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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in Colorado beef cattle serum--a pilot environmental monitoring system.

A pilot project was initiated to test an existing animal disease surveillance system for use in monitoring environmental pollutants. Eleven chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were assayed to provide an indication of environmental contamination. A total of 241 bovine serum samples from 53 Colorado beef ranches was tested; 123 samples (51%) were found to contain detectable concentrations of 1 or more of 11 chlorinated hydrocarbons. There were a total of 203 occurrences of a compound being found at a level exceeding the detection limit. Heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, and oxychlordane were the insecticides detected most frequently in bovine sera. This pilot study supports the use of domestic food-producing animals as sentinels of environmental contamination with insecticides.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental monitoring in Lithuania. Environmental distress signals: gastrointestinal epithelial barrier after exposure to chemical agents.

Lithuania's environment is heavily polluted as a result of domestic and transboundary contamination. The main ecological problems are related to atmospheric pollution; water contamination; soil, water, and forest acidification; nitrogen-compounds overload of soil, water, and food; and contamination with agricultural chemicals and heavy metals. The increased environmental distress is a menace to public health in Lithuania. Experimental studies need to be designed and used to ascertain the effects of environmental distress on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial barrier. Our electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical study of human gastrointestinal endocrine cells revealed changes in the amount of secretory material and intracytoplasmic vacuolization after exposure to the environmental chemicals such as hexavalent chromium and the herbicide Saprol. The most affected were the EC (serotonin, motilin, substance P), D (somatostatin), A (glucagon), B (insulin), and mast (histamine, serotonin, heparin) cells. These results provide ultrastructural evidence of digestive tract epithelial barrier reaction as an expression of environmental distress signals of the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

From molecular responses to environmental monitoring: advances and translational gaps in omics approaches in fish environmental toxicology.

Fish occupy a central position in aquatic ecosystems and serve as important bioindicators for environmental monitoring, as well as powerful translational models for understanding toxic mechanisms conserved across higher vertebrates. In recent years, omics techniques have proven to be powerful tools to address complex environmental questions that conventional toxicology methods cannot answer. Despite this potential, a critical translational gap remains between molecular findings and their use in ecological risk assessment frameworks. This review critically synthesizes advances across omics techniques including epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics and their integration. Special emphasis is placed on methodological considerations and practical aspects of these techniques in fish environmental toxicology and environmental monitoring. Evidence from single-omics studies suggests conserved biomarker signatures across species while characterizing complex phenomena like non-monotonic dose-response relationships, mixture toxicity and transgenerational and stereoselective effects with implications for population level monitoring. Multi-omics studies, especially those involving triple omics, further enhance mechanistic resolution by reconstructing adverse outcome pathways. We further evaluate using case studies when additional molecular layers provide critical insight and when they offer limited advantage, a strategic distinction with direct implications in environmental monitoring programmes. Finally, current limitations and future directions that will ultimately bridge the translational gap and hold promise for advancing mechanistic ecotoxicology and predictive environmental monitoring are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigational trends: clean room environmental monitoring.

GMP problems associated with microbiological environmental monitoring are among those most commonly cited as objectionable during FDA inspections of parenteral drug manufacturing facilities. This presentation describes FDA inspection approaches and techniques and audit applications used in evaluating the effectiveness of firms environmental monitoring programs. Environmental monitoring programs involve considerable data, and many variables are interrelated to make difficult detection of patterns and trends during FDA audits. Consequently, systematic computer-aided audit techniques have been developed by the author to permit detection of patterns, trends and GMP documentation problems by the FDA. The strategies and techniques described in this paper may provide management with ideas about ways to review and audit their own environmental data. Presented are some practical details about the use of a portable computer to systematically assess trends and patterns. Several program applications (algorithms) were developed to determine if cleanroom environmental data are under a state of control.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental specimen banking. A complement to environmental monitoring.

