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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Peripheral circulatory responses to sustained handgrip in workers using vibrating tools].

In order to study the effects of static force such as a handgrip in detail, the peripheral circulatory function and the autonomic nervous function of workers who used chain-saws were examined in a handgrip test at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (30% MVC). Workers using chain-saws were divided into three groups: group A without any symptoms, group B with numbness and/or pain but without Raynaud's phenomenon and group C with Raynaud's phenomenon. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The finger blood flow (FBF) of all groups significantly decreased during the handgrip and significantly increased after the end of the handgrip as compared with the initial value. There was a tendency for the FBF decrease of group C to be less than that of group A. 2. The mean value of both maximum FBF decrease and maximum FBF increase during handgrip tests fell in alphabetical order (A, B, C). The maximum FBF increase of group C was significantly less than that of group A. 3. The finger skin temperature (FST) of each group significantly fell during the handgrip but there was no significant difference among the three groups. FST returned to the level of the initial value one minute after the end of the handgrip, and significantly rose two minutes and three minutes after the end of the handgrip as compared with the initial value. 4. Both the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure of all groups significantly rose during the handgrip but there was no significant difference among the three groups. Concerning the maximum rise of diastolic blood pressure, which is an indicator of autonomic nervous function, there was no significant difference among the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fingers↗

PubMed1976

Interaction between cardiovascular responses to sustained handgrip and Valsalva manoeuvre.

Interactions between the cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and sustained handgrip were analysed in 5 men with untreated mild hypertension and 4 young normal subjects. Though set at a higher level, there was a normal blood pressure response to the Valsalva manoeuvre during concurrent sustained handgrip in 4 of the 5 hypertensive subjects. At the end of the handgrip period in which the Valsalva manoeuvres were performed, the blood pressure was higher and the heart rate lower than in the control period of sustained handgrip. The fifth subject developed a 'square wave' Valsalva response, which returned to a normal response when sustained handgrip was discontinued. Analysis of RR interval changes in the normal subjects showed that both the tachycardia during, and the bradycardia after, the Valsalva strain period were significantly reduced during simultaneous sustained handgrip. These results show that the two reflexes interact, but only to a minor extent, and that the baroreflex response is modified by sustained handgrip, rather than overridden as had previously been suggested. In view of the effect on the blood pressure and heart rate, subjects should avoid performing a Valsalva manoeuvre during sustained handgrip testing.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Cutaneous vascular responses to isometric handgrip exercise.

Cutaneous vascular responses to dynamic exercise have been well characterized, but it is not known whether that response pattern applies to isometric handgrip exercise. We examined cutaneous vascular responses to isometric handgrip and dynamic leg exercise in five supine men. Skin blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler velocimetry and expressed as laser-Doppler flow (LDF). Arterial blood pressure was measured noninvasively once each minute. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as LDF/mean arterial pressure. LDF and CVC responses were measured at the forearm and chest during two 3-min periods of isometric handgrip at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction and expressed as percent changes from the preexercise levels. The skin was normothermic (32 degrees C) for the first period of handgrip and was locally warmed to 39 degrees C for the second handgrip. Finally, responses were observed during 5 min of dynamic two-leg bicycle exercise (150-175 W) at a local skin temperature of 39 degrees C. Arm LDF increased 24.5 +/- 18.9% during isometric handgrip in normothermia and 64.8 +/- 14.1% during isometric handgrip at 39 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Arm CVC did not significantly change at 32 degrees C but significantly increased 18.1 +/- 6.5% during isometric handgrip at 39 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Arm LDF decreased 12.2 +/- 7.9% during dynamic exercise at 39 degrees C, whereas arm CVC fell by 35.3 +/- 4.6% (in each case P less than 0.05). Chest LDF and CVC showed similar responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Evaluation of left ventricular performance in coronary heart disease: use of isometric handgrip stress test.

