SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “depressive”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

[The family physician and depression in the elderly. A pilot study of prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in the elderly in 2 family practices].

A pilot-study on the prevalence of depressive symptoms and GPs' assessment of depressed mood in elderly attenders of two general practices. The aim of this pilot was to gather information on both depressive symptoms and GP's' assessments of depressive mood in persons over 65 coming for a consultation in two general practices. To assess the prevalence of depressive symptomatology, 87 patients were asked to complete the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Six patients were identified as having depressive symptoms on the ZSDS and seven on the GDS. Information on GP's' assessments of depressive mood was gathered by asking GP's to what extent they thought patients had been depressed recently. With regard to patients identified by the GP's as being mildly or severely depressed, the GP's answered additional questions on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The GP's identified eleven out of 87 patients as being mildly depressed, nobody was classified as being severely depressed. Five out of six patients with a ZSDS score of 50 and higher were not identified by the GP's as being mildly depressed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms based on ZSDS-scores was somewhat lower than expected (7.5%).

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Examining the world of the depressed: do depressed people prefer others who are depressed?

Two studies were conducted to examine the interpersonal world of the depressed person. In Study 1, depression levels and perceptions of depressed and nondepressed people and their best friend were assessed to test the hypothesis that depressed Ss have best friends who are themselves more depressed than the best friends of nondepressed Ss. The hypothesis was confirmed, suggesting that depressed persons may prefer others who also tend toward depression. To examine this possibility, in Study 2 depressed and nondepressed college students spoke with one another in either depressed-depressed, nondepressed-depressed, or nondepressed-nondepressed pairs. It was found that depressed Ss felt worse than nondepressed Ss after speaking with nondepressed targets, but not after speaking with depressed targets. There were no differences in liking or in perceived similarity between the groups. Implications for the social world of the depressed person are discussed.

Attitude↗

PubMed1977

Symptom patterns in primary and secondary depression. A comparison of primary depressives with depressed opiate addicts, alcoholics, and schizophrenics.

The primary-secondary distinction in affective disorders has been proposed to reduce the heterogeneity of depression. An investigation of the frequency of secondary depression and its nature in depressed opiate addicts, alcoholics, and schizophrenics was undertaken. Findings show that secondary depression in ambulatory patients with other psychiatric disorders is relatively common. The sociodemographic characteristics of the secondary depressive are consistent with the population from which they derive but differ from primary depressives. The symptom patterns of secondary depressives are similar to primary depressives but are overall less severe. These findings give further support to the value of separating out secondary from primary depression in future research studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Familial subtypes of unipolar depression: a prospective study of familial pure depressive disease compared to depression spectrum disease.

In a large multicenter effort, major depressives were systematically studied at index admission and prospectively followed up for 5 years. Primary unipolar depressives with a family history of alcoholism (depression spectrum disease) differ from depressives with a family history of depression only (familial pure depressive disease) in having more familial anxiety and somatization disorder, more divorce, more suicide attempts, more negative life events, and needed more time to recover from the index episode. In the 5-year follow-up they are more likely to develop alcoholism and drug abuse. Depressive spectrum disease patients are more likely to meet systematic criteria for neurotic depression. The data suggest that major depression is a syndrome that is heterogeneous, and may be a final common pathway of more than one familial illnesses.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. III. Depression and adversity in the relatives of depressed probands.

The relationship between life events and depressive disorder was assessed in 83 families ascertained through depressed probands. Contrary to expectation and to previous suggestions, we found no inverse relationship between the presence of familial loading and reactivity to stress. Thus the relatives of probands whose onset of depression followed life events or chronic difficulties had slightly higher lifetime rates of depression than the relatives of probands whose onset was not associated with adversity. There was only a weak and non-significant relationship between recent life events and current disorder among relatives, and no apparent tendency for life-event-associated depression to 'breed true' within families. Comparison with a community sample showed that the first-degree relatives of depressives had significantly elevated rates both of current depression and of recent threatening life events. This finding still held when proband-associated life events were discounted, suggesting that both liability to depression and propensity to experience life events are familial.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale: detection of depression in dementia patients.

The present longitudinal prospective study compared results from the Geriatric Depression Scale with those from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for 30 dementia patients. The criterion measure was presence of depression as indicated by the psychiatric diagnosis. The psychiatrist and physician's assistant made the Hamilton ratings while the psychology staff administered the Geriatric Depression Scale. The two measures were statistically unrelated from Times 1 and 2 (rs = .26 and .41). Eleven (37%) patients were depressed and nine received antidepressant medications. Sensitivity ratings were 82% and 9%, respectively, and specificity ratings were 88% and 92%, respectively. Possible explanations for the success of the Geriatric Depression Scale and lack of success of the Hamilton ratings in detecting depression in this population are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. I. Depressed probands: adversity and the form of depression.

