Estimation of parameters in a multi-affinity-state model for haemoglobin from oxygen binding data in whole blood and in concentrated haemoglobin solutions.
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Results for “haemoglobin concentration”
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Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in newly diagnosed diabetics before and during treatment.
Concentrations of total glycosylated haemoglobins (Hb A1) were measured in 40 diabetics at diagnosis and at monthly intervals after treatment with chlorpropamide, insulin, or diet alone was begun. The mean Hb A1 concentration at presentation in 16 patients treated with chlorpropamide was significantly higher than that in 12 patients treated with insulin, and the duration of glycaemic symptoms was much longer in the chlorpropamide-treated group. In contrast, the mean plasma glucose concentration was similar in both groups. The mean concentrations of Hb A1 and plasma glucose at diagnosis in the 12 patients treated by diet alone were lower than those in the other two groups, and most of these patients were free of symptoms. Treatment quickly relieved symptoms and lowered plasma glucose in all patients. The Hb A1 concentration fell significantly with treatment such that after two months there was no significant difference between the three groups, although results remained above the normal range. These findings support the theory that the Hb A1 concentration reflects the blood glucose control over the previous one to two months and suggest that the duration of hyperglycaemia may be important in determining the Hb A1 concentration as well as the absolute blood glucose concentration.
Adult↗
Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations and clinitest results in insulin-dependent diabetes.
In 11 insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients, haemoglobin AIc (HbAIc) was measured by an electrofocusing method. Diabetic control was evaluated by the semiquantitative urine test for sugar, 'Clinitest', three times a day every day in the 8 weeks before the HbAIc determination. 24-hour glycosuria and fasting and postprandial blood-glucose levels were measured one to five times during this period. The HbAIc concentration correlated highly with the semi-quantitative urinary-sugar-concentration index but not with the other parameters.
Blood Glucose↗
Temporal relationship of glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations to glucose control in diabetics.
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Adult↗
Haemoglobin concentration and peripheral blood cell counts in women. The population study of women in Göteborg 1968-1969.
Hb concentration, PCV, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts in the peripheral blood, MCV, MCH and MCHC in a population sample of 1462 women in ages between 38 and 60 years are presented. In addition, a description is given of thrombocyte counts in 38-year-old women. Significant differences with age were found for Hb concentration and PCV and for leucocyte counts. High correlations were found between Hb and PCV in the various age groups studied, while lower correlations were found between erythrocyte counts on one hand and Hb or PCV on the other. There was an overrepresentation of smokers among women with high Hb values and among those with high leucocyte counts. The higher leucocyte counts in the youngest age groups could be explained by the larger number of smokers in these ages. Thrombocyte counts were lower in smoking than in non-smoking women.
Adult↗
Effect of oral D-penicillamine treatment on experimental arthritis and associated immune responses in rabbits. III: Reduction of the monoarticular arthritis.
Treatment of rabbits with D-penicillamine at doses up to 30 mg/kg, beginning either before or after the onset of antigen-induced experimental arthritis, diminished the severity of the inflammatory synovitis in a considerable proportion of animals as judged by both external joint measurements and terminal histopathological assessment. D-penicillamine treatment had no effect on serum haptoglobin concentration, haemoglobin concentration, or platelet count. The venous blood white cell count was raised when D-penicillamine treatment was started before immunisation but not when treatment began after the onset of arthritis. A transient loss of appetite was observed in animals starting D-penicillamine treatment.
Animals↗
Some aspects of haematology of an Indian grass snake Natrix stolata in relation to sex and size.
Studies have been made on the erythrocyte counts per mm3 of blood, total differential leucocyte counts per mm3 of blood, concentration of haemoglobin per 100 ml of blood, haematocrit values and nucleocytoplasmic ratio in a common Indian grass snake, Natrix stolata, in relation to body weight of both the sexes in the same month of the year (during breeding phase). Logarithmic transformations have been used in case of erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin concentrations. From log/log calculation it seems that the correlation between body weight and erythrocyte is more prounounced in females than in males. The concentration of haemoglobin shows a very high degree of correlation in both the sexes. The haematocrit values show a clear trend of increase with increasing body weight in both the sexes. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio does not show much variation in different weight groups whereas in females the variation is well marked in different weight groups and the size of erythrocyte also becomes larger in higher weight groups. In both the sexes the leucocyte counts have been found that along with the increase in body weights, the number of leucocyte increases in juveniles but in adults the leucocyte number decreases with the increasing body weights.
