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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The impact for causal associations between common diseases and inflammatory bowel disease: a disease-wide bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

OBJECTIVES: Observational studies on associations between various diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often limited by confounding and reverse causation. We aimed to assess potential causal relationships between a wide range of diseases and IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of 104 common diseases and IBD traits using the generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) approach. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for diseases were obtained from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, and IBD data from the International IBD Genetics Consortium. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait locus data was applied to identify pleiotropic genes associated with IBD. RESULTS: MR analyses identified 38, 34, and 52 exposures significantly associated with IBD, UC, and CD, respectively. Childhood- and adult-onset asthma showed distinct causal effects on UC and CD. Reverse MR indicated associations between IBD traits and 15 diseases, including multiple sclerosis. SMR identified RGS14 and CARD9 as pleiotropic genes linked to IBD, suggesting shared genetic mechanisms with asthma and multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for causal links and shared immune-related genetic mechanisms underlying IBD, highlighting potential targets for future research.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Perfusion scintigraphy of the myocardium in cardiological diagnosis. Coronary diseases, primary myocardial diseases and rheumatic heart valve diseases].

In 123 patients perfusion scintigrams were compared with the data of clinical investigation, right and left heart catheterisation and coronary arteriography. The intracoronary application of radioactive labelled human-albumin-microspheres and human-microaggregates were without any complications. The patients suffered from coronary heart diseases, primary myocardial diseases and rheumatic valvula heart diseases. There was a good correlation between the myocardial perfusion defect and the degree of coronary artery stenoses. Furthermore an excellent correlation was found between perfusion defects and levocardiographic findings: left ventricular aneurysms, akinetic or hypokinetic areas and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle. All myocardial infarctions were detected by a perfusion defect in the scintigrams. In 16 cardiacsurgery-patients large myocardial perfusion defects were found to be myocardial scars. In primary myocardial diseases perfusion scintigraphy is an effective method of detecting pathological myocardial patterns. The degree of perfusion defects correlates excellently with the levocardiographic findings. It seems that in rheumatic valvular diseases perfusion-scintigraphy is a method to discover rheumatic myocardial abnormalities--probably scar tissue. In comparison with thallium scintigrams it was shown that extensive myocardial failures (aneurysms) can be represented by both nuclear medical procedures but that perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive and correlates more closely to the levocardiogram findings.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

Inflammatory cell count and identification in specific duodenitis. (Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease). Comparison with jejunal findings.

The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Aschoff bodies at necropsy in valvular heart disease. Evidence from an analysis of 543 patients over 14 years of age that rheumatic heart disease, at least anatomically, is a disease of the mitral valve.

Among 543 necropsy patients over age 14 years with severe chronic valvular heart disease, Aschoff bodies were found in 11 patients (2%). The ages of the 11 patients ranged from 18 to 68 years (avg. 38), and nine had had a history of acute rhematic fever earlier in life. Clinically, nine of the 11 patients had mitral stenosis with or without dysfunction of one or more other cardiac valves, one had isolated aortic regurgitation, and one had both mitral and aortic regurgitation. All 11 patients had diffuse fibrous thickening of the mitral valve leaflets, and all but one had diffuse anatomic lesions of at least one other cardiac valve. No patient with anatomic lesions limited to the aortic valve had Aschoff bodies. Thus, among patients with chronic valvular heart disease, Aschoff bodies, the only anatomic lesion pathognomonic of rheumatic heart disease, indicate diffuse anatomic lesions of the mitral leaflets and usually also anatomic lesions of one or more other cardiac valves. The functional mitral lesion is usually stenosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of human polycystic and medullary cystic kidney disease with diphenylamine-induced cystic disease.