The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study is an investigation of a series of 130 patients (76 female; 54 male) attending the Maudsley Hospital Services with unipolar depression of recent onset (the probands), and of their first-degree relatives. This paper describes the first element of the study, the investigation of the index cases or probands, which was carried out by members of the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit over the period 1982-1985. A description of the methods of the study is followed by an analysis of life events in relation to the symptomatic pattern of the depressive state. An 'endogenous' group was defined as cases of depression falling within Catego classes D and R, and compared with a 'neurotic' group conforming to classes N and A. The hypothesis that the 'endogenous' group of disorders would be relatively independent of prior life stress was not confirmed. Depressed women were more likely to have experienced life events or difficulties than their male counterparts, and there was some evidence that sex, but not age or social class, influenced the relationship between adversity and the type of depression. Examination of the timing of life events was strongly suggestive of a causal effect, with a pronounced rise in the month before onset. This was not limited to the most severe events. Differences between the 'endogenous' and 'neurotic' groups in the temporal patterning of events before onset are discussed. The findings are interpreted in terms of the literature on the topic.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of depression in college students: Geriatric Depression Scale versus Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

103 college students took the Geriatric Depression Scale and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale along with five measures of life satisfaction. The correlation between scores on the first scales was .66. Both depression scales had moderate negative correlations (-.34 to -.71) with each measure of life satisfaction. However, on every measure of life satisfaction, the correlation with scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale was higher than with those on the CES-Depression Scale.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of masked and endogenous depression using psychometric scales, endocrinological markers and pharmacological responses. Masked depression versus endogenous depression].

Masked depression refers to a concept of a phenomenological state, either endogenous or psychogenic where somatic symptoms replace sadness: Thirty patients were evaluated by RDC (22 endogenous and 8 masked depressions) wherein in the latter dysphoria was replaced by a nonreactive persistent somatic complaint. They were rated on Beck and Hamilton Depression Scales, on Hamilton and Trait-State Anxiety Scales and the NOSIE. All patients presented with insomnia, anorexia, loss of weight, diminished libido and anhedonia. Initial ratings were similar for both diagnostic groups except for a significantly higher agitation factor and lower retardation in masked depression. Although 59.9 percent of the subjects are positive on the dexamethasone test, only 1 masked depression did not suppress secretion of cortisol. After a randomized 30-day drug trial where patients were assigned to Clomipramine or Desipramine, patients in both groups show significant improvement on rating scales but diagnostic group drug treatment interaction exists on anxiety and agitation criteria.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Depression followed by suicide: a comparison of depressed suicides with living depressives.

The characteristics of 64 suicides with a retrospective diagnosis of depression and 128 depressives referred for psychiatric treatment were compared. The following items differentiated the suicide group: male sex, older age in females, single status, living alone, the symptoms of insomnia, impaired memory and self neglect, and a history of suicide attempts. The value of these items in assessing suicide risk in depressive illness is discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1976

[Cyclothymic depression and performance. Comparison of the efficiency of agitated and non-agitated cyclothymic depression patients on a brief test of severe depression].

Agitated and non-agitated cyclothym depressive patients were compared relative to their results in a short achievement test for measuring degree of depression; the agitated patients worked significantly less slowly in two of the five subtests. These differences may exist premorbidly and can be explained by a theoretical concept of arousal. We propose to control the subject's activational states which -- besides the control of age and intelligence -- might possibly precise the test results relative to the depth of depression.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Culture specific or universal depressive diseases? Comparison of depressive symptoms of WHO/SADD (Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders) in Mannheim, West Germany and Addis Abeba, Ethiopia].

In an international comparative study the symptomatology of depressive patients from psychiatric services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (N = 52) and in Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany (N = 136) was investigated with the WHO Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD). Controlled for differences in the sex-, age- and diagnostic-distribution of the two samples, depressive patients in Addis Ababa showed significantly more somatic symptoms, hypochondrias, psychomotor restlessness and delusions of reference and persecution, but markedly less feelings of guilt. Nevertheless, the same core of symptomatology was found to build in both samples the first and most important factor of 17, mainly psychological complaints. Only "feelings of guilt" did not belong to this core in Addis Ababa. In contrast to what is often believed to be the case in African patients, the more frequently expressed somatic complaints came in addition to, but did not replace the core-psychological symptomatology. The investigators stress the importance of a separate analysis of the frequencies of symptoms and of dimensions these symptoms build.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

PubMed1987

Depression, depressive symptoms, and depressed mood among a community sample of adolescents.

Using a structured interview, the authors found that the prevalence of major depression and dysthymic disorder was 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively, in a community sample of 150 adolescents. All of the adolescents who met the criteria for major depression and dysthymic disorder had other psychiatric disorders as well; anxiety was the most frequent accompanying DSM-III diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Validation of HARD (Hamilton depression rating scale) a diagram of the evaluation of depression by MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale) Multicentric study of mianserin].

A national multicentric trial has included 402 depressed patients (DSM III Criteria) and has validated diagram HARD by MADRS. A constant and similar decrease in the total of the two rating scales has been shown at several times of assessment, Day 0, 10, 20, 60, and 90. High coefficents of correlation are found between HARD and MADRS. The sensitivity to change under treatment (mianserin 60 mg) is equal for the two rating scales.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Depressive thinking and depression: relations with personality and social resources.

