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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Interaction between acoustic environment and landscape--the effect of acoustic environment on perceived landscape and the effect of landscape on perceived acoustic environment].

The effect of acoustic environment on the impression of the landscape and the effect of the landscape on the impression of the acoustic environment were investigated by a multivariate technique using a semantic differential method. The resulting five dimensions were interpreted as "Calmness", "Activity", "Naturalness", "Uniqueness", and "Volume (Magnitude)" for both landscape and sound evaluations. These common psychological qualities are considered to be the intermodalities of visual and auditory processing. Further, the consonance phenomenon through the intermodalities, a kind of interaction between auditory and visual processing which changes the psychological qualities to the same direction, was observed when the combination of the acoustic environment and landscape was evaluated to be matched. These results may be the basis of the soundscape design under various kinds of landscape.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed2025

Prediction of Australian wheat genotype by environment interactions and mega-environments.

Latent environmental effects of genotype by environment interactions could be predicted from observed environmental covariates. Predictions into the wider target population of environments revealed greater insights. Wheat is grown across a diverse range of environments in Australia with contrasting environmental constraints. Targeted breeding to optimise genotypes in target environments is hindered by large and ubiquitous genotype by environment interactions (GEI). Common GEI in multi-environment trial experiments, which sample the target population of environments, can be efficiently modelled using latent environmental effects from factor analytic mixed models. However, generalised prediction into the full target population of environments is difficult without a clear link to observed environmental covariates (ECs) that are defined from high-resolution weather and soil data. Here, we used a large wheat multi-environment trial dataset and demonstrated that latent environmental effects can be associated with and predicted from observed ECs. We found GEI-based environment classes could be defined by combinations of key ECs. Prediction of main and latent effects in a wider set of environments covering the full TPE across the Australian grain belt over 13 years revealed the complex trends of environmental effects and GEI over regional scales demonstrating high year-to-year variability. Regional environment types often shifted year-to-year. Cross-validation of forward genomic prediction into untested year environments demonstrated that increased accuracy is possible if estimated genetic effects are also accurate and ECs of new environments are known. These findings may guide Australian wheat breeders to better target specifically adapted material to mega-environments defined by static GEI while also considering broad adaptability and non-static GEI resulting from year-to-year variability.

Triticum↗
PubMed1979

Physiological reaction of women during exercise and recovery, in a comfortable environment and a hot environment.

Physiological reaction and oxygen intake during exercise and recovery were measured in fourteen young female Japanese during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle at 25 degree C with 50% relative humidity and at 35 degree C with 50% relative humidity. Subjects, clad in bathing suits only, performed a bicycle ergometer exercise at a constant work load of 600 kg . m/min at a cycling rate of 50 rpm for 20 min and recovered while remaining on the bicycle ergometer for 40 min. The mean values of sweat volume and skin temperature were significantly greater at 35 degree C than at 25 degree C. It has been shown that heart rate and rectal temperature during exercise were slightly higher at 35 degree C than at 25 degree C, while those during recovery were significantly higher at 35 degree C than at 25 degree C. Oxygen intake, oxygen debt, and the fall in diastolic blood pressure after exercise were considerably greater at 35 degree C than at 25 degree C. The increase in oxygen intake in a hot environment might result from an increased metabolism due to higher body temperature and increased energy requirement for heat dissipation such as profuse sweating, higher heart rate, and increased ventilatory volume. The increase in oxygen debt in a hot environment might reflect the increased metabolism caused by higher body temperature and the increased production of lactic acid in the working muscle as a result of an insufficient blood supply to the muscle. The increases in sweat volume, oxygen intake during exercise, and oxygen debt in women in a hot environment were considerably smaller than corresponding values for men. The smaller increase in sweat volume in women in a hot environment could reflect a smaller oxygen intake and a more marked dilation of skin vessels in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Health and the environment: a global challenge. WHO Commission on Health and Environment.

A healthy environment is not only a need, it is also a right; the right to live and work in an environment conducive to physical and mental health is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Everyone shares the responsibility for ensuring that this right is duly acknowledged. The responsibility for action lies with individuals and with business. Governments have the responsibility of setting up the strategic and institutional framework within which action is taken. There are three main global objectives: achieving a sustainable basis for health for all--by slowing down population growth as soon as possible, and promoting life-styles and patterns of consumption among affluent groups and countries that are consistent with ecological sustainability; providing an environment that promotes health--by reducing the risk of physical, chemical and biological hazards and ensuring that everyone has the means to acquire the resources on which health depends; making all individuals and organizations aware of their responsibilities for health and its environmental basis.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1992

The high-risk infant environment. Part 2. The role of caregiving and the social environment.

