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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Vagotomy for relief of pain in some upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.

At the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, upper gastrointestinal neoplasms are usually seen very late when they have become unresectable. The resectable upper gastrointestinal neoplasms seen in this institution are less than ten percent of all the cases seen. The reasons for such delay before presentation are ignorance and fear of hospitals.Following an editorial by Merendino,(1) a study was conducted on ten patients who had inoperable upper gastrointestinal neoplasms. Even though the assessment of pain sensation has many variables, and there is a significant suggestive effect in any pain-relieving procedure, it is felt that vagotomy combined with any indicated diversion procedures definitely reduces the pain associated with terminal upper gastrointestinal neoplasms, while not affecting patient mortality.

Gastrointestinal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Patterns of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel.

Review of the incidence of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel reveals that gastric and colorectal cancers present a major problem in the country. Diet has been postulated as a possible etiologic factor on the basis of a) an indirect correlation between disease incidence and the consumption of various food constituents, b) animal experimentation, and c) case-control dietary studies. Studies conducted in Israel point to high starch consumption as a risk factor in gastric cancer and low fiber intake as a risk factor in colon cancer. Mechanisms by which fiber may exert its protective effect include shortening of intestinal transit time, bulkier stool, lowered absorption of potential carcinogens, reduction of the conversion of bile salts to potentially carcinogenic sterols, interference with the cholesterol pool and a lower ratio of anaerobic:aerobic bacteria in the intestinal flora. The potential effect of excessive starch consumption is unclear, although it may facilitate the formation of nitrosamines.

Africa↗
PubMed2026

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and gastrointestinal neoplasm risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The potential carcinogenic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial, particularly regarding site-specific gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of GI neoplasms in patients with T2DM. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science through March 17, 2025, for RCTs in T2DM comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo or active comparators. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was GI neoplasms reported in publications, supplementary materials, or trial registries, usually as adverse events rather than centrally adjudicated cancer endpoints. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in Stata 17.0. In 48 RCTs (n = 48,765), SGLT2 inhibitor therapy was not associated with overall GI neoplasm risk (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84-1.44; p = 0.46; I² = 0%). Site-specific analyses showed no statistically significant association for esophageal (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.37-3.45), gastric (1.20, 0.65-2.23), hepatic (0.62, 0.31-1.22), pancreatic (0.91, 0.51-1.64), colonic (1.28, 0.78-2.08), colorectal (0.76, 0.27-2.17), and rectal neoplasms (0.98, 0.49-1.97), with all p-values > 0.05. Subgroup analyses by agents (e.g., canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin), baseline age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, treatment duration, and dose were also non-significant (all p > 0.05). Approximately half of the trials had follow-up of one year or less, limiting our ability to evaluate long-term risk. Available RCT evidence does not show a clear increase in GI neoplasm risk with SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM. However, limited follow-up, low event counts, and non-cancer-specific outcome ascertainment, the findings should be interpreted as reassuring but not definitive evidence of long-term oncologic safety.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO No. CRD42024619019.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Artificial gastrointestinal tract in gastrointestinal neoplasms].

From 1970 to 1977 an artificial gut was used in 1350 patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer. This type of prolonged intestinal assistance was recognized to be an important adjuvant in anticancer therapy with indications prior to, during and following the traditional course of treatment. Prolonged intestinal assistance makes it possible to reestablish or maintain a biological and clinical status in patients who must undergo aggressive anticancer therapy. The indications for its use are multiplying. In 54% of the cases parenteral nutrition is associated with therapy of the curative type and this percentage is continuously increasing.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1977

[3 gastrointestinal neoplasms in the dog].

In the last five years, 3 carcinomas of the intestine were found in a total of 1961 necropsies of dogs. One proved to be a primary gastric carcinoma situated in the area of the Curvatura minor, another a primary carcinoma of the ileocaecal valve and the third one a signet-cell carcinoma in the end of the jejunum. The morphological characteristics of the carcinomas are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

[Hormone producing gastrointestinal neoplasms].

1. Due to their common origin from the neural crest the hormonogenic cells of the intestinal tract show similar cyto-chemical and ultra-structural characteristics. 2. Hyperplasiae and tumors of these cells lead to excessive hormone production with its consequences on the reacting organs. 3. Hormone producing tumors can be confined to one organ only, but as multiple endocrine adenomatosis they can afflict several organs. 4. Diagnosis of most hormone producing tumors is possible with the adequate radio-immunologic tests. Radiologic and endoscopic examinations can contribute to the localization of the tumor. 5. Surgical resection of the tumor or of the reacting organs impaired by the overproduction of hormones from the tumor is the indicated therapy. Medicamentous therapy is rarely successful. 6. The growth of most hormonogenic tumors is relatively slow. Rates of survival of up to 30 years have been known, even after formation of metastases of the tumor. Effects of hormone overproduction on other organs can reduce the prognosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Genetics and cancer of the gastrointestinal system. Annual oration in honor of Herbert M. Stauffer, M.D., 1914-1970.

Familial aggregations of tumors may occur in virtually all organ systems. The gastrointestinal tract is a frequent site for the development of cancers having an hereditary basis. Their recognition has important relevance to cancer control and prevention. In addition, detailed clinical and laboratory studies of inherited tumors may throw light upon the cause of the more common forms of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Radiologists must have a working knowledge of the genetic and diagnostic elements of each in order to fulfill their responsibilities to the patient, the patient's family and the referring physician.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current status of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-S assays in the evaluation of neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is heterogeneous and may represent a set of closely related glycoproteins which have been referred to as isomeric species of CEA. The existence of other CEA-related glycoproteins such as non-specific cross reacting antigen (NCA) has been recognized. Recently a highly purified homogeneous isomeric species of CEA described as CEA-S has shown differences in diagnostic results upon analysis of clinical sera as well as quantitative immunochemical differences. In a blind study of 308 sera, the CEA and CEA-S assays were compared. A significant difference in false positive results was observed between the CEA and CEA-S assay results. In contrast to the low but significant evidence of elevated CEA in sera of random normal persons and patients with liver disease or inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract or lung, none of the sera had elevated concentrations of CEA-S. Among patients with tumor of the gastrointestinal tract that were considered surgically resectable, 46 percent were elevated using the CEA-S assay and only 34.7 percent were elevated above 5 nanograms per ml by the CEA assay. The CEA assays detect CEA-related molecules produced by lung, breast and other tumors; the CEA-S assay appears equally sensitive to CEA of gastrointestinal origin but detects only a small subgroup of breast, lung and, rarely, other types of tumors.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1975

Tumour immunology and the gut.

This review set out to answer several questions related to tumour immunology and the gut. It is evident that in patients with gastrointestinal cancer there is a general depression of the immune response and this seems to be correlated with the stage of the disease. Paradoxically a specific immune response against definable tumour antigens can be demonstrated, both cellular and humoral mechanisms being involved although the complexities of this paradox require further analysis. Immunotherapy has been employed in gastrointestinal tumours in a sporadic way. The results suggest that gastrointestinal neoplasms may respond at least as well as other tumours. A firm conclusion awaits the results of controlled trials in which the bulk of the tumour has been effectively dealt with by other means or where combined immunochemotherapy is being used.

Animals↗