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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Human tumors studied with genetic markers.

Genetic marker systems have been employed to investigate the origin and development of many human tumors. The type of information already gained with such systems includes the probable single cell origin of chronic myelocytic leukemia in a marrow stem cell. The G-6-PD system has also confirmed the hypothesis that at least some hereditary and viral tumors have multiple cell origin. However, Burkitt lymphoma, the malignancy in man for which there is a great amount of circumstantial evidence for a viral cancer, has a clonal origin. Of particular interest is the demonstration that early relapses after remissions of Burkitt lymphoma represent reemergence of the original malignant cell lines, whereas some late recurrences may be the result of newly induced malignant clones. Similarly, some recurrences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients treated with marrow transplantation may be new occurrences of disease. These observations have important implications for the etiology and pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes mellitus: the search for genetic markers.

The search for genetic markers has established that idiopathic diabetes mellitus is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that have glucose intolerance in common. The types of genetic markers--subclinical linkage, and association--and how they are utilized to delineate the genetic basis of the diabetic syndrome are discussed. The use of such markers as insulin levels, pancreatic islet cell antibodies, and HLA antigens has permitted the separation of insulin-dependent (juvenile) and not insulin-dependent (maturity) diabetes. Such studies have also started to reveal heterogeneity within these broad groups of insulin-dependent and not insulin-dependent types. This extensive heterogeneity has major implications for understanding the pathogenesis and genetics of diabetic mellitus and is of potentially great clinical significance, since the natural history and complications may well differ between these different disorders.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1979

Human saliva as a source of biochemical genetic markers. I. Techniques.

The number of genetic markers identified in human saliva is still small compared to known genetic markers of blood. Enzyme activities that can be detected in human saliva by spectrophotometric techniques are listed. The methodologies currently available for the detection of biochemical genetic markers by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis are summarized.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1979

[Geographical pathology and genetic markers: detection of associations (author's transl)].

The study of potential associations between genetic markers and various diseases is an important approach in epidemiology. With such studies it is possible to reveal an hereditary component for multifactorial diseases. There are three kinds of analyses: --comparisons of the frequency of the marker in patients and in a control group; --investigations of genetic markers in families with high incidence of disease; --studies of geographical clines between the incidence of the disease and the marker frequency. The interpretation of such geographical associations is difficult. These associations can be the reflect of the migration of susceptibility genes with genetic markers. The HLA system is the better for this kind of approach.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Genetic markers and cancer epidemiology.

The study of potential associations between genetic markers and various cancers has a long history in cancer epidemiology. Such investigations are subject to serious problems of statistical significance and the choice of appropriate control populations. A promising future for the use of human population genetics in cancer epidemiology may be in the investigation of genetic markers (such as the HL-A complex) which code for proteins of potential immunological or physiological importance in susceptibility or resistance to cancer. The cerumen gentic marker has played a central part in a hypothesis formulated in our laboratory for the etiology of breast cancer. A second new development in this field is likely to be the investigation of genetic markers in families with high incidence of cancer. Such families permit the simultaneous study of genetic hypotheses of cancer inheritance and the association of marker genotypes with cancer through segregation and linkage analysis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

[Modifications of genetic markers during malignant blood disease].

Genetic marker changes in malignancy are related to an acquired disfunction of the genetic material in stem cells. This disfunction always leads to the lack of antigen; whenever we evidenced a new specificity it was an unconverted substrate. In malignant states modifications are multiple, polyclonal and independent. This least feature explains the extent of the process giving that disfunction. The evidence of a genetic defect is supported by the simultaneous decrease of the primary gene product: the glycosyl-transferase (ABO locus). In some other malignant carcinoma, blood group specificities were observed, their meaning is not well explained. Blood group specificities associated to carcino embryogenic antigen (CEA) or to some mucins could be related to the structure of macromolecular carriers.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Optimization procedures in twin zygosity diagnosis by genetic markers. A cost-effectiveness analysis.

More and more genetic markers usable for twin zygosity determination have become available. A relatively small number of markers is sufficient to achieve a satisfactory probability of correctly classifying a twin pair. Previously only the genetic properties of markers have been considered when choosing the markers to be determined. A cost-effectiveness analysis, which considers both genetic properties and relative determination costs of markers, is presented and illustrated with data from the Finnish Twin Registry studies.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Genetic markers in Herdwick sheep: no correlation with succeptibility or resistance to experimental scrapie.