Neonatal intensive care units are essential for the successful care of very immature and sick infants. The technology of NICUs has contributed significantly to the reduction of neonatal mortality and improvement of neonatal outcome. While the outcome for high-risk neonates has vastly improved over the past three decades, a number of infants sustain injuries and complications that result in long-term disabilities. It is now clear that some of the long-term problems of high-risk infants are a result of the environment and care practices and are not attributable to the original disease or condition that necessitated intensive care. There is accumulating evidence that environmental factors and care practices can interact with disease processes in ways that can increase morbidity, and possibly mortality. In addition to developmental and behavioral problems, there is growing evidence of effects on visual function and perhaps other sensory systems. Many of the environmental and care factors may cause delay in recovery and increase NICU time or unnecessary discomfort, yet not produce long-term disabilities or problems, as currently assessed. Many of the potential behavioral and developmental problems, as well as many of the potential problems with visual, auditory, and other modes of sensory discrimination, are not included in the usual follow-up assessments. The absence of data or the limitations of existing studies are not a cause for comfort or the assumption that the environment and care practices are safe or not harmful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Environment↗
PubMed1992

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 and spatial memory representation: working memory is impaired in an unfamiliar environment but not in a familiar environment.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 or saline 30 min before daily testing in spatial working memory (WM) and reference memory (RM) procedures in an 8-arm radial maze. MK-801 impaired RM and WM acquisition but not performance when rats were trained to criterion before drug administration. Neither a 2-hr nor a 4-hr delay between the first and last 2 correct WM choices impaired long-term WM. MK-801 impaired WM performance in trained rats only when rats were tested in a new environment. Thus, 2 mechanisms may be required for relational memory: an NMDA-dependent mechanism for acquiring long-term spatial representations and an NMDA-insensitive mechanism for operating on these stored representations.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ward environment in an inpatient drug dependence treatment unit: II. Attempts to improve ward environment.

Ward activity and atmosphere in a Drug Dependence Treatment Unit were found to be poor in a previous study. The results of two attempts to improve ward environment are reported. The arrival of an occupational therapist had a very slight and restricted effect on the level of patients' constructive activity, and produced only one significant change on the Ward Atmosphere Scale; patients perceived an increase in Practicality. There was, however, a consistent improvement in patients' Vigor and Friendliness mood scores following the arrival of the occupational therapist. A pilot project using cigarettes as reinforces for patient constructive activity produced little sustained effect. Possible reasons for the difficulties in managing drug-dependent patients are discussed, and suggestions made for improvement.

Affect↗
PubMed1977

Environment-dependent attachment behaviour of goslings (Anser indicus) due to environment-specific separation experience.

Hand-reared Bar-headed goslings (Anser indicus) were always left alone by the human parent in one room, while in another room the parent was always with them. After 13--22 h of experience in each room and at an age of 4--5 days individual goslings were left alone for 5 min in each room. They uttered significantly fewer distress calls in the room in which they were accustomed to being left alone by the parent. The result is interpreted in terms of environment-dependent calibration of interindividual distances. Such weighted distances are expected to be important variables in the short-term control of attachment behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Environment. Preventive health action in the creation of the environment].

The present quantitative importance of prevention is in Switzerland extremely low in comparison to the health budget of the national community. It has taken in recent years increasing place however in speeches and talks as well as in medical thinking. Prevention presently tends to be seen as a medical specialty among others and perhaps prefigures a new form of medicine, the object of which would be the societal body more than the body of the sick individual. In this perspective (would that be good?), a new type of physician-informatician-statistician might be trained, with the mission to manage and supervise the health status of the population. Preventive health action through the environment at large could fulfill an important role in the foreseeable developments. New health "morals" are currently emerging, which are bringing together numerous adepts. This might mean that the time of a "health society" (or health-determined society) is not far.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

Dangerous mixture of household detergents in an old-style toilet: a case report with simulation experiments of the working environment and warning of potential hazard relevant to the general environment.

A housewife cleaned toilet porcelain connected directly to a sewage storage tank with a mixture of cleaning agents; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. She complained of insomnia on the night after cleaning and suffered from severe metabolic acidosis with extremely low blood pH, PCO2 and bicarbonate values. She recovered from the acidosis after bicarbonate transfusion, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. Permanent blindness ensued, however, from the third day after the event. These clinical symptoms suggested that the toxic substances responsible were chloramine and methyl chloride. Their generation was confirmed by in-vitro experiments, mixing NaOCl, HCl and pooled urine from normal people. In the simulation, the methyl chloride level far exceeded (100,000 ppm) the maximal allowable concentration recommended (ca 400 ppm) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Chloramine's toxic actions were confirmed using purified enzyme assay, and the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the enhancement of superoxide dismutase activity were confirmed in neutral pH. The patient's clinical symptoms suggested that insomnia and permanent blindness seemed to be partly ascribable to chronic repetitive exposure to methyl chloride; catching a cold, drug intake and alcohol intake, in addition, precipitated the patient's visual loss. The possibility of this kind of intoxication with such a mixture of agents may lie latent in any situation where sewage or garbage are exposed to the open air.

Acidosis↗