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Results for “environmental streptococci”

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PubMed2025

Multivariate Effects of SNPs on Environmental Streptococcal Mastitis Evaluated With an NGS-Based Association Study Using Targeted Resequencing in the Bovine MHC Region.

Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by bacterial infection of the teat, and a relationship between its onset and cattle major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) region has been reported. However, no comprehensive genetic analysis of mastitis caused by environmental streptococci has been reported. Here, we resequenced the BoLA region using a hybridisation capture target next-generation sequencing (NGS) method to identify disease susceptibility markers mapped to the BoLA region in environmental streptococcal mastitis. This study examined 75 cows with mastitis caused by environmental streptococci selected from 1641 cows with mastitis and 222 healthy cows without mastitis in Japan. Targeted sequences obtained from MiSeq NGS were aligned to the bovine reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2/bosTau9), and 2,920,355 variants were detected within the BoLA region of the 297 Holstein cattle. In an association study using 2264 variants after quality control, the top 20 variants with the lowest P values were selected and assigned to the 18 surrounding candidate genes, and a gene network analysis of these genes resulted in the narrowing down of five candidate genes POU5F1, IER3, GNL1, ABCF1, and PRR3. Multivariate effect analysis of all 6 SNPs associated with these 5 genes revealed that they were significantly correlated with mastitis, indicating that they were useful for classification of mastitis-resistant and mastitis-susceptible cattle. This is the first report to identify SNPs associated with environmental streptococcal mastitis with an NGS-based association study using targeted resequencing in the BoLA region, and understanding host factors may provide important clues for mastitis control.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Airborne contamination and postoperative infection after total hip replacement.

The results of 163 hip replacements at the Uppsala University Hospital are presented. Deep infection occurred in ten cases and was caused by Staphylococcus aureus in four early or intermediate infections and by anaerobes in four late infections. The remaining two infections (both of which were late) were probably associated with Staphylococcus albus--in one case possibly also with alpha streptococci. Two superficial infections not affecting the operative result were caused by Staphylococcus aureus and betahaemolytic streptococci. The results of environmental analyses of staphylococci and the total number of bacteria in the air during 77 operations did not indicate that airborne infection is a major cause of postoperative infections--there was no difference between the number of bacteria found in the air during operations after which infection occurred and uninfected operations, and the use of special zonal ventilation with high rates of air exchange in the operating area had no effect on the infection frequency.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Experimental vaginal colonization and mother-infant transmission of group B streptococci in rats.

An animal model for group B streptococcal vaginal colonization and neonatal acquisition was developed with albino rats. Intravaginal inoculation of genital isolates of group B streptococci of serotypes Ia, II, and III either once or on 3 successive days resulted in carriage of the organisms for 7 days or longer in 26% of the virgin animals and 43% of the pregnant animals. Throat and perianal cultures of the offspring of pregnant rats revealed that 51% of the rat pups acquired the organisms at some time. Litter exchange studies were done to explore the contributions of environmental and intralitter spread. Significantly more infants born to mothers with positive vaginal cultures acquired the organisms than infants of culture-negative mothers who were suckled by positive adoptive mothers. However, 13% of the offsprinital cultures acquired group B streptococci. This model may be valuable in understanding the dynamics of vaginal carriage and mother-infant transmission of group B streptococci.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1978

A study of acute respiratory disease in the community of Port Chalmers. I. Illnesses within a group of selected families and the relative incidence of respiratory pathogens in the whole community.

A study of respiratory diseases in the semi-isolated community of Port Chamlers, New Zealand, began in April 1973. The intensive surveillance of a selected group fo 26 families involved the weekly reporting of illness, the collection of specimens for virus, Group A streptococci and Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation and the collection of sera at 6-month intervals. A total of 956 illnesses were reported during 32 months. The median number of illnesses per year were: infants 4.4, children 2.5, female adults 2.4 and male adults 2.0. Of all these illnesses, 57% were upper respiratory, 31% were lower respiratory and 9% were enteric. The severity of these illnesses was not greater than would be expected in open communities. Surveillance by pathogen isolation only of the whole community through the patients in the general practice was carried out concurrently. A total of 640 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from which 161 viruses, 47 Group A streptococci and 2 M. pneumoniae were isolated. The overall isolation rate was 33%. The similarities between the epidemiological patterns of respiratory disease in the open community and the isolated community are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Gentamicin-based medium for the isolation of group D streptococci and application of the medium to water analysis.

Gentamicin-thallous-carbonate (GTC) medium contained (per liter): 40.0 g of Trypticase soy agar, 5.0 g of KH(2)PO(4), 2.0 g of NaHCO(2), 1.0 g of glucose, 1.0 g of esculin, 0.5 g of thallous acetate (TA), 0.5 g of ferric citrate, 0.75 ml of Tween 80, and 2.5 mg of gentamicin sulfate. The NaHCO(3) (20 ml of a 10% solution that had been heated to boiling) was added after sterilization of the basal medium. The spread plate technique was used to compare GTC agar with Pfizer selective enterococcus, TA, and KF agars by using sewage as well as bovine and swine fecal samples. Significantly greater numbers of group D streptococci were recovered on GTC agar than on Pfizer selective enterococcus or KF agars, within and over all samples. Higher counts also were obtained on GTC than on TA agar, but the differences were not statistically significant. The percentage of false positives was about the same for all four media. Samples of riverwater also were plated on GTC, TA, and KF agars, and significantly higher recoveries were obtained with GTC agar. GTC agar was superior to the other media examined primarily because of increased recoveries of Streptococcus bovis and S. equinus; other advantages of GTC agar were large colony size and short (24-h) incubation period. The percentage of false positives from riverwater was 13% for GTC agar and 0% for TA and KF agars; therefore, confirmation would be necessary when GTC agar is used with some types of environmental samples.

Culture Media↗