Genetic markers were studied in Herdwick sheep, bred at Compton, with special reference to genetically selected lines which differ in susceptibility or resistance to experimentally produced scrapie. There were no correlations between susceptibility to the disease and albumin, pre-albumin, esterase and haemoglobin phenotypes, and between reduced glutathione levels and alpha-mannosidase isoenzymes, the latter possibly representing a previously undescribed genetic marker in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Genetic markers in depressive disorders.

1. Association or linkage between a known genetic marker and an illness with a presumed genetic etiology supports two conclusions: a) The genetic etiology would be considered definite, and b) the illness should be considered a homogeneous disease. 2. After separating depressions on the basis of gross familial differences, a finding of linkage or association in any subgroup would indicate that the particular illness is autonomous. Data on association between bipolar and unipolar depression and subtypes of the ABO system are given. 3. Methodological problems in association studies are discussed. 4. Preliminary data suggest the possibility of linkage between the alpha-haptoglobin locus and third component of complement locus and depression spectrum disease, a depression which is familially defined by the presence of alcoholism in the first-degree family member.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Selective enrichment for genetic markers in DNA released by competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid is released into the growth medium by Bacillus subtilis at the time of competence. This DNA is enriched for the genetic markers which have previously been demonstrated to be elevated in membrane-DNA preparations and more recently in cell wall-DNA complexes. Furthermore, the purA16/leu-8 relative marker enrichment varies with time, reaching its highest point at the time of maximal competence. Enrichment remains elevated for at least 60 min further in the competence regimen. Thr results suggest that certain genetic markers of the B. subtilis chromosome are preferentially more available to the external medium as the development of competence proceeds.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1979

Probabilities of concordance of twins with respect to genetic markers. A general formulation.

The formulas needed in the determination of monozygosity in twin pairs using genetic markers are derived and presented. A general formula for the calculation of concordance probabilities independent of gene frequencies and allele number is derived, enabling either manual computation or computer programming for any Mendelian markers usable in twin zygosity diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1975

A genetic marker in the variable region of rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chain.

A previous study [Mole et al. (1971) Biochem. J. 124, 301-318] showed several differences in sequence between the variable (V) regions of rabbit immunoglobulin Aa1 and Aa3 heavy chains. The inheritance of one such difference has been followed in a family of 38 rabbits by a radioautographic peptide-'map' technique and is shown to segregate in a Mendelian fashion. This clearly demonstrates the presence of a genetic marker in the rabbit heavy-chain V region, although the finding that Aa2 and Aa3 heavy chains have identity of sequence in the region studied obscures the relationship of this genetic marker to the a locus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A. Genetic markers of clones obtained from 4 strains isolated in Argentina between 1961 and 1970].

The results obtained studying the genetic markers g, t and rtc of different clones of subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A are presented in this paper. The subtypes were isolated during outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Argentine. No significative differences among the subtypes were observed with the t marker. For the other markers, the results seem to indicate a gradual change related with the serological variation. Because of their sensibility to guanidine hidrochloride, it is possible to conclude that the studied clones do not belong to the so called European strains.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1979

Fine structure of the 21S ribosomal RNA region on yeast mitochondrial DNA. III. Physical location of mitochondrial genetic markers and the molecular nature of omega.

1. We have determined the physical location of mitochondrial genetic markers in the 21S region of yeast mtDNA by genetic analysis of petite mutants whose mtDNA has been physically mapped on the wild-type mtDNA. 2. The order of loci, determined in this study, is in agreement with the order deduced from recombination analysis and coretention analysis except for the position of omega+: we conclude that omega+ is located between C321 (RIB-1) and E514 (RIB-3). 3. The marker E514 (RIB-3) has been localized on a DNA segment of 3800 bp, and the markers E354, E553 and cs23 (RIB-2) on a DNA segment of 1100 base pairs; both these segments overlap the 21S rRNA cistron. The marker C321 (RIB-1) has been localized within a segment of 240 bp which also overlaps the 21S rRNA cistron, and we infer on the basis of indirect evidence that this marker lies within this cistron. 4. In all our rho+ as well as rho- strains there is a one-to-one correlation between the omega+ phenotype, the ability to transmit the omega+ allele and the presence of a mtDNA segment of about 1000 bp long, located between sequences specifying RIB-3 and sequences corresponding to the loci RIB-1 and RIB-2. This segment may be inserted at this same position into omega- mtDNA by recombination. 5. The role which the different allelic forms of omega may play in the polarity of recombination is discussed.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