PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “fruit”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Determination and the hygienic-toxicologic significance of patulin in fruit and fruit products].

The combination of extracting, chromatographic and fluorescence densitometric steps permits to determine patulin in fruits and fruit products with great precision and sensitivity. The limit of detection is 10 microgram/kg; the recovery rates range from 86 to 92% with a variation coefficient lying between 5.6 and 13.6%. Interferences due to patulin-simulating substances are widely excluded. Patulin concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 42 mg/kg were found in the brown-rotten portions of apples. Juices domestically prepared from healthy fruits and fruits rid of rotten portions, respectively, contained no patulin. On the contrary, patulin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 mg/l were observed in commercial apple juices. As to products with subsequent mould infection, patulin values up to 50 mg/l were found in apple juices, and up to 0.4 mg/kg in peach preserves. In a further 24 commercial fruit and vegetable juices, patulin was not detectable even not in cider, in cereals which had gone mouldy spontaneously, and in bread samples. The fruits and fruit products were analysed not only for patulin, but also for aflatoxin and ochratoxin; the latter two, however, were found in none of the samples examined. The possibilities of manufacturing patulin-free products are discussed.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1975

The phenolics of fruits. VII. The phenolics of cherries and plums and the changes in catechins and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives during the development of fruits.

Quantitative data of hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycoumarins (after hydrolysis of derivatives) and of catechins are given. -Large quantities of catechins and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are found in the young fruit. Related to mg per kg fresh weight these concentrations soon decline sharply, especially during the progressive growth of the fruits. Related to mg per fruit, the concentrations of catechins increase progressively with fruit development, showing a loss when reaching maturity. The concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids increase in a similar manner, but show in part a remarkable loss when examined after removal of the harder seeds.

Benzopyrans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attraction of ethyl ether extracts of 232 botanicals to oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies.

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, and the oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel, three Hawaiian tephritids of economic importance, were exposed to traps each containing one of 232 ethyl ether extracts of air-dried botanicals. The principal concern was to establish which extracts were attractive judged on the basis of an index determined by the number of times more flies were attracted to the trap baited with water and extract than were attracted to traps baited with water only. Female Mediterranean fruit flies were attracted to 61 extracts and melon fly females to 31 extracts. Female oriental fruit flies were not much attracted. Many extracts were attractive to males of the three species. The extract of Coffea robusta Linden (Family Rubiaceae) was the only material attractive to both sexes of all three species.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The phenolics of fruits. VIII. Changes in flavonol concentrations during fruit development (authors transl)].

In black currants the contents of quercetin- and especially of myricetin glycosides increased during ripeness very considerably. The myricetin level in ripe fruits of cultivated blueberries and the quercetin level in ripe berries of privet was higher than in unripe. However, the concentrations of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides were in most of the fruits (e.g. red and white currants, sour cherries, plums, cultivated blueberries, elderberries) smaller than in unripe fruits. Anthocyanin formation is therefore not combined with an accumulation of flavonols (perhaps with the exception of myricetin).

Flavonoids↗
PubMed1977

[Patulin in foods of vegetable origin. 2. Several kinds of fruit and vegetables and fruit and vegetable products (author's transl)].

Patulin was found in fruit with spontaneous brown rot (bananas, pineapples, grapes, peaches, apricots) as well as in moldy compots and in sallow-thorn juice. Fruit, vegetables and fruit and vegetable product were artificially infected with Penicillium expansum, P. urticae and Byssochlamys nivea; patulin was subsequently found in peaches, apricots, greengages, bananas, strawberries, honeydew melons, tomatoes, red and green paprika, cucumbers and carrots; in several kinds of compot, in tomato juice and tomato pulp --but not in ketchup. The influence of the temperature on growth and toxin production is different in the various fungal strains; in the temperature range of 5 degrees C to 25 degrees C, however, the possibility of patulin synthesis must nearly always be expected.