The usefulness of isometric handgrip exercise in the assessment of left ventricular function was studied in 27 patients, all of whom had angiographically documented coronary artery disease. The effect of extensiveness of coronary disease and presence or absence of collaterals (both delineated by coronary arteriography) on the response to handgrip stress was also evaluated. Of 11 patients with a normal handgrip response, 4 exhibited a normal left ventriculogram and 7 were abnormal. Of these 7, 6 had inferior hypokinesis. Conversely, of 16 patients with an abnormal response to handgrip, 15 had abnormal ventriculograms. Of these, 9 had anterior akinesis. Of patients with a normal handgrip response 82% had two- or three-vessel coronary disease, and 94% with an abnormal response exhibited two- or three-vessel obstruction. There was no observed correlation between the presence or absence of collaterals and the response to handgrip. This study indicates that (1) handgrip stress, when combined with left ventriculography, often yields important additional information regarding the effect of localized contraction abnormalities on overall left ventricular performance; (2) the extent of coronary obstructive disease or the presence of collaterals per se do not appear to be the primary determinants of left ventricular performance; (3) it is possible that the location as well as severity and extent of left ventricular contraction abnormality may play an important role in determining overall left ventricular performance.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Cardiovascular response to static handgrip in trained and untrained men.

The influence of aerobic capacity on the cardiovascular response to handgrip exercise, in relation to the muscle mass involved in the effort, was tested in 8 trained men (T) and 17 untrained men (U). The subjects performed handgrip exercises with the right-hand (RH), left-hand (LH) and both hands simultaneously (RLH) at an intensity of 25% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Maximal aerobic capacity was 4.3 l.min-1 in T and 3.21 l.min-1 in U (P less than 0.01). The endurance time for handgrip was longer in T than in U by 29% (P less than 0.05) for RH, 38% (P less than 0.001) for LH and 24% (P less than 0.001) for RLH. Heart rate (fc) was significantly lower in T than in U before handgrip exercise, and showed smaller increases (P less than 0.01) at the point of exhaustion: 89 vs 106 beats.min-1 for RH, 93 vs 100 beats.min-1 for LH and 92 vs 108 beats.min-1 for RLH. Stroke volume (SV) at rest was greater in T than in U and decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during handgrip exercise in both groups of subjects. At the point of exhaustion SV was still greater in T than in U: 75 vs 57 ml for RH, 76 vs 54 ml for LH and 76 vs 56 ml for RLH. During the last seconds of handgrip exercise, the left ventricular ejection time was longer in T than in U. Increases in cardiac output (Qc) and systolic blood pressure did not differ substantially between T and U, nor between the handgrip exercise tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Weight carrying versus handgrip exercise testing in men with coronary artery disease.

The clinical merits of handgrip and weight carrying tests were compared in 30 patients with documented coronary artery disease. The static loads in the 2 tests were matched by percentage of maximal static effort and corresponded to 25 and 45% of maximal voluntary handgrip contraction and 25 and 45% of maximal 1-hand lift capacity. Each static load in both tests was continued for less than or equal to 3 minutes. At the 25% maximal effort stage, 93 and 90% of patients were able to complete 3 minutes of handgrip and weight carrying, respectively. Only 13 and 10% were able to complete 3 minutes at the 45% maximal effort stage with handgrip and weight carrying, respectively. Arm fatigue and an increase in diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm Hg were the predominant endpoints. Weight carrying resulted in significantly higher (p less than 0.05) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, pressure-rate product, ventilation and oxygen consumption compared to handgrip. Diastolic blood pressure responses did not differ between the tests. None of the patients demonstrated ischemic responses to either handgrip or weight carrying and the incidence of arrhythmias was rare. The diastolic blood pressure response to static effort is equally evaluated by handgrip and weight carrying tests. However, the greater myocardial oxygen demand, reflected by the pressure-rate product, in addition to the greater total body oxygen consumption, imposed by weight carrying, enhances the clinical application of the weight carrying test.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effect of axillary blockade on regional cerebral blood flow during static handgrip.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined at rest and during static handgrip before and after regional blockade with lidocaine. A fast rotating single photon emission computer tomograph system with 133Xe inhalation was used at orbitomeatal plane (OM) +2.5 and +6.5 cm in eight subjects. Median handgrip force during the control study was 41 (range 24-68) N, which represented 10% of the initial maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and was 24 (18-36) N after axillary blockade (P less than 0.05), which represented 21% of the new MVC. During static handgrip, the rating of perceived exertion was 14 (10-16) exertion units before and 18 (15-20) after blockade (P less than 0.05). Hemispheric mean CBF did not change during handgrip. However, premotor rCBF increased from 55 (44-63) to 60 (50-69) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) and motor sensory rCBF from 57 (46-65) to 63 (55-71) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) to both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides during handgrip before, but not after, axillary blockade. There was no change in rCBF to other regions of the brain. Regional anesthesia with lidocaine did not alter resting rCBF. However, despite a greater sense of effort during static handgrip, there was no increase in rCBF after partial sensory and motor blockade. Thus bilateral activation occurs in the premotor and motor sensory cortex during static handgrip, and this activation requires neural feedback from the contracting muscles.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Cardiovascular and sympatho-adrenal responses to static handgrip performed with one and two hands.

