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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Comparison of intestinal (Illinois strain) and cell culture-adapted (M-HP strain) viral populations of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.

Intestinal and cell culture-adapted viral populations of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine were compared by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation, immunnofluorescence, electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, statistical analysis of the number of plaque-forming units, and ultraviolet sensitivity. Results indicated that the size range and general coronavirus morphologic characteristics were shared by both viral populations. Marked morphologic variations existed among particles from both populations. Unlike the cell culture-adapted virus, the Illinois virus of intestinal origin was infractions representing 2 bands of infectivity which were isolated by the sucrose gradient centrifugation method. The intestinal and cell culture-adapted TGE viruses were similar in antigenicity and in sensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation. There was no indication of a 2nd virus in addition to the coronavirus described as the cause of TGE.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Evaluating a culturally adapted question prompt list to improve end-of-life communication among indonesian migrant caregivers: A randomized controlled trial with qualitative insights.

OBJECTIVE: Indonesian caregivers serve as essential providers of end-of-life (EOL) care in Taiwan. But often face communication challenges due to language, cultural, and hierarchical barriers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a culturally adapted Question Prompt List (QPL). METHODS: This study employed a two-arm randomized controlled trial design supplemented with qualitative interviews. The study was conducted in a hospice ward and home care setting within a medical center in Taiwan. A total of sixty Indonesian caregivers were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;30) or the control group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;30). The intervention group received routine end-of-life (EOL) education along with a culturally adapted Question Prompt List (QPL), which consisted of 37 items covering domains including the dying process, emotional support, communication, symptom management, and care decision-making. The control group received routine EOL education. Outcome measures included caregiving preparedness, communication self-efficacy, satisfaction, and question-asking behavior. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants, and the data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance revealed no statistically significant between-group differences in caregiving preparedness (F = 1.58, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;.215 [-0.41, 0.44]) or communication selfefficacy (F = 0.83, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;.366 [-0.44, 0.79]). However, communication satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention group (F = 4.19, p&#x202f;<&#x202f;.05 [0.04, 0.44]). The number of questions asked was also significantly higher in the intervention group (t&#x202f;=&#x202f;-4.35, p&#x202f;<&#x202f;.001 [-5.41, -1.98]). Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified 4 themes and 14 subthemes, illustrating how the QPL reduced anxiety, clarified care needs, and improved confidence. CONCLUSIONS: A culturally adapted QPL can enhance communication engagement and satisfaction among migrant caregivers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Integrating culturally tailored QPLs into caregiver education and palliative care practice may promote more inclusive and effective communication.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Alteration of immunoglobulin phenotype in cell culture-adapted lines of two mouse plasmacytomas.

Murine plasmacytomas can be adapted to continuous in vitro culture by alternate passage between culture and animal. We have found that the kinetics of adaptation reflect a selection for the growth of variant plasmacytoma cells. The inclusion of an altered immunoglobulin phenotype in such variant cells could explain the Ig-producing variants that we observed in two of six transplantable lines of plasmacytomas that were adapted to culture. The first variant, an IgM-producing cell line (104-76), was adapted from a transplanted line of MOPC 104E that had stopped producing IgM with binding specificity for alpha1-3 Dextran. Unlike MOPC 104E, the IgM of 104-76 contains kappa- instead of lambda-light chains and probably contains an altered or different mu-heavy chain. A second variant (352-57) was found in an IgG2b-producing tumor (MOPC 352) which was induced in a BALB/c mouse strain (CB-6) that carried Ig genes of the C57BL/Ka allotype. This cell line apparently switched from producing IgG2b molecules of the C57BL allotype (H9) and of a known idiotype to IgG1 molecules of the BALB/c allotype (F19) without the idiotype marker. The propagation of a biclonal plasmacytoma from the time of original tumor induction does not appear as a likely explanation for these results. Rather, we seem to be dealing with plasmacytoma variants or with the possible induction of secondary tumors of host origin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a new infectious bronchitis virus isolate. III. Cell-culture adaptation of Clark 333.

The Clark 333 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was substantially resistant to primary chicken cell-culture adaptation. More than 40 serial embryo passages were required before the virus would produce cytopathic alterations upon cell-culture inoculation. The cytopathic effect was characteristic of the effect of reported for IBV. Adaptation was not accomplished by alternating serial passages in embryo and cell-cultured systems. A careful monitoring of cell-culture fluid infectivity by embryo inoculation was found to be essential because absence of adaptation is accompanied by a loss in virus titer (3 to 5 serial passages). Helpful additional aids were immunofluorescence and cytopathology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth kinetics of embryo- and organ-culture adapted Beaudette strain of infectious bronchitis virus in embryonated chicken eggs.