Fruit↗
PubMed1976

Purification and characterization of a proteinase from pineapple fruit, fruit bromelain FA2.

Fruit bromelain FA2, the main proteinase component of the juice of pineapple fruit, has been purified and characterized. 1. Efficient extraction of this enzyme from the crude material was possible using "Cellulosin AP," a microbial polysaccharidase preparation containing cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase. The enzyme was purified mainly by successive applications of anion-exchange chromatography, yielding an apparently homogeneous protein as judged by several physical, chemical, and immunochemical criteria. Properties of FA2 include: molecular weight, 31,000; isoelectric point, pH 4.6; absorbance at 280 nm of a 1% solution at pH 7.0 per cm, 19.2. 2. FA2 gave only alanine phenylthiohydantoin upon amino-terminal group analysis by the Edman procedure. Stepwise degradation yielded the amino-terminal sequence Ala-Val-Pro-Gln-Ser-Ile-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Ala. The amino acid composition of FA2 was not markedly different from that of stem bromelain, except for a much smaller lysine content and a smaller alanine content relative to glycine in FA2. FA2 contained neither amino sugars nor neutral carbohydrates as determined by several methods, so FA2 is not a glycoprotein. 3. By labeling the reactive cysteine residue (CYS) with [14C]iodoacetate, the following partial amino acid sequence has been determined. Asn-Glx-Asn-Pro-Cys-Gly-Ala-CYS.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Analytical results of post-harvest pesticides in citrus fruits and fruits juices by GC-MS (SIM) and HPLC with fluorescent detector].

Determination of 6 kinds of post-harvest pesticides (DP, OPP, TBZ, 2,4-D, Imazalil and Benomyl) in citrus fruits and fruits juices was carried out by GC-MS (SIM) and HPLC with fluorescent detector. DP for 16 samples, OPP for 27 samples, TBZ for 12 samples, 2,4-D for 10 samples, imazalil for 20 samples and Benomyl for 4 samples were detected in total 32 samples.

Beverages↗
PubMed1978

Fruits and fruit products. Non-parametric methods for detection of adulteration of concentrated orange juice for manufacturing.

The composition of organic constituents (total sugars, reactive phenols, total amino acids, arginine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid) has been measured in a large (360 samples) selection of concentrated orange juice for manufacturing and orange pulp wash in the U.S. trade. The detection of adulteration with sugar, reducing sugars, and citric acid addition has been investigated by using non-parametric nearest neighbor classification techniques in the 4-space of log ratios of the compositions. The results show that such detection is possible with a type 1=type 2 error rate of 10% for 20% adulteration if at least 7 samples are taken. The assumptions of such samplings are discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2026

Cis-regulatory variation in the MdCKX6 promoter is associated with allele-specific expression and fruit size in apple.

Fruit size is a key determinant of apple fruit quality and market value and is strongly influenced by phytohormone-regulated cell proliferation and expansion during early fruit development. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) enzymes regulate cytokinin homeostasis by irreversibly degrading active cytokinins, but the contribution of natural variation in CKX genes to fruit size remains poorly understood. Here, we identified MdCKX6 as a candidate regulator of fruit growth in apple (Malus domestica). MdCKX6 exhibited pronounced allele-specific expression during fruit development in the cultivar 'Royal Gala'. Sequence analysis identified a promoter SNP associated with differential promoter activity and allele-specific expression. Genotyping of diverse apple cultivars and wild Malus accessions revealed a significant association between MdCKX6 promoter genotype and fruit size. Cultivars carrying low-expression alleles produced larger fruits, whereas high-expression alleles were associated with smaller fruits. To investigate gene function, MdCKX6 was overexpressed in tomato, resulting in reduced fruit size. Histological analyses of the transgenic tomato fruit revealed smaller pericarp cells. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic fruits revealed widespread changes in genes associated with cell-cycle regulation, cell wall modification, hormone-related processes, and transcriptional regulation. Together, these results identify MdCKX6 as a potential negative regulator of apple fruit growth and reveal an association between cis-regulatory variants, gene expression, and fruit size. This study provides new insights into the role of cytokinin metabolism in fruit development and highlights regulatory variation in MdCKX6 as a potential target for apple breeding.

