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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Computer-assisted diagnosis of acute azotaemia: diagnostic strategy and diagnostic criteria.

This report describes the diagnostic strategy, cost-effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of a rule-based, backward chaining diagnostic expert system designed to assist in diagnosing the cause(s) of acute azotaemia. The diagnostic strategy of the expert system seems to be cost-effective compared with that of a renal unit and the diagnostic criteria of the expert system accurately imitate the diagnoses of the renal unit. It is suggested that the expert system is diagnostically reliable and may reduce cost in the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute azotaemia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[The diagnostic significance of immunoglobulin determination in chronic liver diseases. I. Differential diagnostic accuracy of immunoglobulin changes and enzyme activities (author's transl)].

715 patients with hepatobiliary diseases came for examination, who because of the morphological findings are classified in diagnostic groups. The immunoglobulin measurements of IGG, IGA, IGM were determined and assessed in combination with enzymatic investigations of GOT, GPT, AP and GGTP. Typical group-specific changes were only found in primary biliary liver diseases and toxic cirrhoses of the liver, all acute or chronic inflammatory liver diseases could not be separated and by inference from the final diagnosis showed great errors in classification. Data on the raised mean levels of immunoglobulins in the individual diagnostic groups were demonstrable, but the range limits were so widely scattered that their differential diagnostic valence is of no consequence. Immunoglobulins may appear to be of interest for the observation of the course of liver diseases, but they are unsuitable for diagnostic purposes.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2026

Molecular Diagnostics for WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Bibliometric Mapping of Diagnostic Platforms, Resistance Markers, and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Trends.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constrains effective treatment and carries implications for infection control, surveillance, and public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacterial pathogen framework has intensified the need for diagnostic innovation by redefining research priorities around organisms combining high disease burden with complex resistance profiles. Molecular diagnostics have accordingly moved beyond culture-based workflows, integrating rapid pathogen identification, resistance-marker detection, genomic surveillance, and clinical decision support. The present study conducted a bibliometric mapping of the literature on WHO priority pathogens. Rather than addressing resistance at a general level or a single pathogen or technology, it integrates priority pathogens, molecular platforms, and resistance markers within a single framework, tracing their joint thematic and temporal evolution along an explicit pathogen-platform-marker axis. Scopus-indexed articles and reviews (2000-2025) were retrieved, yielding 1746 publications after screening adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analyses used Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, R, and VOSviewer. The literature expanded markedly after 2018, led by China and the United States. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecium, and the Enterobacterales-carbapenemase axis constituted the principal thematic cores, whereas conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing were the dominant platforms. Overall, the field has evolved from pathogen detection into an AMR-centered translational domain encompassing resistance prediction, genomic epidemiology, surveillance, and clinical decision support. Diagnostic development, stewardship, and surveillance depend on hybrid workflows coupling rapid marker-targeted assays with genome-based characterization, delivering actionable resistance within clinically meaningful timeframes, and extending coverage to underrepresented pathogens and platforms.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects in histiocytosis X diseases.

Diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects of the known manifestations of histiocytosis X are discussed with respect to our own findings. It is our considered opinion that the term "histiocytosis X" should not be employed in isolation for diagnostic purposes. Rather, one should make an effort to designate the disease exactly in stating the prognosis for a particular patient. Both clinical and morphologic parameters must be considered in making this exact diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recommendations on performance characteristics of diagnostic exposure meters: report of AAPM Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Task Group No. 6.

Task Group 6 of the Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) was appointed to develop performance standards for diagnostic x-ray exposure meters. The recommendations as approved by the Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee and the Science Council of the AAPM are delineated in this report and provide specifications on meter precision, calibration accuracy, calibration reference points, linearity, energy dependence, exposure rate dependence, leakage, amplification gain settings, directional dependence, the stem effect, constancy checks, and calibration intervals. The report summarizes recommendations for meters used in mammography, general purpose radiography including special procedures, computed tomography, and radiation safety surveys for x-ray radiography.

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Use of heterophilic mononucleosis antigen in the latex diagnostic test. III. Diagnostic field studies].

The aim of this study was to evaluate usefulness of latex coated with a preparation of heterophilic mononucleosis antigen for the detection of antibodies present during a course of infectious mononucleosis. Studies were performed in district serological laboratories. Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations in conditions of routine diagnostics. Studies were performed on 656 blood serum samples collected from individuals with a clinical suspicion of infectious mononucleosis. Latex and Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn (PBD) tests were run in parallel. Out of 154 blood serum samples which contained antibodies detected by PBD test in diagnostically significant titer of 1:56 or higher, 151 were reactive in latex test in the dilution 1:5 or higher, while in the remaining three cases agglutination appeared with undiluted serum only. Out of 268 serum samples tested in latex test 167 reacted in 1:5 titer - diagnostically accepted as a significant or in higher titers. The sensitivity of latex test amounted to 98.1% and specificity was 96.9% as compared to reference Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test. The results of our study suggest the possibility of replacing Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test by latex test performed as a method providing the possibility of determination of the presence of heterohilic antibodies in blood serum samples and the follow up of their dynamics.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ammoniemia in portosystemic encephalopathy--diagnostic, differential diagnostic and prognostic significance].