The mechanisms by which social supports and personality variables may buffer against psychopathology are not well understood. We studied depression, depressive cognitions, social supports, and self-esteem in a sample of 68 spouse-caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease in an attempt to identify possible buffering mechanisms of the latter two variables. Specifically, we hypothesized that the well-known relation of depressive cognitions to depression would vary as a function of satisfaction with social supports and with level of self-esteem. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses conducted to predict depression revealed significant and independent main effects for depressive cognitions (p less than .01), social supports (p less than .025), and self-esteem (p less than .001), with depressive cognitions associated with higher depression and the other two variables associated with reduced depression (R2 = .53 for the three main effects). In addition, the relation of depressive cognitions with depression varied substantially depending on the level of social supports (p less than .01); caregivers with high levels of depressive cognitions had high levels of depression only if social supports were low (R2 = .61 including interaction). Self-esteem and depressive cognitions showed a similar interaction, but it failed to reach significance. Analyses to determine whether self-esteem and social supports were directly associated with lower depressive cognitive activity yielded a main effect for self-esteem only (p less than .03). Thus, whereas social supports and self-esteem were directly associated with lower depression, only the social supports variable was further associated with reduced depression because it apparently buffered the impact of depressive thinking. Self-esteem was also indirectly associated with lower depression via its relation with lower depressive thinking. Implications of our results for cognitive theories of depression and for the psychosocial mechanisms of stress buffering are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

12-month outcome of patients with major depression and comorbid psychiatric or medical illness (compound depression).

OBJECTIVE: Inpatients with major depressive illness often have coexistent nonaffective psychiatric and/or medical conditions. The authors' objective is to address the following questions: 1) What is the effect of comorbid illness on the severity of major depression and associated psychosocial factors? 2) How does the course of depression differ for patients with and without concurrent illness? 3) Do patients with compound depression differ in rate of recovery and time to recovery from patients with pure depression? METHOD: The subjects were 78 patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression who were consecutively admitted to an acute care university-affiliated psychiatric hospital; 37 of these patients had major depression only and 41 had major depression compounded by a coexisting axis I, II, or III condition. The patients were studied while hospitalized and for 12 months after hospital discharge. Instruments used included the Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Global Assessment Scale, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: Patients with compound depression reported significantly poorer functioning over the 12-month follow-up period and had lower recovery rates than the patients with pure depression. There were no differences in recovery rates between men and women with compound depression, but significantly more men than women with pure depression recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Compound depression is a common clinical occurrence, the course of illness is more difficult for patients with compound depression than for patients with pure depression, and the recovery rate of patients with compound depression is lower than that of patients with pure depression.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders. I. Differences in urinary excretion of MHPG and other catecholamine metabolites in clinically defined subtypes of depressions.

The urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and other catecholamine metabolites was measured in a series of 63 patients with various clinically defined subtypes of depressive disorders. MHPG excretion was significantly lower in patients with bipolar manic-depressive depressions and schizo-affective depressions than in patients with unipolar nonendogenous depressions. Patients with schizophrenia-related depressions also excreted reduced levels of MHPG when compared with patients with unipolar nonendogenous depressions. Moreover, levels of urinary epinephrine and metanephrine were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia-related depressions. These data, coupled with our recent finding that patients with schizophrenia-related depressions had significantly higher levels of platelet monoamine oxidase activity than control subjects of patients with unipolar endogenous depressions, suggest that we can discriminate three biochemically discrete subgroups of depressive disorders corresponding to the following clinically defined subtypes: (1) the bipolar manic-depressive depressions plus the schizo-affective depressions; (2) the unipolar nonendogenous depressions; and (3) the schizophrenia-related depressions.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Chronic pain and depression. IV. DST as a discriminator between chronic pain and depression.

In an attempt to clarify the relationship between chronic pain and depression, the authors studied the plasma cortisol response to dexamethasone in a group of 73 consecutive chronic low back pain patients admitted to a pain unit and 34 consecutive patients admitted to an affective disorders unit with the principal diagnosis of primary major depression. Patients with chronic pain were evaluated as to the presence or absence of major depression and patients with primary major depression were evaluated as to the presence or absence of pain complaints as part of their presenting symptomatology. Chronic pain patients with major depression differed significantly from chronic pain patients without major depression (3.4 +/- 3.33 micrograms/dl versus 1.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl, P less than 0.05). Chronic pain patients with major depression also differed from patients with primary major depression with pain complaints (3.4 +/- 3.3 micrograms/dl versus 10.7 +/- 8 micrograms/dl, P less than 0.0005). The values given are post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol levels. Patients having primary major depression with pain complaints do not significantly differ from patients having primary major depression without pain complaints. The dexamethasone suppression test may be a useful method in discriminating those patients with chronic pain versus those with primary major depression, chronic pain patients with major depression versus those with primary major depression and chronic pain patients with major depression versus those with chronic pain and no depression.

Aged↗