Prediction of abstinence, controlled drinking, and heavy drinking outcomes following behavioral self-control training.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alcohol Drinking↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “heavy drinking”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Predictors of drinking and signs of heavy drinking among high school students.
This paper reports an investigation of factors associated with drinking and heavy drinking among high school students. The relative importance of social characteristics, parental drinking and parental rejection and control are assessed. Data were obtained from 1,439 students in two high schools. It is found that most students drink, but most drink infrequently (less than once a week and one or two drinks at time). Multivariate analysis using the MCA program indicates that students who frequently get drunk are those who are heavy drinkers, drink away from home and in cars, and whose drinking is not known to their parents. Parents' drinking and parental rejection and control have little unique explanatory power. It is suggested that parental modeling may be of most importance at the outset of drinking, whereas place and extent of drinking is most important in predicting the signs of heavy drinking.
Adolescent↗
Alcoholics' disposition to drink. Effects of abstinence and heavy drinking.
Disposition to drink in alcoholics decreased during a period of enforced abstinence, but increased when consumption of alcohol resumed.
Adult↗
Therapy of heavy drinking during pregnancy.
A survey of patients registering at the Boston City Hospital Prenatal Clinic had demonstrated that 9 percent were heavy drinkers. To reduce the health hazards to mothers and children, treatment of heavy alcohol use was integrated with prenatal care. A pediatric neurologist independently examined 322 offspring, including 42 whose mothers were heavy drinkers. Frequency of congenital anomalies, growth retardation, or functional abnormalities among these 42 was twice that of infants born to abstinent or moderate drinking mothers P less than .001). Within that group of 42, there were 15 whose mothers were able to abstain or reduce alcohol intake during the third trimester. These 15 demonstrated fewer abnormalities than those 27 whose mothers had continued heavy drinking (P less than .001). Since pregnant women can be motivated to reduce heavy drinking, treatment programs can benefit both mothers and infants.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Loss of control, heavy drinking and drinking problems in a longitudinal study.
The utility of conceptualizing alcoholism as a typically progressive disease process with regular, predictable stages is questioned. "Loss of control" was found to be only one variable among others in predicting drinking problems. It was not possible to confirm the importance that some disease conceptions of alcoholism assign to it.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Personality characteristics of alcoholic patients in relation to length of heavy drinking.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Maternal heavy drinking related to delayed onset of daughters menstruation.
Maternal drinking during pregnancy was related to filial age at menarche. Daughters showed a trend to late menarche if their mothers drank heavily during pregnancy.
Adolescent↗
Acohol use among older persons: findings from a Western New York State general population survey.
This report on the drinking patterns of older persons is based upon a cross-sectional probability sample of 1,041 adults aged 18 years or older living in Erie and Niagara Counties in Western New York State. The rates of drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol-related problems were considerably lower among persons aged 60 or older than among those aged 50--59 (approaching old age), or among those aged 18--49 (the younger comparison group). Although heavy drinking was almost nonexistent among the elderly women, sizable proportions of the older men (e.g., about a quarter of the men in the 60--69 age group) were heavy drinkers. Previous reports concluding that the stresses of aging, such as widowhood and retirement, are associated with increased problem drinking were not confirmed in this study. More definitive, longitudinal research is needed to develop a better understanding of the relationships between drinking patterns and the aging process.
Adolescent↗
Protective action of ascorbic acid and sulfur compounds against acetaldehyde toxicity: implications in alcoholism and smoking.
Acetaldehyde is a toxic substance common to heavy drinking of alcohol and heavy smoking of cigarettes. It has been implicated thereby in diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Protection against acetaldehyde toxicity (i.e. anesthesia and lethality) was studied in rats by oral intubation of test compounds 30-45 minutes prior to oral intubation of a standardized oral LD 90 dose (18 millimoles/kilogram) of acetaldehyde. Animals were monitored for anesthesia (loss of righting reflexes) and lethality for 72 hours. A total of 18 compounds was tested. L-ascorbic acid at 2 millimoles/kilogram (mM/kg) showed moderate protection against anesthesia and marked protection against lethality. Greatest protection against anesthesia and lethality was obtained at 2 m M/kg with each of the following: L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, thiamin-HCl, sodium metabisulfite, and L-cysteic acid. A combination of L-ascorbic acid with L-cysteine, and thiamin-HCl at reduced dose levels (2.0, 1.0 and 0.3 mM/kg, respectively) gave virtually complete protection. A detailed literature review is presented of the rationale and significance of these findings. Our findings could point the way to a possible build-up of natural protection against the chronic body insult of acetaldehyde arising from heavy drinking of alcohol and heavy smoking of cigarettes.
