, trans, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms to modulate gene expression. Key candidate genes associated with drought tolerance included WAT1-related protein At5g64700, thaumatin-like protein, berberine bridge enzyme-like 18, probable WRKY transcription factor, and pathogenesis-related protein 1. This study reveals a complex regulatory network of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and TFs underlying drought response and provides a valuable foundation for breeding drought-resilient cucumber cultivars. A web-based genomic resource, CsDTDb, has been developed and made publicly available to facilitate future functional genomics studies related to drought tolerance in cucumber.

DEGs↗
PubMed2025

Expression regulation network in papillae of sea cucumbers: Whole-transcriptome and DNA methylation datasets.

To elucidate the expression regulation network of papilla size of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus), the whole-transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets of different sizes of papillae in sea cucumbers were generated. Average clean bases of whole-transcriptome (16.35 G) and DNA methylome (28.92 G) were obtained using RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing techniques. A total of 3,188 ceRNA networks were also identified including 3,081 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA)/microRNAs (miRNA)/mRNA networks and 107 circular RNA (circRNA)/miRNA/mRNA networks. Methylome data indicate that there were 3,307 and 3,776 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with high-level methylation as well as 3,125 and 3,016 DMRs with low-level methylation in big papillae compared to small papillae. The identified DMRs were mainly distributed in introns, promotors, or exons. The whole-transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets generated from this study not only established a robust theoretical foundation (especially from the epigenetic aspect) for elucidating expression regulation network determining papilla size in sea cucumbers but also can be a valuable resource of biomarker mining for papilla appearance-based selective breeding in sea cucumbers.

DNA Methylation↗
PubMed2026

Host genetic regulation of xylem-resident Pseudomonas enhances cucumber growth.

BACKGROUND: Although endophytic microorganisms play a critical role in plant growth and stress resilience, the genetic basis underlying host selection of beneficial microbiota-particularly within the xylem-remains poorly understood. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), as a crop model with a well-developed system for studying vascular biology, offers a valuable system to investigate the host genetic determinants of xylem microbiome assembly. RESULTS: By conducting population-level microbiome profiling across 109 cucumber accessions, we identified a conserved xylem microbiota dominated by Proteobacteria. Within this community, 20 core amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were consistently present in xylem sap. Genome-wide association mapping identified a host genetic locus, CsXPR1, which encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that regulates the abundance of the dominant xylem-colonized Pseudomonas ASV_4. Colonization patterns of ASV_4 varied across host genotypes and were correlated with CsXPR1 expression levels, suggesting a precision genetic regulation of bacterial entry into vascular tissues. Pseudomonas fulva strain 220, with 97% 16S rRNA gene identity with ASV_4, could colonize in cucumber xylem by inoculation of either roots or leaves. Genome analysis and plate assays revealed the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilization of phosphate, and a range of plant beneficial traits in strain 220. Inoculation with strain 220 significantly enhanced growth in cucumber, but only in CsXPR1 haplotype that exhibited high gene expression and higher recruitment capacity of the strain. These benefits included notable increases in plant height (38%), stem diameter (36%), leaf area (61%), fresh and dry weight (51% and 85%, respectively), and a 4.57-fold increase in 4-methyleneglutamine content within the xylem sap. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal a complete "gene-to-function" pathway where the host gene CsXPR1 mediates a genotype-dependent growth promotion. It achieves this by regulating the xylem colonization of a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas fulva, which in turn enhances plant growth by enriching the xylem sap with the key metabolite 4-methyleneglutamine. Video Abstract.

Cucumis sativus↗
PubMed1991

Structure of a fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber. Evidence for the presence of 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronosyl residues.

The structure of a unique focose-branched chondroitin sulfate isolated from the body wall of a sea cucumber was examined in detail. This glycosaminoglycan contains side chain disaccharide units of sulfated fucopyranosyl units linked to approximately one-half of the glucuronic acid moieties through the O-3 position of the acid. The intact polysaccharide is totally resistant to chondroitinase degradation, whereas, after defucosylation, it is partially degraded by the enzyme. However, only after an additional step of desulfation, the chondroitin from sea cucumber is almost totally degraded by chondroitinase AC or ABC. This result, together with the methylation and NMR studies of the native and chemically modified polysaccharide, suggest that besides the fucose branches, the sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate contains sulfate esters at position O-3 of the beta-D-glucuronic acid units. Furthermore, the proteoglycan from the sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate is recognized by anti-Leu-7 monoclonal antibody, which specifically recognizes 3-sulfoglucuronic acid residues. In analogy with the fucose branched units, the 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronosyl residues are resistant to chondroitinase degradation. Regarding the position of the glycosidic linkage and site of sulfation in the fucose branches, our results suggest high heterogeneity. Tentatively, it is possible to suggest the preponderance of disaccharide units formed by 3,4-di-O-sulfo-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl units glycosidically linked through position 1----2 to 4-O-sulfo-alpha-L-fucopyranose. Finally, the presence of unusual 4/6-disulfated disaccharide units, together with the common 6-sulfated and non-sulfated units, was detected in the chondroitin sulfate core of this polysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