12 healthy men aged 21-25 years performed, in the sitting position, a sustained handgrip at 25% of their maximum voluntary contraction, first with each hand separately and then with both hands simultaneously. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), stroke volume (determined reographically) and plasma catecholamine concentration were measured during each handgrip test. The HR and SBP increased consistently during each handgrip test while stroke volume decreased by approximately 20% of the initial value. Cardiac output did not change significantly. There were no significant differences in the magnitude and dynamics of the cardiovascular responses between the tests with one and with both hands. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels showed similar elevations in response to handgrip performed with the right hand and with both hands, while during the exercise performed with the left hand the increase in the plasma catecholamine concentration was less pronounced. It was concluded that: (1) during sustained handgrip, performed in the sitting position by young healthy subjects, the stroke volume markedly decreases and cardiac output does not change significantly in spite of the increased HR; (2) the cardiovascular and sympatho-adrenal responses to static handgrip do not depend on the mass of contracting muscle when the same relative tension is developed.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Adrenergic responses to sustained handgrip in patients with juvenile-onset-type diabetes mellitus.

1. The response of plasma noradrenaline, arterial blood pressure and heart rate to sustained handgrip at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction was studied in patients with long-term juvenile-onset-type diabetes millitus and healthy subjects of comparable age. 2. There was no significant difference between the intensity and duration of handgrip in diabetic patients and healthy subjects. 3. Sustained handgrip produced an increase in plasma concentration of noradrenaline both in diabetic and healthy subjects but the response in the diabetic subjects was significantly less. 4. The increase in systolic blood pressure during handgrip was significantly greater in diabetic subjects than in normal subjects. The increases in diastolic and mean blood pressure did not differ significantky. 5. The increase in heart rate during handgrip was greater in healthy subjects than in diabetic subjects. The response was smaller in diabetic patients with retinopathy than in the patients without retinopathy. 6. The sustained handgrip test may be useful for the diagnosis of abnormal sympathetic nervous system and haemodnynamic responsiveness in diabetic patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Coronary dilation with standard dose dipyridamole and dipyridamole combined with handgrip.

Intravenous dipyridamole is widely used to produce coronary vasodilation during cardiac imaging procedures. However, the routinely used dose of dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg IV over 4 min) does not always result in maximal coronary dilation. The addition of isometric handgrip during dipyridamole coronary dilation has been reported to substantially increase coronary blood flow over dipyridamole alone. We compared the coronary vasodilation resulting from infusion of the standard dose of dipyridamole with that resulting from a maximally dilating dose of intracoronary papaverine in 12 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. We also assessed the effect on coronary blood flow velocity of the addition of isometric handgrip during dipyridamole coronary dilation. Changes in coronary blood flow velocity were measured with a 3F coronary Doppler catheter. The coronary flow reserve (peak/resting coronary flow velocity ratio) after dipyridamole (3.7 +/- 1.2 [mean +/- SD] was less than that seen after papaverine (4.4 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.05), and the coronary vascular resistance index during dipyridamole coronary vasodilation (0.28 +/- 0.09) was greater than during papaverine (0.22 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.05). The dipyridamole coronary flow reserve was less than 3.0 in four subjects and was 2.0 or less in two subjects. The addition of isometric handgrip to dipyridamole coronary vasodilation produced an 8% increase in mean heart rate and a 17% increase in mean arterial pressure, but coronary flow reserve was unchanged (3.8 +/- 1.1 before handgrip vs. 4.0 +/- 1.1 with handgrip). Quantitative angiography in six patients revealed no change in coronary caliber with the addition of handgrip.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiography↗

PubMed1990

[Value of the handgrip apex cardiography test for detection of early diastolic ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris].