Three Beaudette strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) [two chicken-embryo trachea-culture-adapted (E71CET10 and E71CEK10CET30) and one embryo-adapted (E72)] were propagated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (CE) to investigate growth and lethality patterns. The E72 and E71CEK10CET30 viruses were similar in growth pattern as to logarithmic phase and maximum virus production, but 95% of the CE mortality with E72 virus occurred between 20 and 32 hours whereas with E71CEK10CET30 60% mortality occurred between 36 and 84 hours. The yield of the E71CET10 virus was minimum, with little lethality.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people living with dementia and caregivers: a rapid review.

BACKGROUND: The number of minority ethnic people living with dementia (PLWD) in the UK is predicted to rise to 50 000 by 2026 and 172 000 by 2051. As the global population ages, there is a greater need to develop culturally appropriate post-diagnostic support for PLWD from minority ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: A rapid review was conducted of culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people with dementia and carers. Eight electronic databases were searched from inception until 16 September 2025. Databases included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Psychological Information, Turning Research Into Practice, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Social Policy and Practice and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the studies. Consistent with rapid review methods, no formal quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. The rapid review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. These included seven carer support programmes focusing on raising awareness and education on dementia and care. These interventions increased carers' knowledge of dementia and confidence in caregiving. Four studies reported on psychosocial interventions: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Meditation Therapy, demonstrating benefits for caregiver burden and mental health. One study reported on service-level innovations through a South Asian link nurse, which improved access to services and facilitated the development of culturally appropriate information materials. CONCLUSION: The findings of this rapid review demonstrate the feasibility and perceived value of culturally sensitive psychoeducation, carer training and psychosocial interventions. However, research remains small-scale, methodologically limited, with little focus given to interventions directly supporting PLWD.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Cultural adaptability as an attribute of therapies: the case of Morita psychotherapy.

Morita psychotherapy, a form of therapy developed in Japan some sixty years ago, has survived extensive changes in Japanese society, and is now enjoying popularity in the United States. This gives us an opportunity to look closely at the concept of 'cultural fit' between an important therapeutic technique and its social milieu, and to speculate about recent changes in American culture that may account for the growing popularity of Moritism. In contrast to Western style 'talking therapies' like psychoanalysis, Morita psychotherapy is relatively group-centered, ritualistic, and behavioristic. On would expect to find these features in a Japanese therapy, but their acceptance in America suggests that previously popular Western techniques may not be optimum for handling certain problems of the post-industrial American. McLuhan, Peacock, Douglas, and others have suggested some emerging traits of Western character that might shed some light on this question.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Culture, adaptation, and patterns of disease.

The sick patient, rather than the disease process itself, should occupy the central focus of the physician's attention. Such an approach recognizes the interaction of physiologic and emotional forces in the occurrence of disease. It allows for a consideration of the contributory role of emotions in the precipition of physical illness and a recognition that physical illness may produce emotional sequelae of relevance to the total clinical problem. It is an approach which views man as an adapting animal, whose environment may play a crucial role in his adaptation and his disease. Only with such a perspective of man and disease can the principles of medical treatment be realistic.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2026

Extracellular Vesicles From Glioblastoma Cells Reflect 2D vs. 3D Culture Adaptation and Resistance to Temozolomide.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor marked by extensive heterogeneity, resistance to therapy, and dismal prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in GBM biology, mediating intercellular communication and therapy adaptation. However, the exact functions and molecular impact of EVs in GBM remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of U87MG GBM cells grown in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids following temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, alongside characterization of EVs derived from both culture systems. 3D-spheroids secreted more EVs of smaller size and exhibited a more TMZ-resistant, stem-like proteome under TMZ-induced genotoxic stress. In contrast, 2D cell cultures demonstrated greater proteome remodeling, with EVs enriched in protein families involved in DNA repair, oxidative stress adaptation, and methylation processes. Notably, several methyltransferases were decreased intracellularly but selectively retained in EVs, suggesting active sorting to influence the tumor microenvironment or modulate epigenetic states in recipient cells. EVs also carried adhesion molecules and signaling proteins linked to migration, invasion, and Wnt pathway activation, as well as metabolic enzymes connecting serine metabolism and redox control to TMZ resistance. Mapping EV and cellular proteomes onto The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset identified prognostic protein families associated with either poor or favorable patient outcomes. Our data demonstrate that EV cargo composition mirrors TMZ-induced phenotypic adaptation and reveals molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. These EV-associated signatures may serve as clinically actionable biomarkers for patient stratification and offer potential targets to overcome chemoresistance in GBM.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the response of ewes to live chlamydiae adapted to chicken embryos or tissue culture.