Because of difficulty in obtaining cystic human kidneys for functional and morphologic study, animal models are receiving increasing attention. Most prominent among them is the renal cystic disease that is induced in rats through feeding of the antioxidant, diphenylamine, The present study examined the morphology of adult polycystic and medullary cystic kidney disease in man using scanning electron microscopy and compared them with diphenylamine-induced cystic kidney disease in rats. Diphenylamine nephropathy was induced by feeding rats 1 per cent diphenylamine for 12 to 18 months. All types of cystic disease showed changes in the renal corpuscles, including dilation of Bowman's space, podocyte fusion and degeneration, and basement membrane thickening. Cysts were noted along the entire nephron in polycystic and diphenylamine-induced cystic disease but only along the collecting ducts in medullary cystic disease. Cysts in polycystic disease were large and lined by flattened epithelium. Collecting duct cysts in diphenylamine cystic disease were lined by cells of irregular size and shape suggestive of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, whereas cysts of medullary cystic disease were lined by flattened epithelium except where the nephron entered or left the cyst. Cast material was generally found in the cysts of diphenylamine-induced and polycystic kidney disease but not medullary cystic disease. Atrophic glomeruli and tubules were found in all three diseases. Complete tubular obstruction was found in none; however, larger cysts frequently impinged on adjacent tubules and narrowed their lumina. The results of this study show that, in the terminal stages, cellular as well as gross morphologic differences exist between polycystic and medullary cystic kidney disease and that diphenylamine-induced cystic disease more closely resembles human polycystic than medullary cystic kidney disease.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Chest pain as a predictor of coronary artery disease in patients with obstructive aortic valve disease.

To clarify the association between chest pain and significant coronary artery disease in patients who have aortic valve disease, 76 consecutive candidates for aortic valve replacement were evaluated prospectively with use of a historical questionnaire and coronary arteriography. Of the 76 patients, 19 (25 percent) had no chest pain, 21 (28 percent) had chest pain that was not typical of angina pectoris and 36 (47 percent) had chest pain typical of anigina pectoris. In 18 of 19 patients the absence of chest pain correlated with the absence of coronary artery disease. The single patient without chest pain who had coronary artery disease had evidence of an inferior myocardial infarction in the electrocardiogram. Thus, absence of chest pain and the absence of electrocardiographic evidence of infarction predicted the absence of coronary disease in all cases. The presence of chest pain did not predict the presence of coronary artery disease, but the more typical the pain of angina pectoris the more likely were patients to have significant coronary artery disease. Of the 21 patients with atypical chest pain, 6 (29 percent) had coronary artery disease, but of the 36 patients with typical angina pectoris 23 (64 percent) had significant coronary artery disease. In addition, when patients with chest pain not typical of angina pectoris also had coronary artery disease, the diseased vessels usually supplied smaller areas of the left ventricle than when the pain was typical of angina pectoris. In 21 of 23 patients (91 percent) with typical angina pectoris and significant coronary artery disease, lesions were present in the left coronary artery. There was no systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve that excluded the presence of coronary artery disease, although all patients with a calculated aortic valve area of less than 0.4 cm2 were free of coronary artery disease. Patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction were more likely to have normal coronary arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Frequency of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with coronary heart disease with and without infarction (author's transl)].