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is the earliest manifestation of myocardial ischemia. There are no simple stress tests for detecting ischemia by assessing abnormal changes of early (relaxation) and late (end-diastolic compliance) LV diastolic function. This study attempts to establish the diagnostic accuracy of the handgrip-apexcardiographic test (HAT) for detecting exercise-ischemia-induced diastolic dysfunction. Apex- and phonocardiogram were obtained during a 2-min handgrip (40% of maximal voluntary contraction using a balloon dynamometer). Indices of LV diastolic function were provided by relative A-wave to total height (A/H) of ACG, total apexcardiographic relaxation time (TART), TART corrected for heart rate (TARTI), and diastolic amplitude time index (DATI). HAT was performed in 63 patients with typical stable angina pectoris and 202 healthy volunteers. Positivity of HAT is defined by the presence of at least one of the following new criteria: 1) A/H during or after handgrip greater than 21% (= largest individual value in controls), 2) TART during greater than TART before handgrip greater than 143 ms or TARTI during handgrip less than 0.14 (= lowest individual value in controls), and 3) DATI during handgrip less than 0.27. According to this definition, all controls showed a negative HAT (specificity: 100%). By contrast, HAT was positive in 54 out of the 63 angina patients (sensitivity: 86%). These results demonstrate that HAT is a highly sensitive stress test for identifying patients with angina pectoris by assessing LV diastolic abnormalities. Thus, this quick and simple exercise method represents a new aspect in the clinical evaluation of angina patients for the practicing physician.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Handgrip strength and risk of common infections and sepsis: Two prospective cohorts with proteomic mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence links adiposity with the risk of severe infections, but whether muscle strength may also be an independent risk factor is less studied. We investigated the association between handgrip strength and risk of common infections and sepsis and explored potential mediation by plasma proteomic biomarkers. METHODS: We analyzed data from 405,451 UK Biobank participants and replicated the main findings in 4474 Chinese adults from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS). Baseline handgrip strength was measured by a dynamometer. Cox models were used to estimate its association with incidence of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin infection, and sepsis, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Mediation analyses were performed using 2912 plasma proteins in a UK Biobank subsample (n = 42,414) to identify biological pathways. RESULTS: In UK Biobank (median follow-up 13.6-15.3 years), lower handgrip strength was associated with significantly increased risk of pneumonia (hazard ratio per 5-kg decrement=1.10; 95% CI=1.09-1.11), UTI (1.10; 1.09-1.11), skin infection (1.05; 1.04-1.05), and sepsis (1.08; 1.07-1.10). Associations were largely consistent in HKOS, and the relative risks associated with low grip strength were generally most pronounced in underweight individuals. GDF15 and PLAUR were identified as the most important proteins which mediated 12-14% of these associations. CONCLUSION: Low handgrip strength is associated with increased risks of common infections and sepsis, particularly in underweight individuals, with partial mediation by proteins related to inflammation and immune-related pathways. Handgrip strength assessment may provide prognostic value beyond body mass index for clinical risk stratification.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxic and hyperoxic static handgrip exercise in man.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to static handgrip exercise at different levels of arterial chemoreceptor activation. The study was done on 10 healthy subjects. They performed handgrip of 50% of maximal voluntary contraction on a background of either hypoxia (PE'O2 approximately 47 mm Hg) or hyperoxia (PE'O2 approximately 216 mm Hg), i.e., enhanced or suppressed chemoreceptor activity. The subjects were able to sustain the handgrip for 50-60 sec, during which time no steady-state responses were attainable. Minute ventilation (VI), cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), and a number of other variables were recorded. Handgrip exercise resulted in a rapid initial VI rise followed by a subsequent slow increase. Hyperoxia diminished the VI response over the exercise range. The ventilatory response was associated with an HR acceleration, increased arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance. No appreciable changes in Q were noted, nor was there any particular relationship between ventilatory and circulatory changes. These results provide no support for the Q mediated ventilatory stimulus during static handgrip exercise in man. It is concluded that the ventilatory and cardiovascular responses are of independent nature.

Cardiac Output↗

PubMed1991

Handgrip dynamometry, Cybex measurements and lean mass as markers of the ageing of muscle function.

Isometric handgrip force, isokinetic knee flexion and extension torque, and anthropometric data were obtained on 67 older men and women (ranging in age from 45 to 75 years, mean 59.7 years). Hydrostatic and skinfold estimates of lean body mass were quite closely correlated with each other in this sample (r = 0.93). Handgrip force, isokinetic knee flexion and extension torque, and lean mass all decreased by 6-8% per decade over the age span examined, although in the men the loss was most marked in terms of handgrip and lean mass, whereas in the women the loss of torque in the knee muscles was dominant. Because of these differences, the handgrip data were only weakly correlated with the isokinetic strength measurements (r = 0.22), and the isokinetic data were more strongly related to lean body mass and body mass. The optimum equation for a field prediction of isokinetic strength in this age group (a combination of age, sex, age-sex interaction and lean body mass) has an error approaching 25%, with a multiple r2 of 0.37, and a standard error of the estimate (s.e.e.) of 24.5%. It is concluded that handgrip data and slow isokinetic torque measurements evaluate relatively independent aspects of the ageing of muscular function.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Sympathetic outflow to resting muscles during static handgrip and postcontraction muscle ischemia.