The risk of environmental damage from the countless chemicals and chemical combinations is estimated by monitoring the air, water, soil, and biota and comparing the findings to known risks. Environmental monitoring involves the collection and chemical analysis of selected samples to determine pollutant trends, forecast damage to the environment, and develop control strategies. However, past experience has taught us that there is always a level of uncertainty associated with the chemical analysis of complex environmental samples. This uncertainty arises from insufficient analytical sensitivity to detect trace levels of damaging pollutants, unsuspected analytical inaccuracies associated with unknown interferences, and limited resolution to identify and quantify all pollutants of interest. Environmental specimen banking can serve as a complement to environmental monitoring by allowing future chemists to analyze preserved samples retrospectively with emerging analytical methodologies. In other words, specimen banking will give later environmentalists the opportunity to characterize chemicals whose hazards were not recognized or for which sufficiently accurate analytical methods were not available. This will enable us to determine whether a newly recognized pollutant is truly a new environmental threat or whether it has always been with us. Although environmental specimen banking is still in its infancy, we now have many experiences that clearly demonstrate that valuable information can be produced. In all environmental monitoring programs, some consideration should be given to preserving selected samples. Ideally, specimen banking will involve; (1) a stable funding commitment, (2) a cryogenic storage facility, (3) development of selection criteria to collect the most valuable environmental specimens, and (4) a continuing research program to develop optimal procedures for collecting, handling, and preserving specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A beta spectrometer for monitoring environmental matrices.

In environmental matrices, pure beta emitters are often present with other beta-gamma emitters. This work describes a beta spectrometer that allows measurement of pure beta-emitter activities of about 10(-2) Bq. The detection system consists of a plastic scintillator surrounded in a 4 pi geometry by large anticoincidence NaI(Tl) scintillators. Solid, liquid, and gaseous samples can be analyzed, and no chemical separation is necessary. The system is particularly useful for 90Sr measurement.

Beta Particles↗
PubMed1992

Biosensors for environmental monitoring.

In this article we will outline several biosensor applications which may fill existing technology gaps in the area of environmental monitoring. The requirements for these environmental biosensors, as well as difficulties in commercialization, are also addressed.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Environmental monitoring and research at the John F. Kennedy Space Center.

The Biomedical Operations and Research Office at the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center has been supporting environmental monitoring and research since the mid-1970s. Program elements include monitoring of baseline conditions to document natural variability in the ecosystem, assessments of operations and construction of new facilities, and ecological research focusing on wildlife habitat associations. Information management is centered around development of a computerized geographic information system that incorporates remote sensing and digital image processing technologies along with traditional relational data base management capabilities. The proactive program is one in which the initiative is to anticipate potential environmental concerns before they occur and, by utilizing in-house expertise, develop impact minimization or mitigation strategies to reduce environmental risk.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage effluent and the incidence of Campylobacter infection in the community.

Environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in liquid sewage effluent (primary settlement only) during 1988 and 1989 showed a prominent seasonality with distinct peaks in May and June (the average number of bacteria per 100 ml of effluent in months other than May and June was 2244 and the average for the peak months was 50,778). Apart from September 1989, this seasonality coincided precisely with the seasonal variation of campylobacter enteritis in the community with similar distinct peaks in May and June (the incidence of infection in May and June was twice or three times that in the other months). Sampling of sewers showed that the campylobacters in the sewage effluent came mainly from abbatoir and animal processing plants with only a minor input from the community. Therefore, the seasonal peaks in the sewage effluent and in the community may not be dependent on human infections but on zoonotic infections which may also peak in May and June.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1992

The 70 kD heat shock protein (hsp 70) in soil invertebrates: a possible tool for monitoring environmental toxicants.

The expression of hsp 70 after heat shock or exposure to heavy metals/molluscicides was investigated by fluorography or immunoblot in three diplopods (Glomeris marginata, Cylindroiulus punctatus, Tachypodoiulus niger), two slugs (Deroceras reticulatum, Arion ater), and one isopod (Oniscus asellus). In O. asellus, hsp 70 expression occurred after heat shock and also after lead treatment, whereby a solution of 100 mg/kg Pb2+ was sufficient. Animals of the same species taken from a heavy metal polluted site in the vicinity of a lead/zinc smelter also showed the presence of hsp 70. The comparison of laboratory and field experiments demonstrated the suitability of O. asellus for monitoring tests. In contrast, the blot pattern after contamination with 1,000 mg/kg Pb2+ (in the mentioned diplopods) or different concentrations of the molluscicide Cloethocarb (BASF, FRG) (slugs) showed no differences compared to the respective control group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation and environmental monitoring of aseptic processing. Committee on Microbial Purity.

The many different checkpoints concerning the complementary activities of validation and monitoring of aseptically processed pharmaceutical preparations are described. The features are based on the official and current GMP guidelines. These are outlined in practical terms according to the personal experience of the authors and manufacturing specialists who were consulted.

Drug Contamination↗