Animals↗
Effects of therapy on plasma-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in diabetes mellitus.
In 122 diabetic patients there was a signnificant inverse correlation between plasma-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.)-Cholesterol concentrations and glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. In an insulin-treated subgroup improvement in diabetic control, confirmed by a decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, was accompanied by a significant rise in plasma-H.D.L.-cholesterol concentration. This result suggests that improved diabetic control may diminish the risk of premature ischaemic heart-disease. When three groups of patients on different treatments were matched for age, sex, weight, and diabetic control, diabetic patients receiving sulphonylureas had significantly lower plasma-H.D.L.-cholesterol concentrations than those receiving insulin or on diet alone, or non-diabetic controls. This association suggests that sulphonyl-urea administration may constitute a positive risk factor for ischaemic heart-disease in diabetic patients.
Adolescent↗
Studies on blood components of an air-breathing siluroid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in relation to body weight.
Different haematological parameters have been studied in relation to the body weight of Heteropneustes fossil (Bloch). The erythrocytes and leucocytes number and haemoglobin concentration increases from lower to higher weight groups. The heart weight also increases along with other blood components. With the unit increase in the body weight of this fish, the heart weight, erythrocytes, leucocytes and haemoglobin increase by a fractional power of 0.85700, 0.13480, 0.13215 and 0.22876, respectively. This shows that haemoglobin increases at a higher rate than erythrocyte number. The coefficient of correlation between body weight and erythrocyte (r = 0.70015), leucocytes (r = 0.95861), haemoglobin (r = 0.96615) and heart weight (0.97577) indicate high degree of correlation. The erythrocytes and leucocytes count and haemoglobin concentration per gram body weight is higher in younger fishes and decrease as the animal grows in size. The haematocrit values and mean corpucsular volumes decrease from lower to higher weight groups, whereas mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increases with body weight. The erythrocyte cell surface has a decreasing trend from lower to higher weight group. Due to difference in the rate of decrease of greatest and least diameter of erythrocytes, the elliptical shape of R.B.C. which is common in younger animals, becomes circular in higher weight group. The non-granulocytes increase constantly while the percentage of granulocytes decreases from lower to higher weight groups. The lymphocytes constitute the main bulk of all the leucocytes. The total lymphocytes also increase with the body weight. Spindle cells and monocytes are relatively less in numbers. The percentage of eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils also decrease from lower to higher weight groups.
Animals↗
Aortic valve replacement. A randomized study comparing Björk-Shiley and Lillehei-Kaster disc valves. Haematological evaluation.
In this study, 79 randomized patients with either Björk-Shiley (B-S) or Lillehei-Kaster (L-K) aortic disc valves were re-admitted two years after operation for clinical, haemodynamic and haematological evaluation. This paper deals in particular with the haematological results. Cine-aortography was carried out in 76 patients and left ventricular catheterization via the transseptal approach was performed in 43 patients. Haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, platlet count, reticulocyte count, plasma haemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin, serum iron, serum haptoglobin and serum lactate dehydrogenase were studied in the patients. Postoperatively all patients had normal haemoglobin and erythrocyte count. Haptoglobin was absent or reduced in 43% of patients with B-S valves and in 65% of those with L-K valves. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was abnormally elevated in 26% of patients in the B-S group and in 65% of those in the L-K group. Mean LDH was significantly higher in the L-K group compared with the B-S group (p less than 0.01). A highly significant linear correlation could be demonstrated between mean systolic pressure difference across the valve (delta pm) and LDH (p less than 0.001). This finding helps to explain why the L-K valves provoke more erythrocyte destruction than the B-S valves, since delta pm proved to be significantly higher in the L-K group. LDH was not significantly increased in 6 patients in whom a paravalvular leakage was demonstrated.
Adult↗
Effect of high fluoride intake on haematological aspects of the mouse.