Ewes infected before gestation with chicken embryo or tissue culture adapted chlamydial strain B-577 were challenge inoculated with the homologous strain at four to 18 weeks of gestation. The ewes responsed with group specific complement fixing antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:256 by the second week after initial infection. A secondary antibody response in the surviving challenge inoculated ewes occurred at the time of lambing and reached titers of 1:32 to 1:256 by the second week after parturition. Group specific complement fixing antibodies did not appear to play a significant role in resistance to chlamydial infection. Ewes infected with the chicken embryo adapted strain B-577 excreted chlamydiae in their feces 60 days after inoculation. However, chlamydiae were not recovered from feces of ewes infected with the tissue culture adapted strain B-577. Placentas of ewes challenge inoculated by the intravenous route were consistently infected. Chlamydiae were recovered from placentas, some fetuses and lambs. In two instances when challenge inoculation was given by the intramuscular route, infection was detected only by the direct fluorescent antibody method.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Lifestyle interventions to prevent gestational and type 2 diabetes among migrant women from low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Migrant women from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) living in high-income settings experience disproportionately high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review aimed to identify and synthesise culturally adapted lifestyle interventions for preventing or managing GDM and T2DM among migrant women from LMICs, focusing on intervention components, cultural adaptation strategies, and behavioural and metabolic outcomes. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central) were searched using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies included experimental designs involving lifestyle interventions delivered to migrant women from LMICs in high-income countries, reporting outcomes related to GDM or T2DM targeting behaviour change. Data were synthesised narratively; study quality was appraised using RoB2 for RCTs and a structured narrative approach for non-randomised designs. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 28 to 641 participants. Intervention duration varied from 6&#x2009;weeks to 12&#x2009;months. Most interventions incorporated atleast one culturally tailored component, such as bilingual delivery, culturally adapted dietary education, or community-based engagement. Improvements were reported across dietary behaviours, physical activity, glycaemic measures, or diabetes-related knowledge; however, effect sizes were modest and inconsistent. Interventions combining dietary modification, physical activity, and culturally adapted delivery demonstrated greater improvements than exercise-only or digital-only programmes. Overall certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate. Culturally adapted, multi-component lifestyle interventions show promise for improving behavioural and metabolic outcomes among migrant women from LMICs; however, the evidence base remains limited.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Microbial metabolism of a parathion-xylene pesticide formulation.

A mixed bacterial culture was adapted to growth on a mixed carbon substrate consisting of the pesticide parathion and its xylene-based formulation. The environmental growth parameters of temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration were optimized to obtain complete metabolism of parathion from this mixed carbon substrate. This adapted culture grew rapidly (mu = 0.7 per h) on the pesticide formulation at high parathion suspensions (3,000 mg/liter). Carbon utilization from this mixed substrate was strongly dependent on pH. At slightly acidic pH, xylene was preferentially metabolized, whereas at slightly alkaline pH, parathion was preferentially metabolized. Diethylthiophosphoric acid, a metabolite from parathion, and toluic acid, a metabolite from xylene, also influenced the selection of the primary carbon source.

Azotobacter↗
PubMed1978

Interrelationships of isoacceptor phenylalanine tRNA species of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.

The phenylalanine tRNA of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was fractionated on benzoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose into four isoaccepting species (tRNAPheI to IV). tRNAPheIII represented 80% of the total tRNAPhe in anaerobic, photosynthetically grown organisms, whereas in cultures grown aerobically for prolonged periods, tRNAPheII represented 80% of the total. In cultures adapting to aerobic growth, the addition of rifampin resulted in a tRNAPhe profile characteristic of anaerobic-photosynthetic conditions due to the conversion of tRNAPheII to tRNAPheIII. In fully adapted aerobic cultures, this conversion was inhibited in the presence of chloramphenicol or rifampin. The conversion of tRNAPheIII to tRNAPheII was not observable in vivo. It is proposed that an enzymic activity synthesized during anaerobic-photosynthetic growth was responsible for the conversion.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Cytologic and genetic features of mammalian cultured cells adapted to hypertonic medium.