Acetaldehyde↗
[Association of tobacco and alcohol in cancer].
Heavy drinking and heavy smoking are often associated; the effects of either alcohol and tobacco on human cancer can not be easily disentangled. Appropriate adjustments need to be made to pinpoint the role of either factor. Both smoking and drinking play a role in cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx and oesophagus; they seem to multiply their effects. Cancer of the larynx is also related to both alcohol and tobacco, but the role of alcohol appears only when exposure to tobacco is also present. While tobacco smoke is known to contain carcinogens, the mechanisms by which alcohol provoke cancer remain obscure; it may act by facilitating the penetration of carcinogens in the mucosa-carcinogens might be present in some alcoholic beverages; a direct action of ethanol can not be excluded. Epidemiological evidence is clear enough, however, to predict a substantial drop of incidence of buccal, pharyngeal, oesophageal and laryngeal cancers if alcohol and tobacco consumption could be reduced.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Sex differences in sleep and alcohol consumption outcomes following a digital insomnia intervention.
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep is a well-established risk factor for heavy drinking, and evidence suggests that sleep could serve as a potential treatment target for reducing alcohol consumption. The relationship between poor sleep and problematic drinking appears to be stronger among females, but no studies to date have assessed sex differences in alcohol consumption following insomnia treatment. Here, we combine the samples from two clinical trials to investigate sex differences in the effects of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet; SHUTi) on sleep and alcohol outcomes. METHODS: 184 heavy drinking individuals with insomnia (weekly binge episodes: 4/5 + drinks in one sitting for females/males; AUDIT score >7; ISI score >14) were randomly assigned to either the SHUTi program (n = 102) or an active control program (n = 82). Participants completed self-report assessments at baseline, immediately following the 9-week intervention period, and at 3 and 6-months post-intervention. RESULTS: Linear mixed effects models showed that SHUTi effects over time were stronger among females than males for improved sleep outcomes and reduced frequency of total and heavy drinking days (ps ≤ 0.038). Follow-up comparisons of within-group effect sizes revealed consistently larger reductions in alcohol consumption among SHUTi females (Cohen's d range = 0.92-2.23) than SHUTi males (Cohen's d range = 0.65-1.95). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that SHUTi may be more efficacious in improving sleep and reducing drinking among females with insomnia compared to males. These results could have important implications for sex-specific prevention and treatment efforts for heavy drinking individuals with insomnia.
Humans↗
Perceived partner substance use, genetic predispositions, and their associations with problematic alcohol use, emotional well-being, and relationship quality.
BACKGROUND: Romantic relationships are important contexts for substance use and emotional well-being. We tested the hypotheses that (i) genetic predispositions for alcohol consumption would be positively associated with partner substance use, (ii) partner substance use would moderate genetic influences on one's own alcohol outcomes, and (iii) partner discordance in substance use would be associated with lower emotional well-being and relationship quality. METHODS: Analyses included 2,357 participants (Mage = 51.4, 58.2% female) from the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Focal measures included participants' reports of their own and their current partner's past-year substance use (frequencies of alcohol use, heavy drinking, drunkenness, cannabis use, and nicotine use), emotional well-being, and relationship quality. Participants' genetic predispositions were indexed with genome-wide polygenic scores for alcohol consumption (PGSAlc). Participant-partner substance use discordance was calculated as the difference between the participant's and their partner's use for each substance use measure, separately. RESULTS: Participant PGSAlc was not significantly associated with partners' perceived substance use. Frequent perceived partner alcohol use and heavy drinking significantly amplified the association between PGSAlc and alcohol use or drunkenness. Frequent perceived partner drunkenness and cannabis use significantly attenuated the association between PGSAlc and heavy drinking or frequency of alcohol use. Participant-partner discordance for several substance use measures was significantly associated with lower emotional well-being and relationship quality, controlling for participant and partner substance use main effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of partner substance use in etiological models of alcohol use, emotional health outcomes, and relationship quality.
Humans↗
Reliability of prisoners' attitudes to their drinking behaviour.
A sample of male prisoners was examined by means of a questionnaire and subsequently by a structured interview. Control subjects who denied heavy drinking were used to study test-retest reliability of a group who admitted that drinking was a problem and a third group who admitted heavy drinking but denied problem drinking. Non-heavy drinkers and the heaviest drinkers are shown to be the most reliable and the intermediate group least reliable.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Effects of maternal drinking on neonate state regulation.