The effect of feeding adult Swiss albino mice of both sexes a diet supplemented with 0, 125, 250 and 500 parts/10(6) of fluoride for four and eight week periods on haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was investigated. Values of the three parameters were significantly lowered at both periods in the treated groups as compared with the controls. The extent of reduction in these values was, in general, dependent on the dose of supplemented dietary fluoride. Clinical symptoms were not observed before the end of the sixth week. However, appearance of the symptoms did not change the trend of variations in Hb, PCV and MCHC values. The reduced values could be the result of lowered haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis. It was suggested that these haematological indices could serve to detect preclinical effects of high fluoride intake with an added dose of as low as 125 parts/10(6), or even less, for a period of four weeks or probably earlier.
Animals↗
A fiberoptic reflection densitometer with cardiac output calculator.
A catheter-tip densitometer for indocyanine green is described consisting of a cardiac catheter containing optical fibers, an incandescent light source, a light detection unit and a processing unit. Half of the optical fibers guide the light to the blood at the tip of the catheter, the other half the back-scattered (reflected) light to the detection unit. In the detection unit the light is measured by two silicium barrier layer photocells after it has been split into two beams by a beam splitter. In the measuring channel the light passes an 800 nm filter before reaching the photocell. When fiberoptic catheters with glass fibers are employed, the other channel, used for compensation of non-specific effects such as blood flow variations, contains no filter, thus measuring light in a broad spectral band. It is shown that in this way compensation of flow effects may be about two times better than when a 920 nm filter is used. When using plastic optical fibers a 950 nm filter must be used, because above lambda = 850 nm plastic fibers transmit only a band around that wavelength (950 nm). At zero dye concentration the densitometer output or ratio of compensating and measuring photocell output R/R800 is almost insensitive to changes in haemoglobin concentration. When the blood contains dye, however, the influence of haemoglobin concentration is considerable. The densitometer output R/R800 is linearly related to dye concentration up to 50 mg . 1-1, the output R920/R800 up to 30 mg . 1(-1). The output R/R800 decreases with decreasing oxygen saturation; the slope of the calibration line, however, appears to be unaffected. The processing unit also contains an analog cardiac output calculator consisting of an integrator and a divider. Central dye dilution curves recorded from the pulmonary artery after injection of dye into the right atrium or a caval vein come down to the baseline. At this moment the reading of a digital voltmeter displaying the divider output calibrated in 1 . min-1 can be held and the reading taken.
Animals↗
[Influence of blood hemoglobin concentration on pulmonary diffusing capacity in man].
CO transfer factor for lungs (TLCO) was measured by a steady state method in 83 subjects (haemoglobin concentration from 60 to 270 g.l-1). TLCO was related with height (T), age (A) and with logarithm of haemoglobin concentration for a non negligeable part : TLCO = 15.45 log Hb + 33.1 T -- 0.06 A -- 51.8. The interest of this relation is discussed.
Adult↗
Metabolic, respiratory and haematological adjustments of the little pocket mouse to circadian torpor cycles.
Metabolic, respiratory and haematological parameters were investigated for the Little Pocket mouse during circadian torpor cycles. The rate of O2 consumption decreased from 7.04 to 0.05 ml O2.g-1.hr-1, with a corresponding decrease in respiratory minute volume from 49.4 to 0.9 ml.min-1 during torpor at an ambient temperature of 10 C. No changes in haemoglobin concentration (19.7 g/100 ml), haematocrit (54%), red blood corpuscle count (12.4 10(6)/microliter), mean corpuscular volume (43.6 micrometer3), mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (16.2 pg), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (37.4%) and [2,3-DPG] (9.6 mumol/g Hb) were observed during torpor cycles. The half saturation tension of P. longimembris haemoglobin was 41 mm Hg (37 C, pH = 7.28) and 19.7 mm Hg (10 degrees C, pH = 7.51). The effect of temperature on P50 was deltalog P50/ C = +0.0106 (pH = 7.4). Venous blood parameters were: euthermic mice (37 C); PCO2 = 36.8 mm Hg, PO2 = 49.5 mm Hg, pH = 7.28, [HCO-3] = 17.3 mmol/l; torpid mice (10 C); PCO2 = 14.6, PO2 = 35.7 pH = 7.51, [HCO-3] = 18.8. These data indicate a new, relatively acidotic acid-base status during torpor, characterised by a higher H+/ OH- ratio. The respiratory sensitivity to inspired CO2 of pocket mice was, despite their being semi-fossorial, typical of other mammals. High concentrations of CO2 did not induce, or facilitate, entry into torpor.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Haemoglobin Rahere (beta Lys-Thr): A new high affinity haemoglobin associated with decreased 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate binding and relative polycythaemia.
