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Results for “histologic chorioamnionitis”

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PubMed1975

[Methods of localization of chorioamnionitis and their clinical value].

121 out of 390 placentas of mostly pathological deliveries and preganancies were cases of chorioamnionitis. Histological studies have been performed under topographical respects. Several localisations (dynamic phases) of ascending infection of the secundinae are being described and their clinical relevance is being assessed. 1)"Nomal secundinae" or "physiological leucocytosis at ruptured chorionic membranes": there are but a few cases (3 to 5%) of amniotic infection syndroms or morphological signs of an aspiration of infected amniotic fluid and fetal sepsis. 2) "Isolated leucocytosis of the vessels of the umbilical cord and the chorionic plate": it is mostly caused by a fetal hypoxia; relatively seldom it is the result of an infection (about 10%). 3) "Partial phlegmon of the secundinae" (phlegmon of the chorionic membrane with spreading to the periphery of the chorionic plate): about 30% amniotic infection syndrom or infected amniotic fluid (and fetal sepsis respectively. 4) "Subtotal phlegmon of the secundinae" (phlegmon of the chorionic membrane and the chorionic plate in part, spreading to the umbilical cord): about 50% amniotic infection syndrom or infected amniotic fluid (and fetal sepsis) respectively. 5) "Total phlegmon of the secundinae" : in the majority of cases (about 65%) signs of infection damage on mother and/or fetus are visible.

Amnion↗

PubMed2026

Intra-amniotic infection: diagnosis, nomenclature, clinical significance, management, and microbiologic tools used for the diagnosis.

SUMMARYIntra-amniotic infection is the main cause of spontaneous preterm birth and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes; therefore, rapid, robust, and accurate diagnosis remains a clinical priority. Conventional microbiological techniques, especially culture-based methods, are limited by long turnaround times and the inability to detect fastidious or unculturable organisms. This review summarizes the diagnosis, nomenclature, clinical significance, management, and laboratory approaches for diagnosing intra-amniotic infection. Targeted nucleic acid amplification methods, including species-specific polymerase chain reaction and broad-range 16S rRNA gene sequencing, have improved the detection of bacterial DNA and enabled the identification of organisms that evade routine culture in intra-amniotic infection. More recently, whole-genome sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing have provided culture-independent strategies for comprehensive pathogen profiling, allowing simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as characterization of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence-associated genes. However, challenges remain, particularly in low-biomass samples such as amniotic fluid, where contamination, host DNA background, and data interpretation can compromise specificity. This review critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of each molecular modality and discusses pre-analytical, analytical, and bioinformatic considerations essential for reliable implementation. Integration of molecular diagnostics into clinical workflows holds promise for improving etiological diagnosis and guiding targeted therapy in intra-amniotic infection, thereby improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Chorioamnionitis and colonization of the newborn infant with genital mycoplasmas.

To study the role of Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum) in chorioamnionitis, we obtained culture from 249 puerperal women and their babies. The placentas were examined histologically. Infants whose placentas showed inflammation (chorioamnionitis) had cultures positive for T-mycoplasmas more frequently (37.5 per cent) than those with normal placentas (19.0 per cent) (P = 0.021). Colonization with M. hominis was found in 16.0 per cent of the babies and was not significantly associated with chorioamnionitis. Material colonization with mycoplasmas was more frequent (73.4 per cent) and was not correlated with placental inflammation. We conclude that a substantial proportion of cases of chorioamnionitis may be caused by prenatal infection with T-mycoplasmas. The fact that these organisms are not highly virulent could explain the frequent finding of inflammed placentas from otherwise normal pregnacies. No adverse clinical effects of the placental lesions or of mycoplasmal colonization could be detected in this small study.

Amnion↗

PubMed1979

Intramembranous localization of bacteria in beta-hemolytic group B streptococcal chorioamnionitis.

An unusual pathologic finding consisting of large colonies of bacteria, localized immediately beneath the epithelial layer of the amnion, has been observed in association with an example of group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal chorioamnionitis. Postpartum endometritis as well as neonatal sepsis and meningitis occurred. Histologic examination of the umbilical cord and placenta revealed routine features of intraamniotic inflammation, but the membranes were characterized by the presence of unusual darkly staining deposits of material immediately beneath the amniotic epithelium. Subsequent special stains revealed these to be colonies of gram-positive cocci. We have been unable to find a previous description of this observation in association with streptococcal or with other types of chorioamnionitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Intrauterine infections in nonhuman primates.

Gross and histologic examination of five nonhuman primate placentas revealed inflammatory processes, either of the ascending type, with chorioamnionitis and fetal vasculitis, or of the hematogenous type with villitis. These reactions were similar to those occurring in man, with known implications for perinatal outcome.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Chorioamnionitis and funisitis due to Corynebacterium kutscheri.

When isolated from the female genital tract, diphtheroids are usually regarded as commensal organisms. Corynebacterium kutscheri however is a pathogen in laboratory rodents. We report a case in which C. kutscheri was isolated as a pure culture from the umbilical cord and from other surface sites in an infant. Histological examination of the cord and membranes demonstrated the organisms within these fetal tissues. The organisms evoked a fetal cellular response. The importance of recognising commensals as potential pathogens in states of altered host resistance in stressed.

Corynebacterium↗