Simultaneous microneurographic recordings were made of muscle sympathetic activity (MSA) in the radial and the peroneal nerves of seven healthy subjects during 2-min static handgrip (30% of maximal voluntary contraction) followed by 2 min of forearm ischemia induced by arterial occlusion. At rest sympathetic burst frequency was similar in both nerves, but relative burst strengths differed between the two neurograms, suggesting that sympathetic outflows to arm and leg were not identical. Both radial and peroneal MSA were unchanged during the first minute of handgrip and increased to a similar degree during the second minute. Thus previously reported differences in vascular resistance between forearm and calf during static handgrip cannot be explained by differences in MSA to arm and leg muscles. During forearm ischemia after handgrip, peroneal MSA remained at the same level as during the second minute of handgrip but there was a further increase of radial MSA. This shows that stimulation of chemosensitive endings in forearm muscles induces differentiation of sympathetic neural outflow to muscles in the leg and the contralateral arm.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Myocardial blood flow response to isometric (handgrip) and treadmill exercise in coronary artery disease.

Thirty patients undergoing coronary cineangiography for diagnosis or evaluation of coronary artery disease had myocardial blood flow studies pre and post handgrip (isometric) exercise just prior to cineangiography. The handgrip was maintained at one-third maximum effort for three minutes. The patients also had treadmill exercise testing a day or two prior to the study. Treadmill testing was carried out until angina or positive ST-segment changes occurred or the patient attained 90% of predicted maximal heart rate. Of the 30 patients, seven had no coronary artery disease and 23 had significant disease, i.e., greater than 75% occlusion of at least one major coronary artery. Six of the 23 patients (26%) with disease had angina with handgrip and demonstrated a decreased myocardial blood flow, a significantly different response from the patients without agina (P less than 0.001). For the group without angina, the blood flow response was not significantly different from the normal group. Treadmill tests were positive in 19 of the 23 patients with coronary disease (83%). The arterial systolic and diastolic pressure rise was almost identical with the two stresses. The heart rate response, however, was significantly different (P less than 0.001), the rate increase being greater with treadmill exercise. The myocardial blood flow data demonstrate the relative insensitivity of handgrip exercise for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. In terms of the supply demand ratio (diastolic pressure time/systolic pressure time) concept for subendocardial perfusion, it is possible that the difference between handgrip and treadmill stress may be due to the different heart rate response, more rapid heart rates having a relatively greater effect on diastolic than on systolic time indices, all other factors being equal.

Angina Pectoris↗

PubMed1976

Coronary blood flow and lactate metabolism during isometric handgrip exercise in heart disease.

Twenty-one patients with various heart diseases undergoing the coronary sinus catheterization had myocardial blood flow studies before and during isometric handgrip exercise. At 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), handgrip increased both coronary sinus blood flow by 19.8% and myocardial O2 consumption by 21.0% on the average as compared to those at rest. At 20% of MVC, the increase of the both was slight except for 1 case. The increase in coronary sinus blood flow significantly correlated to the increase of myocardial O2 consumption. Lactate extraction ratio decreased to less than 10% during handgrip in 4 of 19 cases studied despite of normal values at rest. Lactate extraction ratio had significantly positive correlations with coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial O2 consumption during handgrip, while there were not significant ones at rest. It is suggested that isometric handgrip exercise is useful as a stress test for detection of myocardial ischemia in the heart of coronary artery disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Laterality and force of handgrip during the first two years at school.

The connection between lateral dominance and force of handgrip was investigated by means of a repeated-measures design. 521 children participated. Performance on a paper-and-pencil task and force of handgrip were measured at the beginning of the first year at school and at the end of the first and of the second years at school. On the paper-and-pencil task 84% of the children were classified as right-handers, 8% as left-handers, and 8% as ambidexterous. About 2% of children classified as right-handers at the beginning of the first year at school were classified as left-handers at the end of the second year at school while 18% of left-handers shifted to right-handedness. 52% of children attained their best performance on handgrip with the right hand and 39% with the left hand. No differences could be found either for the right or for the left hand in force of handgrip between right- and left-handed and ambidexterous children. For right-handers, however, the more skilled hand showed superior performance in force of handgrip. These results indicate that left-handers are less strongly handed than right-handers.

Child↗