In 107 consecutive patients the frequency of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in coronary heart disease was assessed by selective coronary angiography and sonographic Doppler pressure estimation. Among 75 patients with coronary heart disease 21 (28%) had arterial occlusive disease, among 32 patients without coronary heart disease only one (3%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of both diseases. 40 out of 75 patients with coronary heart disease had suffered from cardiac infarction. Infarction frequency showed a highly significant correlation with increasing severity of the coronary heart disease, but none with increasing severity or frequency of arterial occlusive disease. When there was no arterial occlusive disease all degrees of severity of coronary heart disease were found. Analysing the literature it becomes evident that coronary heart disease is frequently an isolated or premature manifestation of arteriosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Prion disease mimicking rapidly progressive Alzheimer disease: case series and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prion disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) are common causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). Although most patients with prion disease are distinguished by MRI and CSF findings, selected cases mimic rapidly progressive AD. We characterized AD-prion disease mimics within a prospective cohort and the extant literature to identify the clinical features and tests that support accurate diagnoses in these patients. METHODS: Patients with prion disease initially diagnosed as rapidly progressive AD were identified from a prospective cohort study at Mayo Clinic (February 2020-June 2026) and through systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase. RESULTS: Of 204 patients with RPD, five (2.5%) were initially diagnosed with clinically probable AD but ultimately determined to have prion disease. Systematic review identified 10 additional cases (n=15, median age-at-onset, 59 years; 67% male). Presentations reproduced amnestic (53%), dysexecutive (27%), primary progressive aphasia (13%), and posterior cortical atrophy (7%) AD phenotypes; median time from AD diagnosis to consideration of prion disease was 2 months. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities were absent in Mayo Clinic cases and absent/equivocal (n=2) or overlooked (n=8) in published cases. CSF biomarkers were consistent with AD in 6/9 tested patients, with elevated total tau levels in 11/13 patients and total-tau/p hosphorylated-tau181 ratios in 5/9 patients. Real-time quaking-induced conversion assays for prions were positive in the CSF of 9/12 patients. Prion disease was confirmed by neuropathology (n=7), genetics (n=2), or real-time quaking-induced conversion (n=6) assays. CONCLUSIONS: Prion disease may rarely mimic rapidly progressive AD. Disproportionate elevations in CSF total-tau levels or total-tau/p hosphorylated-tau181 ratios should prompt consideration of prion disease.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Efficacy of Advanced Therapies in Achieving Remission by Disease Location in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We compared the efficacy of different advanced therapies by disease location in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Through a systematic review, we identified 14 randomized controlled trials in 3139 patients with moderate-to-severe CD who were treated with different advanced therapies vs placebo, and reported efficacy in inducing clinical remission, stratified by disease location (isolated colonic vs ileal disease, excluding ileocolonic disease). We grouped advanced therapies based on the primary mechanism of action: anti-interleukins, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors), anti-integrins, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. We calculated treatment efficacy (drug vs placebo), overall and by drug class, for colonic vs ileal disease. RESULTS: Overall treatment efficacy of advanced therapies vs placebo was higher in patients with colonic (odds ratio [OR], 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.02-5.54) vs ileal CD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23-2.63; P < .001). By drug class, anti-interleukins demonstrated a higher efficacy in colonic disease (OR, 4.29; 95% CI, 2.77-6.64) vs ileal disease (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.44-3.70; P = .059), whereas no difference in efficacy was observed with anti-integrins (colonic vs ileal: OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.55-5.87 vs 2.10; 95% CI, 0.80-5.53; P = .84). For JAK inhibitors, efficacy was observed only in patients with isolated colonic disease (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.67-7.15), but not in ileal disease (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.54-1.89; P < .001). All analyses had minimal to moderate heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of efficacy of advanced therapies for ileal CD is generally lower compared with isolated colonic CD, with JAK inhibitors showing particularly limited efficacy for ileal disease. These results may help inform treatment selection.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

A disease-conscious method for sequential diagnosis by use of disease probabilities without assumption of symptom independence.

A method for automatic diagnosis of disease is formulated and applied to a data base of several hundred gastroenterological patients who were each known to have one of six diseases. Application of the method requires no assumptions regarding statistical independence of symptoms. Each disease is associated with its own disease-symptom function, and any order of dependence between the symptoms and each disease may be allowed for. A patient's symptoms are used to determine the value of any specified disease-symptom function. This value is then used to determine the probability that the patient has the corresponding disease. The method is applied to a sequential diagnosis of patients not contained in the initial data base. Additional symptoms are chosen according to their diagnostic value. The entire model is disease-conscious in that disease-symptom functions, disease probabilities and diagnostic values need be evaluated only for those diseases that are considered relevant to the diagnosis.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1977

Role of hypertension in ischemic heart disease and cerebral vascular disease in the cynomolgus monkey with coarctation of the aorta.

The role of hypertension in cardiovascular disease was studied in the hypertensive coarcted monkey during the feeding of an atherogenic and nonatherogenic diet. During the 15-month period of observation, half of the hypertensive coarcted monkeys developed cardiovascular disease which included heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and sudden death. There were no cardiovascular complications in the control normotensive monkeys except for one cholesterol-fed animal. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was higher in monkeys with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia than in those with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia alone. Postmortem studies revealed that the former monkeys had both hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease, whereas the monkeys with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia had either hypertensive or atherosclerotic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease was characterized not only by hypertrophy of the left ventricle but also by focal myocardial degeneration and fibrosis and by focal thickening and narrowing of the small coronary arteries, particularly the sinus node artery and the atrioventricular node artery. The finding of transmural myocardial infarction in two monkeys with patient coronary arteries suggests a possible role of coronary artery spasm in ischemic heart disease in hypertension. The cerebral vascular complications of hypertension included hypertensive encephalopathy, transient "ischemic" attacks, and hemorrhagic stroke. The complications were associated with severe hypertension and with hypertensive vascular disease or hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the cerebral arteries.

Animals↗