The CsTBH-CsROP2 Module Regulates Waterlogging Tolerance via Auxin-Mediated Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) requires frequent irrigation due to its shallow root system and high transpiration rate of the aboveground parts. However, it is also prone to waterlogging damage. Therefore, understanding its response to waterlogging is crucial for breeding waterlogging-tolerant varieties. Although Rho of Plants GTPases play well-established roles in regulating development and stress signalling, their functions in plant adaptation to waterlogging stress has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified nine CsROP genes in the cucumber genome, which exhibit evolutionary diversification but retain conserved functional domains. Functional analysis revealed that CsROP2 acts as a negative regulator of adventitious root formation. It modulates auxin accumulation in hypocotyl vascular bundles, thereby suppressing adventitious root development and enhancing waterlogging sensitivity. The HD-Zip I transcription factor CsTBH directly binds the CsROP2 promoter and activates its expression. Our study uncovers a CsTBH-CsROP2 module that governs adventitious rooting and waterlogging tolerance by modulating auxin homeostasis. These findings provide new insights into the crosstalk between developmental programmes and stress signalling pathways and offer potential genetic targets for improving stress resilience in cucumber and other crops.

CsROP2↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of chondroitin sulfate E in glycosaminoglycan isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus.

Glycosaminoglycan was isolated from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus by a method consisting of enzymatic digestion, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. One gram of sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan was composed of 2.50 mmol of sulfate, 0.47 mmol of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), 0.53 mmol of glucuronic acid (GlcA), 1.73 mmol of fucose, and a small amount of peptide. When mildly hydrolyzed with 0.1 N H2SO4, this glycosaminoglycan released two products, one consisting of fucose plus sulfate and the other of fucose only. Partially hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycan thus obtained was composed of sulfate, GalNAc, GlcA, and fucose at a molar ratio of 3:2:2:1. Partially hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycan was easily digested with chondroitinase AC II. In ion-exchange chromatography, the digest exhibited four sharp peaks whose retention times agreed with those of unsaturated 0-(delta Di-0S), mono-(delta Di-4S and delta Di-6S), and di-(delta Di-SE) sulfated disaccharide, respectively. The disaccharide unit of sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan was composed of 22.4% chondroitin sulfate E, 11.2% chondroitin, 10.4% chondroitin 4-sulfate, and 56.0% chondroitin 6-sulfate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Length heterogeneity of the rRNA precursor in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

The length homogeneous part of the intergenic spacer (IGS) of the 18S-25S ribosomal RNA genes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was characterized by sequencing 2389 bp preceding the 18S rRNA coding region of a 12.5 kbp repeat type. This part of the IGS is composed of repeated elements and shows a very complex structural organization. Most obvious is a 119 bp element which is repeated seven times. A single transcription initiation site (TIS) was detected by a 'T4 polymerase stop' experiment upstream of these repetitions giving rise to a 2013 bp 5' external transcribed spacer (ETS) for cucumber. Nuclease mapping showed several transcription termination sites (TTS): the first one is located 350 bp downstream of the 25S rRNA coding region, the others are found within the duplications of this region accounting for the length heterogeneity of cucumber rDNA. Therefore, the TTS is repeated two or three times in the IGS depending on the length of the respective repeat classes and the rRNA precursor is heterogeneous in length varying from approx. 8000 to 11000 nts.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1976

The enzymic formation of long chain aldehydes and alcohols by alpha-oxidation of fatty acids in extracts of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus).

1. An enzyme system that catalyses the alpha-oxidation of fatty acids to shorter chain products is present in acetone powders of cucumber fruits. 2. In the absence of NAD+, the predominant product from palmitic acid is pentadecanal. Addition of NAD+ gives rise to a homologous series of n-alkanals, the concentrations of which are in the same order as that reported in the volatile products formed on homogenization of cucumbers, i.e. C15 greater than C14 greater than C13 greater than C12. 3. Pentadecan-1-ol is also formed from palmitic acid in the absence of added NAD+; C15, C14 and C13 n-alkanols are produced in the presence of NAD+. 4. The substrate specificity for saturated fatty acids is in the order C12 less than C14 greater than C16 greater than C18. Unsaturated C18 acids are oxidized more readily than stearic acid. 5. The alpha-oxidation system is inhibited by dithiothreitol, cysteine, imidazole and certain metal ligands (CN-, N3-, diphenylthiocarbazone) but not by EDTA. 6. Differences between the alpha-oxidation system in cucumber and those previously reported in other plants are discussed.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1991

1H-NMR characterization of cucumber peroxidases.

