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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Generation and compensation of the cancer cachectic process by spontaneous modification of feeding behavior.

Daily food intake and corresponding feeding activity (measured as duration) and feeding efficiency (amount of food ingested per unit of feeding activity) were measured both in normal Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats and during growth of Walker 256 and 4M mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats and of Morris 5123 hepatoma in Buffalo rats. Estimates of meal size and frequency were also obtained. Growth of the carcinomas produced a decline in feeding activity accompanied, early in tumor growth, by a compensatory increase in feeding efficiency with no resultant effect on food intake. This compensated decline in feeding activity was due to reduction in average meal duration. Later, meal frequency was also reduced, with further reduction in feeding activity and reduction in food intake. There was little change in average meal size. The hepatoma produced a different detailed pattern of effect on feeding behavior. These effects are not nonspecific reactions to foreign tissue. The effects imply behavioral compensation for the breakdown of a rapidly responding physiological control of food intake and can be interpreted in terms of successive impairment of feeding control mechanisms that have different response rates and different behavioral modes.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide association studies for feed efficiency, production and feeding behavior traits in Canadian purebred Duroc pigs.

This study aimed to identify potential genetic variants and candidate genes associated with feed efficiency (FE), production, and feeding behavior traits in Canadian purebred Duroc pigs. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using 8,861 individuals and an imputed Affymetrix PigGen Canada 50K panel v2.0 using a linear mixed model (LMM) and a Bayesian B model. This analysis used an adjusted P-value threshold (ranging from 6.6 × 10-5 to 1.3 × 10-4) using a false-discovery rate to determine significance. The number of significant SNPs identified for each trait was as follows: average daily gain (ADG, 48), daily feed intake (DFI, 85), feed conversion ratio (FCR, 101), residual feed intake (RFI, 37), residual gain (RG, 64), residual intake and gain (RIG, 55), backfat thickness (BF, 100), loin depth (LD, 6), Kleiber's ratio (KR, 0), total time spent eating per day (TPD, 7), and number of visits to the feeder per day (NVD, 6). Several traits (BF, DFI, FCR, RFI, RG, and RIG) showed strong overlapping signals on chromosomes 7 and 10 with 24 shared significant SNPs, indicating potential shared genetic mechanisms. These traits also had 71 overlapping candidate genes, such as PACSIN1, PTCH1, ADIPOR1, and ITPR3, associated with glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. Well-known candidate genes in literature associated with growth and fatness such as MC4R and CDH20 were also identified to be associated with ADG, BF, FCR, and DFI in this study. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a set of the candidate genes were involved in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathways. Overall, this study contributed to understanding the genetic architecture and provided a biological foundation for improving FE, production, and feeding behavior traits in Canadian Duroc pigs, facilitating the selection of more efficient pigs.

Sus scrofa↗
PubMed1979

Plasticity of feeding behavior in the opisthobranch mollusc Navanax.

Several forms of plasticity of feeding behavior were investigated in Navanax. Navanax is a gastropod mollusc which lacks a radula, and ingests prey with suction caused by rapid pharyngeal expansion. Feeding is little affected by handling or posture and is resistant to the noxious stimulus of cutting through the body wall. Feeding is affected by arousal, as shown by a decrease in latency following initial exposure to food. The feeding response also habituates, as shown by an increase in latency when feeding responses are elicited without allowing animals to engulf food. The latency increase is not likely to be due to motor fatigue, since it can be partially reversed by dishabituation with an alternate prey species. Continued feeding causes satiation, as shown by increased feeding latencies and eventual cessation of feeding after a mean weight gain of 42.0% of initial animal weight (N = 12). Another form of plasticity occurs when Navanax are presented with food too large to swallow whole. Navanax either cease to respond after a few presentations, perhaps due to habituation, or maintain suction on the partially swallowed prey for an extended period of time. During extended sucks, the more deeply ingested portions are digested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Similar effects of estrogen and lateral hypothalamic lesions on feeding behavior of female rats.

Many similarities exist between the inhibitory influence of estrogen on food intake (FI) and body weight (BWt) in female rats and the effect of lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions on energy balance. Thus, a possible interaction of small electrolytic LH lesions (0.8 mA/10 sec) with hormone-dependent changes in FI, BWt and feeding patterns of female rats was examined. Relative to sham operated controls, rats with LH lesions showed a transitory period of anorexia and initial loss of BWt. Subsequently, FI and BWt gains of lesioned rats returned to control levels although a small chronic reduction in mean BWt was observed relative to sham animals. Daily changes in FI and BWt during 4-day estrous cycles as well as post-ovariectomy increases in FI and BWt were comparable for lesion and sham animals. Also, both groups showed a similar decrease in FI and BWt following a SC injection of estradiol benzoate (EB). Possible effects of LH lesions were further examined by analyzing feeding patterns. Feeding behavior was continuously monitored with photodetectors and recorded on an Esterline Angus event marker before and after a single SC injection of 6 micrograms of EB. Relative to shams, LH animals showed an exaggerated diurnal distribution of meals, ate smaller meals of shorter duration and had larger intervals between meals during the light period. EB was found to shift the feeding patterns of sham animals towards the meal patterns shown by the lesioned rats (exaggerated diurnal distribution of meals, etc.). However, the lesioned rats also showed a normal change in feeding patterns following EB, albeit these changes occurred from a markedly different baseline level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Light and electron microscopic observations of feeding behavior, nutrition, and reproduction in laboratory cultures of Thalassicolla nucleata.

T. nucleata is a skeletonless, single-celled radiolarian commonly found in ocean surface water. Specimens were cultured in the laboratory in a seawater--antibiotic medium. Feeding experiments show that T. nucleata is omnivorous with preference for crustacea, colorless flagellates, and occasional diatoms. Pigmented algae bearing organic thecae are occasionally consumed, but Dunaliella sp. is rejected. Rhizopodial activity during algal predation is compared to activity during crustacean predation, and evidence for differentiation of function among rhizopodia is presented. Electron microscopic observations and evidence from cytochalasin B treatment support the hypothesis that microfilaments mediate organized rhizopodial streaming. Reproduction is by isospores which resemble those in other spumellarian Radiolaria. Survival time in laboratory culture indicates that T. nucleata has a life span of at least 3 weeks. These findings are discussed in relation to the unique requirements imposed by a pelagic habitat on survival of a single-celled floating organism.

Animals↗