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Results for “cytopathology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Carcinomatous lung abscess. Diagnosis by bronchoscopy and cytopathology.

We compared the roentgenographic, bronchoscopic, and cytopathologic findings from 26 patients with carcinomatous lung abscesses (23 of which were within the tumor) with findings from 31 patients with simple lung abscesses. Despite well-described roentgenographic characteristics of the carcinomatous abscess, differentiation from a simple abscess was frequently not possible. Direct visual findings at the time of bronchoscopy were not helpful in the absence of an endobronchial lesion. Using sputums and cytological specimens from a single fiberoptic bronchoscopy, a diagnosis was made by cytopathology on initial hospitalization in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with carcinoma. No false-positive cytological studies were reported in the nonmalignant group despite the frequent presence of inflammation and infection.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1978

Susceptibility of human skeletal muscle culture to influenza virus infection. I. Cytopathology and immunofluorescence.

We found that fused human muscle in culture supports neurotropic influenza A viral infection, as demonstrated by viral growth experiments, hemadsorption, observation of cytopathic changes and detection of intracellular viral antigen. The time of peak virion production and the appearance of cytopathic effects in these experiments were similar to previously described characteristics in influenza A-susceptible organotypic cultures of other tissues. Cytopathological changes occurred earlier in mononucleated cells than in myotubes and included cell-rounding; cytoplasmic retraction, granularity and vacuolization; ribonucleic acid-containing cytoplasmic inclusions; nucleolar enlargement; and clumping of chromatin. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated early nuclear fluorescence, followed by spread of viral antigen into the cytoplasm. A subpopulation of mononucleated cells, shown by cloning studies to be myoblasts, showed no cytopathic effects or evidence of intracellular viral antigen and was presumably resistant to neurotropic influenza A infection. The adverse effects of influenza A on fused human muscle cells in tissue culture contrast with the inability of the virus to replicate in skeletal muscle after animal inoculation in acute experiments. Therefore, host factors may affect attempts to produce an animal model of human muscle disease with this virus.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed2024

TMPRSS2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake boosts innate immune activation, enhances cytopathology, and drives convergent virus evolution.

The accessory protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uptake into ACE2-expressing cells, although how increased entry impacts downstream viral and host processes remains unclear. To investigate this in more detail, we performed infection assays in engineered cells promoting ACE2-mediated entry with and without TMPRSS2 coexpression. Electron microscopy and inhibitor experiments indicated TMPRSS2-mediated cell entry was associated with increased virion internalization into endosomes, and partially dependent upon clathrin-mediated endocytosis. TMPRSS2 increased panvariant uptake efficiency and enhanced early rates of virus replication, transcription, and secretion, with variant-specific profiles observed. On the host side, transcriptional profiling confirmed the magnitude of infection-induced antiviral and proinflammatory responses were linked to uptake efficiency, with TMPRSS2-assisted entry boosting early antiviral responses. In addition, TMPRSS2-enhanced infections increased rates of cytopathology, apoptosis, and necrosis and modulated virus secretion kinetics in a variant-specific manner. On the virus side, convergent signatures of cell-uptake-dependent innate immune induction were recorded in viral genomes, manifesting as switches in dominant coupled Nsp3 residues whose frequencies were correlated to the magnitude of the cellular response to infection. Experimentally, we demonstrated that selected Nsp3 mutations conferred enhanced interferon antagonism. More broadly, we show that TMPRSS2 orthologues from evolutionarily diverse mammals facilitate panvariant enhancement of cell uptake. In summary, our study uncovers previously unreported associations, linking cell entry efficiency to innate immune activation kinetics, cell death rates, virus secretion dynamics, and convergent selection of viral mutations. These data expand our understanding of TMPRSS2's role in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and confirm its broader significance in zoonotic reservoirs and animal models.

SARS-CoV-2↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The cytopathology of metastatic breast cancer.

A comparison was made between the histopathologic and cytopathologic appearances of 45 cases of metastatic breast cancer and the histopathologic appearance of their primary neoplasms. Metastatic infiltrating duct carcinoma in body cavity fluids presented with an admixture of single cells and tissue fragments in a ratio of 0.86 to 1. The most commonly occurring tissue fragments were well circumscribed round to oval masses of cells, true acini and cells in tandem arrangement. The cells of metastatic infiltrating duct carcinoma were very pleomorphic ranging from 11.5 to 22 micrometers in diameter. Metastatic infiltrating lobular carcinoma in body cavity fluids presented as a population of primarily single cells with a ratio of 13 single cells to each tissue fragment. The rare tissue fragment encountered was a group loosely cohesive cells without nuclear molding by the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. The individual cells had extremely high nuclear/cellular ratios and were uniform in size ranging in diameter from 10.5 to 14 micrometers. The presentation of metastatic infiltrating lobular carcinoma was very similar to that of lymphomas in body cavity fluids and cerebrospinal fluids and may pose a problem in differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of retroperitoneal lymph nodes in the evaluation of metastatic disease.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph nodes was performed in 47 patients with abnormal lymphograms during the course of evaluation for metastatic disease. The biopsies were positive for malignant tumor in 11 patients. Utilizing established cytopathologic criteria a definitive diagnosis could be established. Fine needle aspiration of abnormal lymph nodes detected by lymphography is an easily performed, accurate diagnostic technique.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytopathologic findings in pulmonary blastoma.

