PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “group structure”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Structured group interaction: An intervention strategy for the continued development of elderly populations.

Structured group interaction, through an emphasis on pre-group structuring, didactic presentations, experiential learning, and evaluation, provides a flexible approach to achieving a variety of goals while compensating for many of the problem characteristics of an aged institutionalized population. Structured groups are characterized by adherence to a rigorous intervention planning methodology, with a high degree of pre-planned group structure, explicit behaviorally stated performance goals, and a concern for transferring group behavior to everyday settings. After a consideration of literature support and some of the limitations and hazards involved in the approach, it is concluded that structured groups represent a useful tool for the applied gerontologist.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Identification of drugs and other toxic compounds from their ultraviolet spectra. Part III: Ultraviolet absorption properties of 22 structural groups.

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of 22 different chemical (structural) groups of drugs and toxic compounds were studied. This paper completes a three-part series in which more than 500 individual compounds have been grouped according to structure as it pertains to characteristics of the ultraviolet absorption scan. Each group has a typical absorption profile with respect to the number of bands between 200 and 340 nm, the intensity of the band(s), and the changes in absorption pattern with solvent and pH changes. Phenothiazines, xanthines, coumarins, quinolines, naphthalene derivatives. O-alkyl benzene derivatives, opiates, ergot alkaloids, benzodiazepines, and various heterocyclic compounds are among the groups of compounds covered in this paper.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed2025

Meta-analysis models with group structure for pleiotropy detection at gene and variant level using summary statistics from multiple datasets.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have highlighted the importance of pleiotropy in human diseases, where one gene can impact 2 or more unrelated traits. Examining shared genetic risk factors across multiple diseases can enhance our understanding of these conditions by pinpointing new genes and biological pathways involved. Furthermore, with an increasing wealth of GWAS summary statistics available to the scientific community, leveraging these findings across multiple phenotypes could unveil novel pleiotropic associations. Existing selection methods examine pleiotropic associations one by one at a scale of either the genetic variant or the gene, and thus cannot consider all the genetic information at the same time. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach called MPSG (Meta-analysis model adapted for Pleiotropy Selection with Group structure). This method performs a penalized multivariate meta-analysis method adapted for pleiotropy and takes into account the group structure information nested in the data to select relevant variants and genes (or pathways) from all the genetic information. To do so, we implemented an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. We compared the performance of the method with other benchmark meta-analysis approaches such as GCPBayes, PLACO, and ASSET by considering as inputs different kinds of summary statistics. We provide an application of our method to the identification of potential pleiotropic genes between breast and thyroid cancers.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholinomimetic activity of acetylcholine and sebacinyldicholine derivatives with differing cationic group structures].

The intrinsic alpha activities and the D2 (frog, m, rectus abdominalis) concentrations were estimated for different acetylcholine and sebacinylcholine derivatives. So were also the A2 values for antagonists and the affinity constants Kc for some partial agonists. The results obtained disprove Paton's "rate-theory". The relationship between the cholinergic activity and the volume of cationic groups was studied and it could not possibly be explained by the steric hindrance alone. It is suggested that certain hydrophobic radicals of the cationic groups contact the receptor surface outside the anionic centre. Such contacts prevent the cholinoreceptor to change its conformation and thus inhibit the depolarization of the membrane. An approximate estimation of the anionic site dimensions is given.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

[New pathways in the treatment of psychologically drug dependent adolescents].

Based on a one-and-half year experience in a small group setting with drug dependent adolescents the change of group structure, the functioning of the group for its members, the leader's position within the group and the therapeutic relationship are analysed. In its beginning the group develops what can be called a "symbiotic group structure". Its transformation into that of a "working group" is the main task of therapy. The underlying processes can be compared with those of the beginning individuation in early childhood. Ego development begins, as M. Mahler and other modern investigators have shown, with the perception of one's own body and its representation in early ego formation. Using self awareness techniques, as we have done, is in this context a theoretical as well as practical well founded approach to the problems of psychic dependence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychosomatic illness as a result of a deficit in ego-structure under consideration of the genetic. Dynamic, structural, and group dynamic point of view.