Malus↗
PubMed2026

Phytochrome-interacting factor 1b (SlPIF1b) affects the fruit quality of tomato by regulating chloroplast development.

The increased abundance and functionality of fruit chloroplasts could promote the accumulation of nutrients and flavor in the fruit. Tomato fruit has fully developed fruit chloroplasts, whose abundance and functionality have much untapped potential in improving fruit quality by controlling fruit chloroplast development. Previous studies have identified many regulatory factors that specifically regulate fruit chloroplast development in tomatoes, but there are fewer reports on tomato phytochrome-interacting factors (SlPIFs). Arabidopsis AtPIFs have been implicated in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis. In this study, we identified and characterized an SlPIF1b mutant in tomato, named GS, which exhibited a dark green fruit shoulder with enhanced chloroplast development. RNA-seq and genotyping analysis identified a - 21 bp (A → T) mutation in the promoter of SlPIF1b, resulting in the absence of the TATA-box core transcriptional element and inhibiting SlPIF1b transcription. The overexpression of SlPIF1b in GS inhibited chloroplast development of fruits, leading to a lighter green shoulder color, decreased chlorophyll content, reduced photosynthetic activity, diminished starch accumulation, and compromised fruit quality upon ripening. Conversely, the down expression of SlPIF1b significantly enhanced fruit chloroplast development and functionality in fruits, resulting in increased chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. Further analysis of expression profile and transcriptional activity indicated that SlPIF1b could bind to G/PBE-box elements present in SlGLK2, SlTKN4, SlCAO1a, SlPOR1, SlPOR3, SlCAB1 and SlCAB1b promoters, thereby inhibiting their expression. This study revealed the specific regulatory mechanism by which SlPIF1b modulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in tomato fruit and provided valuable genetic resources and a theoretical basis for tomato quality improvement.

Solanum lycopersicum↗
PubMed2025

N-glycan remodeling by α-D-mannosidase and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase regulates fruit softening, redox balance, and post-harvest pathogen resistance.

Post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables poses significant challenges to food security and economic sustainability, primarily due to ripening-associated excessive softening that shortens shelf life and increases susceptibility to pathogens. N-glycans, N-glycoproteins, and their processing enzymes are integral to various plant processes, including fruit ripening. Among these, α-D-mannosidase (α-Man) and β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex) are key ripening-specific enzymes that modulate fruit softening. Previously, we have shown that RNAi-mediated suppression of α-Man or β-Hex improves fruit shelf life and firmness in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the underlying molecular and biochemical basis of fruit softening regulation by α-Man and β-Hex was not well understood. In this study, we developed transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants by silencing α-Man and β-Hex simultaneously using RNAi. Suppression of these enzymes reduces N-glycoprotein degradation, downregulates pectin dissolution, and inhibits ripening-related gene expression. RNAi fruits exhibited enhanced shelf life, greater firmness, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased resistance against post-harvest pathogens without affecting plant growth, fruit development, yield, or nutritional quality. To further explore the molecular mechanism of α-Man and β-Hex function, we purified and quantified N-glycans in RNAi fruits and other ripening-impaired mutants, identifying key N-glycan species. We also carried out iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome profiling to investigate the abundance of proteins in ripened fruit affected by silencing of α-Man and β-Hex. Molecular insights revealed that N-glycan processing and degradation are key events during ripening, influencing cell wall softening, fruit redox state, and post-harvest quality attributes. This study highlights the potential of co-silencing α-Man and β-Hex as a novel approach to extending the shelf life of fruits, regardless of their climacteric behavior, without compromising quality or yield.

Fruit↗