One year prospective study of 25 cirrhotic patients with portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE) admitted to the Emergency Care Centre in Belgrade was performed in order to investigate the significance of clinical, biochemical and electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters and blood ammonia in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of PSE. 15 cirrhotic patients without PSE (of comparable age, sex, duration and etiology of liver cirrhosis) constituted the control group. Ammonia levels were elevated in 84% of patients with PSE (112 +/- 72 mumol/l) and reached normal range within 3 +/- 0.44 days, but with no correlation to clinical improvement (p greater than 0.1). Ammonia levels correlated with the severity of PSE (p less than 0.05), but not with other biochemical parameters (prothrombin time, bilirubin, albumin, urea, creatinine, potassium). Overall mortality was 44% and was strongly correlated (p less than 0.01) to the severity of PSE. In addition, the mortality in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and PSE was higher (p less than 0.05), than in PSE precipitated by other conditions. We concluded that the ammonia may be a primary diagnostic parameter for PSE in the absence of the most important diagnostical methods (EEG, psychometric tests). Secondly, ammonia are of great diagnostic importance in patients with coma of unknown origin and can help in deciding admission priorities. The ammonia levels do not appear to be a useful prognostic factor.

Ammonia↗

PubMed1992

[The role of the department of functional diagnosis in an interregional diagnostic center in improving the diagnostic process in cardiovascular diseases at the polyclinic stage].

Experience gained by one of the departments of the interregional diagnostic center (DC) provides evidence in favour of its setting up within the public health system. Owing to the department of functional diagnosis of the center, the outpatients can be examined skillfully, whereas previously only hospitalization was of help. Successful functioning of the department and perfection of its work require at least two conditions. The first one lies in sufficient equipment of the DC with up-to-date facilities and outfits, and the second one in the presence of good specialists, their desire and strivings for constant perfection of the available diagnostic methods and for introduction into medical practice of the new ones.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1992

Development of a diagnostic and therapeutic simulation system based on patient data and specialist's knowledge. I. Simulation of diagnostic process.

A new simulation system of diagnostic and therapeutic processes is developed. The aim is to train medical students for the practical use of their knowledge, utilizing patient data in a total hospital information system. The knowledge in the system is presented by the specialists for every case. In medical school there are many specialists in various fields. With their cooperation the system can grow up to a comprehensive CAI system for clinical education. The system is designed to work on the mainframe for easiness of development, maintenance and extensions of the system. The present framework has been applied to the simulation of diagnostic process. The usefulness of the present system has been confirmed by specialists and students.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1991

A statistical method for the comparison of a discrete diagnostic test with several continuous diagnostic tests.

In this paper we study a statistic that is suitable for comparing a discrete diagnostic marker to one or more continuous diagnostic markers. Test procedures and confidence intervals are based on asymptotic normality. The statistic is applicable for correlated data in which all the markers are obtained for each subject. The statistic was studied for use in comparing two markers for rectal bleeding. Examples for this application and two more general applications are presented.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage: integration with clinical information to improve diagnostic performance.

Management of abdominal trauma requires both the detection of injuries sustained and an ability to distinguish patients who require operative repair from those who do not. In this prospective study of 200 patients receiving diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) following blunt trauma, relationships among DPL result, clinical features (information from initial patient assessment), and laparotomy outcome were investigated. The DPL result alone predicted requirement for laparotomy with an accuracy of 93%, a specificity of 96%, a sensitivity of 85%, a positive predictive value (PV-Positive) of 87%, and a negative predictive value (PV-Negative) of 95%. Combining clinical features with the DPL result reduced the number of unnecessary laparotomies (increased PV-Positive and specificity), but increased the number of missed necessary laparotomies (decreased PV-Negative and sensitivity). The best diagnostic performance was found by combining the DPL result with circulatory status, which, in this series of patients, predicted necessary laparotomy with an accuracy of 95%, a specificity of 99%, a sensitivity of 81%, a PV-Positive of 98%, and a PV-Negative of 94%.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗

PubMed1991

[The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): an epidemiologic instrument suitable for using in conjunction with different diagnostic systems in different cultures].

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), written at the request of the World Health Organization/US Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Task Force on Psychiatric Assessment Instruments, combines questions from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule with questions designed to elicit Present State Examination items. It is fully structured to allow administration by lay interviewers and scoring of diagnoses by computer. A special Substance Abuse Module covers tobacco, alcohol, and other drug abuse in considerable detail, allowing the assessment of the quality and severity of dependence and its course. This article describes the design and development of the CIDI and the current field testing of a slightly reduced "core" version in Puerto Rico. The field test was being conducted in 19 centers around the world to assess the interviews' reliability and its acceptability to clinicians and general people in different cultures and providing data on which to base revisions that may be found necessary. In addition, questions to assess International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, and the revised DSM-III diagnoses are being written. If all goes well, the CIDI will reliably allow investigators to assess mental disorders according to the most widely accepted nomenclatures in many different populations and cultures.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

PubMed1977

[Diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of cytological findings in toxoplasmic lymphadenitis].