Two peroxidase isoenzymes from Cucumber seedlings, one acidic (pI = 4) and one basic (pI = 9), were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The NMR spectra were obtained in the native (ferric high-spin) and cyanide ligated (ferric low-spin) forms of both isoenzymes. The NMR spectral comparison of paramagnetically shifted resonances with those of the well characterized horseradish peroxidase C, HRP(C), isoenzyme indicates that both cucumber peroxidases have a protohemin IX prosthetic group with proximal histidine coordinated to the heme iron. The downfield heme 1H-NMR shift pattern is distinct for each isoenzyme, and this reflects presumably dissimilar heme active site environments. The basic isoenzyme shows less asymmetry in heme 1H-NMR signals as compared to the acidic isoenzyme or HRP(C) isoenzyme. It was also found that the acidic cucumber peroxidase exists predominantly as a monomeric species in solution with 30 kDa molecular mass as opposed to its earlier characterization as a 60 kDa dimeric protein.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2026

Natural variants of CsSHN1 orchestrate a temporal regulatory cascade driving fruit skin netting in cucumber.

Fruit skin netting (russeting, Rs) forms when epidermal microcracks are sealed by a suberized periderm, reducing marketability. We previously identified the Rs locus (CsSHN1), which encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor, as a major determinant of cucumber skin netting, but how fruit growth is temporally coupled to periderm formation remains unclear. Here, we integrated population genomics, time-series multiomics, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), and transgenic assays to decode the CsSHN1-mediated regulatory network. Six functionally relevant CsSHN1 variants were identified across 325 cucumber accessions. Allele distribution and selective sweep analyses revealed breeding-driven selection for smooth fruit skin. Overexpression of a netted allele in a smooth background induced epidermal fissures, altered cell geometry, and increased fruit size, demonstrating a dosage-sensitive effect. Time-series transcriptomics and metabolomics of near-isogenic lines (NILs) defined 3 developmental phases of netting: early suppression of lignin and trehalose genes preceding cracks, growth-driven fissuring accompanied by cell-wall remodeling and defense activation, and maturation-stage cell-wall degradation with strong induction of ligno-suberin biosynthesis. Across the cucumber genome, DAP-seq identified approximately 8,000 in vitro CsSHN1 binding sites. These binding sites were significantly enriched for the GCC-box motif and included genes involved in cutin and suberin biosynthesis. Together, these results show that CsSHN1 orchestrates fruit skin netting through a growth-coupled temporal regulatory cascade, providing a mechanistic framework for manipulating fruit epidermal properties.

Cucumis sativus↗
PubMed1978

Plant microbody proteins. Purification and glycoprotein nature of glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase from cucumber cotyledons.

1. Isocitrate lyase from cotyledons of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus) has been purified 100-fold. Two methods of preparing the soluble glyoxylate cycle enzyme are described: an elaborated method which used crude extracts of cucumber cotyledons, and another procedure which started with purified glyoxysomes from 4-day-old cotyledons and included a separation of glyoxysomal matrix enzymes by zonal centrifugation. The product behaved as a single species when tested by (a) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate, (b) zonal centrifugation, and (c) double immunodiffusion against rabbit antibody to isocitrate lyase. 2. Isocitrate lyase of cucumber glyoxysomes exhibited a molecular weight of 255,000 and was composed of four apparently identical subunits of Mr 64,000. An isoelectric point of 5.9 was determined. 3. It was shown that isocitrate lyase is a glycoprotein, (a) by Schiff stain on polyacrylamide gels, (b) by periodate oxidation of the enzyme, subsequent reduction with NaB[3H]4 and electrophoretic analysis of the labelled glycoprotein, and (c) by incorporation of [3H]glucosamine in vivo into a protein which could be precipitated with antibodies to isocitrate lyase and revealed a 64,000-Mr band upon electrophoresis.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of plant genomes. IV. Isolation and characterization of satellite DNA components from two dicotyledons cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish (Raphanus sativus).

Satellite DNA fractions from cucumber and radish, two plants having low DNA contents and relatively small chromosomes, were isolated and characterized. Reassociation studies of satellite and total nuclear DNA showed that the satellite fractions in these two plants contain most of the rapidly reassociating DNA. Cucumber satellite I was found to contain one major component (70% of the total satellite) having a density of 1.706 g/cm3 and a Tm of 90.5 degrees C and a minor component with a density of 1.712 g/cm3 and a Tm of 93.5 degrees C. The complexity of the major component was estimated to be 3.8 X 10(5) daltons while that of the minor one was 12.9 X 10(7) daltons. Although cucumber satellite II banded as a single peak at a density of 1.700 g/cm3 in neutral CsCl gradients, it was observed to have a rather broad denaturation profile with a Tm of 86.5 degrees C. Its Cot curve was also broader than that of satellite I and one of its components (40% of the total) had a complexity of 5.8 X 10(5) daltons. Two satellite fractions were also observed in the case of radish DNA but only satellite I was isolated in a pure form and characterized. This radish satellite formed a sharp, symmetrical peak at a density of 1.698 g/cm3 in neutral CsCl gradients and underwent denaturation in a narrow temperature range of 6 to 7 degrees C. An analysis of the optical reassociation kinetics showed that this satellite contained a major and a minor component. The major component, which comprised 80% of the satellite, had a complexity of 12.9 X 10(5) daltons. Hybridization experiments revealed that the ribosomal DNA was present in satellite II.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