Psychosomatic illness is an illness of ego-structure as a result of a narcissistic deficit reassembling the phenomenology of anaclitic depression in regard to the mother and the primary group. Psychosomatic illness has to be understood on a scale of ego-illnesses related to identity defects. The psychosomatic symptom restitutes the integration of the personality and constitutes the identity of a psychosomatic patient. The role of group dynamics is particularly stressed in relation to psychogenetics, psychodynamics, and the change of symptoms.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

The Post-Mastectomy Rehabilitation Group program. Structure, procedure, and population demography.

Memorial Hospital, New York City, clinical section of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, has developed a Post-Mastectomy Rehabilitation Group (PMRG) which provides a comprehensive structure program to enable the mastectomy patient to regain functional use of her arm and shoulder on the affected side, and to adapt functionally, psychologically, and emotionally to the loss of her breast and the diagnosis of cancer in the shortest time possible. This first segment of an evaluation of the program outlines the PMRG structure and operating procedures and presents basic demographic data (age, type of mastectomy, preoperative activity status) for 863 of the 1,400 mastectomy patients who attended the program since inception in 1970. Additional reports will focus on the physical and psychologic aspects of recovery and readjustment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Human tryptophan transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. Composition, function of thiol groups, and structure of thiol peptides.

Human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase resembles its counterpart in Escherichia coli in quaternary structure (alpha2), but differs in molecular weight, amino acid composition, the number of thiol groups, and the relationship of the thiol groups to enzyme activity. Nevertheless, one of the thiol groups resides in a heptapeptide sequence homologous to a heptapeptide sequence containing a thiol group in the E. coli enzyme. Each subunit of the enzyme has 6 half-cystine residues, and four thiol groups are readily titrated with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Titration of these four thiol groups inactivates the enzyme, and the inactivation is partially reversible by reduction with dithiothreitol. One thiol group reacts rapidly unless L-tryptophan, ATP, and Mg2+ are present together.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Tryptophanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli. Character of required thiol group and structure of thiol peptides.

Native tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase purified from Escherichia coli B has on each identical subunit a single thiol group which rapidly forms a mixed disulfide with a thionitrobenzoate moiety of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The reaction and the concomitant inactivation of the enzyme are both reversible by reductive removal of the thionitrobenzoate with dithiothreitol. Iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide also react with the thiol group required for enzyme activity, but iodoacetic acid inactivates the enzyme through another mechanism. Three or 4 half-cystine residues/subunit were detected by amino acid analysis and by titration of the denatured enzyme with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); no disulfide bonds were detected by borohydride reduction. Cleavage of the subunit (molecular weight 37,000) with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid gave fragments of molecular weights 32,000, 27,000, and 9,500. Five carboxymethylated peptides were isolated from the trypsin products of the denatured enzyme after treatment with iodo[14C]lacetate. Three of these peptides represented unique sequences surrounding thiol groups in the enzyme. One cysteine-containing nonapeptide has a heptapeptide sequence homologous to a heptapeptide sequence in a cysteine containing decapeptide from the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase of human placenta. The nonapeptide appears to bear the thiol group required for enzyme activity.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Freezing of actin. Reversible oxidation of a sulfhydryl group and structural change.

It was found that the essential change in actin (whether G- or F-actin) on freeze-thawing was the specific oxidation of one of five sulfhydryl (SH) groups, i.e. the SH group of Cys 373 in the amino acid sequence. Oxidized SH groups formed an inter-molecular disulfide (SS) bond to yield an actin dimer. F-actin, subjected to freeze-thawing (or F-actin obtained by the transformation of once frozen G-actin which is essentially a dimer), has anomalous physico-chemical properties and a different conformation from normal F-actin, as determined by optical and electron microscopic observations, as well as high steady ATP-splitting activity in the presence of Mg2+. However, it was found that those peculiarities disappeared and normal actin was reformed on reducing the oxidized SH group with dithiothreitol (DTT). It was also found that the normal characteristics of actin were preserved for more than four months on freezing in the presence of a sufficient amount of DTT.