The cytologic investigation of needle biopsy material from lymphomas of unclear genesis may give valuable diagnostic references in patients with lymphadenitis toxoplasmotica. Findings of 19 patients are explained. Suspicious for a toxoplasmogenic genesis are colouredness of the cell picture with large basophilic roundnuclear cells, conspicious macrophagocytosis in reticulum cells and small-focal proliferation of the epitheloid cell. In own material these 3 criteria only 5 times appeared together. Two simultaneously existing, suspicious for Piringer's lymphadenitis findings, were shown in 11 patients. Most frequently was found the coloured picture of the round-nuclear cells (16/19). A conspicuous RHS-phagocytosis was to be observed in 12 smears. In careful clinical and serological controls only in 4 out of 19 patients a histological investigation was necessary. In the cytological findings also other lymphomatous processes must differential-diagnostically be taken into consideration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Diagnostic model for local temporal thermal change at the skin of the breast during extended application of diagnostic ultrasound.

A biophysical model is derived to account for the temporal thermal change at the skin of the breast as a result of ultrasound stimulation at the suspect lesion for seven minutes, with responses recorded using an infrared camera. Twenty-two patients were studied. The observed temporal responses for malignant cases have a different pattern from those of the benign cases studied and a mathematical model is used to investigate the controlling parameters. A new method is used to estimate the coefficients of the resulting difference equation which allows more useful diagnostic parameters to be computed than the corresponding continuous bioheat equation. The model is used to fit the experimental data. The results suggest that this method might be a rapid and noninvasive aid for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumours.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of diagnostic ECG results using information and decision theory. Results from the CSE diagnostic study.

Information and decision theory were applied to assess the interpretation results of 15 computer programs (9 electrocardiogram and 6 vectorcardiogram) and 9 cardiologists; 8 of whom analyzed the electrocardiogram and 5 the vectorcardiogram, using a database of 1,220 clinically validated cases. The study demonstrates that information content and utility indices, by providing a comprehensive view of diagnostic performance, can enhance the insight given by the more classic statistical performance measures.

Cardiology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of a physician assistant in diagnostic radiology [PA-DR] on the delivery of diagnostic radiologic clincial services.

A program to train highly selected, experienced radiologic technologists to become Physician Assistants in Diagnostic Radiology [PA-DRs] was initiated at the University of Kentucky Medical Center in 1970. The initial postgraduate year of employment in several different radiologic environments for the first twelve trainees has been evaluated. Their work activities, including examinations that otherwise would have been performed by a radiologist and the number of radiographs screened for evidence of diseases, were analyzed. Studies during their training show they perform these activities accurately. Lastly, the economic impact of PA-DRs and their acceptability to patients and other professionals were evaluated. The PA-DRs spent a majority of their time in activities for which they were trained. Calculated yearly "earnings" of the PA-DRs averaged +31,164. Their salaries ranged +18-25,000. Each PA-DR averaged saving 34% of the employing radiologist's time. They were well accepted by professional colleagues and patients.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

PubMed1975

The diagnostic process in outpatient endocrine care with special reference to screening. Further study of diagnostic patterns, their changes, total and diagnosis-specific resource consumption.

A screening procedure based on physical examination alone was used in the outpatient unit of a department of endocrinology and metabolism. The volume effectiveness and efficiency of this diagnostic process was evaluated by studying the case-records and by mail questionnaire. The case-records of 296 patients admitted to the clinic during 1968 were analyzed. It was found that 103 of these patients were immediately referred back after a brief physical examination only. The pattern of diagnosis, its changes during the screening procedure, and the outpatient-investigation were also studied. 50% of the patients subjected to outpatient-investigation ended up with a new diagnosis. It was also possible to construct a diagnosis-specific cost estimate for outpatient-investigation, starting from a non-confident and arriving at a confident diagnosis. The distribution of these costs was very skew. The cost for the physician performing the screening was estimated to represent only 2.6% of the costs saved by the introduction of the screening.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Diagnostic and differential diagnostic considerations in osteopmyelitis].

A report is drawn up of the available diagnostic procedures in the detection of the different forms of osteomyelitis. Special reference is made to the problems involved in the clinical diagnosis of the mitigated and non-typical forms of haematogenous osteomyelitis which occur more frequently in the present antibiotics era. Early diagnosis of haematogenous osteomyelitis is of the greatest importance, since, in our experience, a cure can only be expected with very early initiation of antibiotic therapy. In regard to the differential diagnosis, abortive manifestations of haematogenous osteomyelitis must be differentiated from rheumatoid arthritic diseases and soft-part inflammations of all kinds, whilst caution must be taken to avoid a mistaken diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