A new haemoglobin with increased oxygen affinity, beta82 (EF6) lysine leads to threonine (Hb Rahere), was found during the investigation of a patient who was found to have a raised haemoglobin concentration after a routine blood count. The substitution affects one of the 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate binding sites, resulting in an increased affinity for oxygen, but both the haem-haem interaction and the alkaline Bohr effect are normal in the haemolysate. This variant had the same mobility as haemoglobin A on electrophoresis at alkaline pH but was detected by measuring the whole blood oxygen affinity; it could be separated from haemoglobin A, however, by electrophoresis in agar at acid pH. The raised haemoglobin concentration was mainly due to a reduction in plasma volume (a relative polycythaemia) and was associated with a persistently raised white blood count. This case emphasises the need to measure the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin in all patients with absolute or relative polycythaemia when some obvious cause is not evident.
Adult↗
Some aspects of haematology of a common Indian field rat, Rattus rattus arborious (Linn.) in relation to sex and size.
In the present investigation the studies on erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values, blood biochemistry of protein, glucose and cholesterol, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pH value, diameter of erythrocyte and clotting time were made in different sex and size (weight group) of an Indian field rat, Rattus rattus arborious. The number of erythrocyte, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values were found to be higher in females than the males, while the number of leucocyte was lower in females in comparison to males. In the biochemical estimation the value of protein in females was high while that of the glucose and cholesterol were lower than that of the males. All the above values showed an increasing tendency with the increase in body weight. pH value, diameter of erythrocyte and clotting time were found to be almost constant in rats of different weight groups and different sex.
Animals↗
Oxygen transport during dopamine infusion in dogs.
Catecholamines increase not only oxygen delivery to tissues but also oxygen consumption (VO2). The effect of an infusion of dopamine hydrochloride has been studied at two doses, each in six dogs. Dopamine 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1 caused an increase in haemoglobin concentration and altered cardiac output, oxygen availability and total body oxygen consumption such that oxygen availability ratio increased and (CaO2-CVO2) decreased although these changes were not statistically significant. Dopamine 30 micrograms kg-1 min-1 increased (P less than 0.05) heart rate, haemoglobin concentration and CaO2 and significantly reduced stroke volume and VD/VT. Although oxygen availability increased, increases in oxygen consumption were greater and this resulted in a statistically insignificant reduction in oxygen availability ratio and an increase in (CaO2-CVO2). Terminating the dopamine infusion resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cardiac output, PVO2, CaO2), oxygen availability and oxygen consumption and an increase in (CaO2-CVO2). It was concluded that maximum oxygen delivery occurs at a lower dose than that required to produce the maximum increase in oxygen consumption.
Animals↗
Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women.
The effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on factors governing the availability of oxygen from the blood--that is, carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), haemoglobin-oxygen (HbO2) affinity, and haemoglobin concentration--were measured in women in the last trimester of pregnancy. Three groups were studied: smokers, smokers who stopped smoking for 48 hours, and non-smokers. The 22 smokers had higher initial COHb values and greater HbO2 affinity than the 10 non-smokers, but their total haemoglobin concentrations were also higher, so that their oxygen availability was not significantly reduced. In the 11 smokers who stopped the reduction in COHb and decrease in HbO2 affinity led to a significant increase of 8% in "available oxygen" in 48 hours. Since even small improvements in oxygen delivery to the tissues may confer critical benefit to the fetus, particularly during labour or when exposed to general anaesthesia, smoking should be discouraged for 48 hours before elective deliveries. The same consideration might reasonably be applied to patients undergoing general anaesthesia for all elective operations.
Carboxyhemoglobin↗