The response to changes in the osmotic pressure and the capability to adapt to raised tonicity of culture medium, obtained by increasing the NaCl molarity (0.137M), varies among different Mammalian cell lines. Cells cultured in permissive hypertonic medium become resistant to more drastic hypertonic solutions, which are incompatible with cell survival, in the absence of any pretreatment. When cells grown in hypertonic medium are fed again with normal medium, they do not maintain their greater resistance acquired by adaptation; this points to a reversible physiological process rather than to a stable regulatory change at a genetic level. Cells of the EUE line (human embryonic epithelium), grown in medium containing a doubled NaCl concentration (0.274M), show a growth rate slower than cells cultured in a isotonic medium, whereas the plating efficiency is apparently unaffected. The chromosome number distribution in EUE cells cultured in hypertonic medium shows a significant increase in the frequency of cells with a double chromosomal set (20% in treated cells versus 1.5% in control cells). The induction of polyploidy in hypertonic media can be a useful tool in experiments of genetic analysis based on chromosome segregation via tetraploidy. Furthermore the osmotic adaptation of cells in vitro can provide a useful selective system for the isolation of cellular hybrids.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1977

In vitro regulation of a mouse myelomonocytic leukemia line adapted to culture.

Regulation of the growth and production of granulocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by WEHI-3 cells, a lysozyme-secreting mouse cell line adapted to culture, was investigated in vitro. WEHI-3 cloning efficiency is not enhanced by exogenously added CSA. However, WEHI-3 cloning efficiency in agar was suppressed by an activity in human polymorphonuclear neutrophil extract (colony-inhibiting activity) which inhibits endogenous WEHI-3 CSA production. The addition of increasing concentrations of WEHI-3- or L cell-conditioned medium containing CSA to CIA-depressed WEHI-3 agar cultures resulted in graded increases of cloning efficiency to that of the untreated sample. Testosterone, Deca-Durabolin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide increased production of CSA by WEHI-3 cells and overcame colony-inhibiting activity-mediated suppression of CSA production, even when activating agents were added 1 day after the addition of colony-inhibiting activity. The activating agents had no direct stimulatory effect on normal mouse marrow colony-forming cells and did not enhance CSA activity. WEHI-3 cells respond to growth inhibitory and stimulatory activities and can serve as an in vitro model for studying the regulation of neoplastic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Enhancement of antigen incorporation and infectivity of cell cultures by human rotavirus.

Infection of cell cultures with human rotavirus preparations was attempted and the effects of trypsin and low-speed centrifugation on antigen incorporation, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, were determined. In addition, the effect of viral aggregation on antigen incorporation was investigated by filtering viral preparations. Four strains of human rotavirus were employed, and the results were compared to those obtained with two tissue culture-adapted animal rotaviruses. Centrifugation and trypsin appeared to have little or no effect on infectivity of the tissue culture-adapted (simian rotavirus) or -adaptable (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus) strains, whereas centrifugation and viral aggregation appeared to be essential for the human viruses. In addition, trypsin enhanced antigen incorporation of the human strains to some extent. Infectivity for cell cultures and in vitro human rotavirus protein formation was demonstrated by [35S]methionine incorporation, and the specificity of this human viral protein was established by radio-immunoprecipitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

On the adaptation of cultured chick embryo cells to growth in the presence of chloramphenicol.

We have found that tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) prevents the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol (CAM) on the cell proliferation of chick embryo fibroblasts. Study of growth parameters indicated that no lag or adaptation period appeared necessary for TPB-exposed chick cell populations to grow in the presence of CAM suggesting that a particular cell type was not selected. TPB did not prevent the inhibitory effect of CAM on the mitochondrial protein-synthesizing system. This was supported by cytochrome oxidase activity measurements, studies on the incorporation of 35S-metionine into mitochondrial proteins, electron microscopic observation of alterations in mitochondrial structure. Oxygen consumption was reduced by 95% and cyanide, 2-4-dinitrophenol, and salicylhydroxamic acid do not significantly affect the residual respiration. Analyses of reduced-minus-oxidized-cytochrome spectra of CAM-treated chick cells demonstrate the disappearance of the absorption bands of cytochromes aa3, b559, c1, and c. The presence of a type b cytochrome with maxima at 552 and 557 nm was observed. The results obtained indicate that long-term cultures of CAM-treated chick embryo cells cultivated in the presence of TPB grow with mitochondria devoid of a functional respiratory chain.

Animals↗