The exfoliative cytologic description of a pulmonary blastoma is reported. The debated histogenesis of these tumors is briefly reviewed. A review of all case reports recording cytopathology findings indicates that these rare tumors yield diagnostic cells in only a minority of cases. In the present case, as in previous reports, only the epithelial component (carcinoma) was recognized prior to the histopathologic diagnosis. The stromal cells were less numerous and not as conspicuous as the epithelial cells. The diagnosis of pulmonary blastoma should be considered whenever nonsquamous carcinomatous cells plus a separate population of smaller malignant cells are seen in a pulmonary cytology specimen.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1979

Heparinized bottles for the collection of body cavity fluids in cytopathology.

A method of preparing cytopathology specimen collection bottles with a heparin solution is described. The need and benefits of using heparinized bottles for the collection of body cavity fluids are discussed briefly. The formulation of the heparin solution and procedure for preparation of the bottles are given in detail. Collection techniques are discussed briefly. Use of the heparinized bottles results in more reliable diagnostic procedures.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1978

[Cytopathology of bronchial tree secretions in bronchial asthma patients].

The methods of clinical cytology were used for examination of 64 patients with bronchial asthma (42 men and 22 women). Six patients were found to have an atopic form of asthma, 58--the infectiousallergic form. The material for a cytological examination was obtained by bronchoscopy. Early in the exacerbation stage and in patients with a relatively short duration of the disease the cytopathological pictures of the bronchial secretion are characterized by a relatively insignificant pathology of the cell composition. In cases of a long-term disease, great changes in the morphology of the cells and the pattern of the cytograms are observed up to the appearance of cell forms with marked signs of atypicity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors in cytopathology practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors (PSGTs) are rare but clinically significant tumors that originate from the submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial tree. Cytologic samples taken during bronchoscopy are a key component of preoperative evaluation. However, cytologic diagnosis remains challenging because of the submucosal growth and morphologic overlap of PSGTs. In addition, current knowledge of the cytohistologic correlation of PSGTs is fragmented. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cytologic diagnoses of PSGTs. METHODS: A comprehensive, systematic literature search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies with cytologic and histologic diagnoses of PSGTs. Comprehensive data on diagnostic and clinical factors, when available, were collected for all individual patients. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using OpenMeta (Analyst) software. RESULTS: In total, 49 studies comprising 106 patients were identified. Final cytohistologic concordance was demonstrated in 48.1% of cases. Fine-needle aspiration showed the highest sensitivity (75.0%), followed by bronchial/tracheal washing (38.1%), and bronchial brushing (34.2%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common histologic subtype, accounting for 67 cases, followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which accounted for 27 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The cytologic diagnosis of rare PSGTs remains challenging. Overall, cytohistologic concordance was 48.1%. However, fine-needle aspiration demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy than exfoliative cytology and may facilitate a more accurate preoperative assessment.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Cytopathological effects of estradiol on the arcuate nucleus of the female rat. A possible mechanism for pituitary tumorigenesis.

Large subcutaneous doses (2 mg/21 days) of estradiol valerate (EV) given over several months will induce a prolactin and growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumor in female rats. The medial basal hypothalami (MBHs) of such EV-treated animals were examined at different time intervals with light and electron microscopes to determine whether EV affects the MBH and to relate any observed effects to the process of tumorigenesis. The MBHs of extensively treated rats exhibited profound glial and neuronal changes. The filament content of astrocytes was greatly increased and large dense pleomorphic inclusions filled both astrocytic perikarya and processes. Degenerating neuronal elements have been observed in the neuropil of extensively treated animals. Dark cells identified as M cells were seen to engage in phagocytosis and were loaded with dense inclusions. Some neurons in MBH contained large quantities of lipofuscin that was different in appearance from that of normal females of the same age. The glial reaction developed gradually. At earlier stages of EV treatment there were fewer reactive glia and these contained fewer inclusions. Myelin figures often occurred in these early inclusions. Reactive glia in EV-treated rats did not appear in the preoptic area, dorsomedial nucleus or lateral hypothalamus but were found in ventromedial nucleus. Retired breeders and starvation-stressed rats resembled normal controls. These pathological changes in MBH may result from a direct effect of EV on the hypothalamus. It is possible that, in addition to its effects on the hypophysis, EV suppresses or injures hypophysiotropic cells in MBH, thus releasing pituitary chromophobes from inhibitory hypothalamic influences. This could result in hypersecretion and neoplasia.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Susceptibility of human skeletal muscle culture to influenza virus infection. Part 2. Ultrastructural cytopathology.

Cultured post-fused human skeletal muscle monolayers exposed to WSN influenza A virus were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. At 12-14h post-inoculation (p.i.), affected mononuclear cells retracted from the cell surface, but remained anchored to the substrate by taut filar processes. Retraction was accompanied by shortening of microvilli, appearance of hemispherical cytoplasmic protrusions and corrugation of the surface proper. These changes were more pronounced at 24 and 48h p.i. The rounded, moribund mononuclear cells eventually detached from the substratum. Surface alterations were accompanied by the intracellular appearance of electron-dense nuclear inclusions (often associated with the nucleolus) and paracrystalline ribosomestudded cytoplasmic bodies, which increased in size and number with time. In myotubes, distinct surface alterations appeared later (24h p.i.). Early myotube retraction was accompanied by accentuation of the longitudinally oriented surface pleats and appearance of "blebs" followed by cell-rounding. At 48-72 h, many myotubes detached from the substratum. The surfaces of those still adhering appeared corrugated. Intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions accumulated, and budding virions, often filamentous, could be demonstrated at the plasmalemma of mononuclear cells and myotubes. Late (end-stage) cytopathic effects included clumping of chromatin, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, disappearance of cortical and endoplasmic cytofilaments, mitochondrial swelling, and vesiculation of surface membranes. The lesions leading to cell injury and cell death appeared to be due to massive accumulation of virus-induced products that altered cellular metabolism, with physical and functional abnormalities of surface membranes.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1975