Sleep-awake state distribution during inter-feed intervals over a 24-hour period on the third day of life was investigated by means of a continuous non-intrusive bassinet sleep monitor. 31 infants were studied: 14 born to mothers who drank heavily throughout pregnancy (group A), eight whose mothers modified their heavy drinking (group B) and nine whose mothers never were heavy drinkers (group C). Over the 24-hour period, group A infants slept less than those in group B. In comparison with group C, group A infants had a larger proportion of quiet sleep episodes interrupted by awake or unclassified epochs, and were more restless, with more frequent major body movements. These pilot observations suggest that heavy maternal consumption of alcohol, when continued throughout pregnancy, is associated with a disturbance of sleep-awake state distribution. Successful therapy of heavy drinking during pregnancy may improve the physiological competence of the newborn to regulate sleep-awake states and facilitate interaction between mother and infant.
Adolescent↗
Dependence, relapse and extinction: a theoretical critique and a behavioral examination.
Re-examines the "decay of extinction" notion proposed by Hunt and Matarazzo (1970) to account for relapse in the treatment of alcoholism and dependence disorders. The attempt to reduce complex relapse behaviors to a simple curve is criticized both from the point of view of using group data to describe an individual process and the nature of cumulative data itself. Because individual differences are marked, a simple group curve cannot describe the process of relapse. A behavioral examination then is presented, based on records of the drinking behavior of 79 alcoholics over a 12-month period after treatment. The main finding is that there are marked individual differences in the process of relapse. Furthermore, the frequency of heavy drinking seems to be most related to a pattern of drinking characterized by marked month-to-month variation in the frequency of heavy drinking rather than a more stable pattern.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Alcoholism and alcoholic liver injury: new diagnostic and prognostic tests.
Recently developed tests that measure levels of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid (AANB) and serum glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) may improve screening for early detection of heavy drinking and liver injury, respectively. With these tests, a "three-level" approach to the problem is now possible: (1) detection of heavy drinking on the basis of a biochemical marker (such as AANB); (2) detection of liver injury (necrosis and inflammation) on the basis of serum liver tests (such as GDH); and (3) detection of alcoholics in whom cirrhosis is prone to develop by the screening of liver biopsy specimens for precirrhotic lesions (such as pericentral sclerosis).
Alcoholism↗
Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy.
To evaluate the risk of offspring of heavy drinking during pregnancy, we administered a questionnaire to 633 women at the first prenatal visit. Nutritional status, smoking, drug and alcohol use were determined. Women were classified into three groups: abstinent and rare drinkers; moderate drinkers; and heavy drinkers. After delivery, detailed pediatric, neurologic and developmental examinations were administered by a physician without prior knowledge of any history. Infants born to heavy drinkers had twice the risk of abnormality of those born to abstinent or moderate drinkers (P less than 0.001). Thirty-two per cent of infants born to heavy drinkers demonstrated congenital anomalies, as compared to 9 per cent in the abstinent and 14 per cent in the moderate group (P less than 0.001). Microcephaly and multiple congenital anomalies were much more frequent in this group (P less than 0.001). Heavy drinking during pregnancy increases the risk to offspring.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Casual blood-ethanol estimations in patients with chronic liver disease.
Patients attending a clinic for diseases of the liver were tested for blood-ethanol by a gas chromatographic technique sensitive to about 5 mg/dl (1 mmol/1). Of 172 patients (51 men, 121 women) 36% gave a history of heavy drinking (greater than 80 g ethanol/day; equivalent to 8 fl oz of whisky or 1 litre of wine) and 13% had ethanol in the bloodstream at values of 8-400 mg/dl. 42 patients (24%) had the liver-biopsy changes of alcoholic liver disease, and 17 of these had ethanol in the blood at one time or another. Nearly half (22/49) of all patients admitting heavy drinking also had detectable blood-ethanol. In all cases but 1 where blood-ethanol was found, a drinking history was admitted on first attendance, and alcoholic liver disease was nearly always found on subsequent biopsy. Blood-ethanol and admission of drinking were most constantly found in association with alcoholic steatosis and hepatitis. Both features were less commonly present in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. Only 1 patient of 22 with "cryptogenic" cirrhosis on biopsy was found to have both ethanol in the blood and an alcoholic history, although 5 had an alcoholic history alone. The value of serial blood-ethanol estimations in the treatment of alcoholics and the detection of relapses is demonstrated. The findings confirm the relatively low frequency of alcoholism as a contributor to cirrhosis in the United Kingdom. Alcohol does not seem a major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Casual blood-ethanol estimation is a useful and objective adjunct to techniques of investigating diseases of the liver.
Alcohol Drinking↗