Actins↗
PubMed1977

Group models, group dynamics, sociological and psychological aspects of group formation and evaluation.

Several group models are defined: a mechanistic model, a model of conflicts, a cybernetic model, a field-theoretical model, an organismic model, an interactionistic model. In all these models the group is a dynamic entity which is based on a mutual dependence of the members. From this sociological-horizontal-interactional point of view the group is therefore an entity. From a psychological-vertical aspect the group is rather a common situation in which the individual members remain in their experience separated from each other. To understand the group therapeutic dynamics it is necessary to keep in mind these two levels. From the sociological aspect, e.g. the frequency and kinds of interactions, the relationship of the inside-distances between the members to the distances of the members to the outside is decisive for group cohesion. The more the total interaction in a group augments, the more the emotionally loaded interactions increase. The significance of group cohesion in the therapeutic process is documented also by means of standardized rating scales. The normative effect of the group, the different roles in it, the group structure have to be considered if the group is to be used as a therapeutic mean. From the psychological point of view five phases of group development can be differentiated: 1) explorative contact, 2) regression, 3) catharsis, 4) insight, 5) social learning. By a factor analysis Lieberman et al. have found out that independent of the method used, the following types of group leaders were successful: the "provider", the "social engineer", the "energizer".

Group Processes↗
PubMed1979

[Restoring the continuity of severed peripheral nerves. Indications and surgical technics].

The detailed literature is critically examined, especially with regard to the questions of the time of the operation, technique of the intervention, use of transplantation, suture under tension, etc. The author recommends the following operating tactics: (I) Smoothly separated nerves without any defects or larger side-injuries are subject to primary care. Mono- to oligofascicular nerves are loosely coapted by epineural sutures; the protruding contents are not excised. For polyfascicular nerves one uses endofascicular guiding sutures and coaptation by epineural sutures. In case of a clear group structure, interfascicular coaption is used. (2) Early secondary care according to plan gets to the stumps from the healthy material and uses interfascicular transplantation for every tension occurring. In case of polyfascicular nerves without group structure, the corresponding sectors are connected with each other. (3) The late secondary care follows the rules for the early secondary care. (4) Re-operations are carried out if regeneration does not set in, testing is mainly carried out by means of the Hoffmann-Tinel sign. Sometimes intraneural neurolysis will be sufficient in these cases; more often than not, parts of the whole cross-section must be resected or bridged again by transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Binding of aggregated human beta2-microglobulin to surface protein structure in group A, C, and G streptococci.

A novel mammalian-microbial "short circuit" has been demonstrated between aggregated human beta2-microglobulin and group A, C, and G streptococci. Bacteria belonging to nine gram-positive and three gram-negative species were tested for binding of radiolabeled beta2-microglobulin. All 10 individual strains of group A streptococci showed a high degree of reactivity with aggregated human beta2-microglobulin. Among 27 group C and 28 group G streptococci, 9 and 6 strains, respectively, were highly reactive, whereas the remaining strains showed a lower, but definite level of beta2-microglobulin binding. Of 11 group B streptococci, 4 were slightly positive. All strains among the other eight species were completely negative. Simultaneous testing of A, C, and G streptococci for immunoglobulin binding showed a lack of correlation between type II and III Fc reactivity and beta2-microglobulin binding. There was no inhibition of uptake of aggregated beta2-microglobulin to reactive strains when excess amounts of human immunoglobulin were added. The beta2-microglobulin-binding surface structure was found to be markedly sensitive to trypsin digestion. The relative trypsin resistance of the immunoglobulin-binding protein in the digestion experiments further demonstrated the dissociation between these two reactivities.

Bacterial Proteins↗