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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Phase Transition of Wax Enabling CRISPR Diagnostics for Automatic At-Home Testing of Multiple Sexually Transmitted Infection Pathogens.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly impact women's reproductive health. Rapid, sensitive, and affordable detection of these pathogens is essential, especially for home-based self-testing, which is crucial for individuals who prioritize privacy or live in areas with limited access to healthcare services. Herein, an automated diagnostic system called Wax-CRISPR has been designed specifically for at-home testing of multiple STIs. This system employs a unique strategy by using the solid-to-liquid phase transition of wax to sequentially isolate and mix recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and CRISPR assays in a microfluidic chip. By incorporating a home-built controlling system, Wax-CRISPR achieves true one-pot multiplexed detection. The system can simultaneously detect six common critical gynecological pathogens (CT, MG, UU, NG, HPV 16, and HPV 18) within 30 min, with a detection limit reaching 10-18 M. Clinical evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves a sensitivity of 96.8% and a specificity of 97.3% across 100 clinical samples. Importantly, eight randomly recruited untrained operators performe a double-blinded test and successfully identified the STI targets in 33 clinical samples. This wax-transition-based one-pot CRISPR assay offers advantages such as low-cost, high-stability, and user-friendliness, making it a useful platform for at-home or field-based testing of multiple pathogen infections.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Development of the Canadian Home Fitness Test.

The Canadian Home Fitness Test is a self-administered procedure in which the participant steps at an age- and sex-specific rhythm controlled by recorded music, then palpates the pulse immediately following activity. Validation of the test has shown a correlation of 0.72 with the results of a standard submaximum bicycle ergometer test, while the directly measured maximum oxygen intake is correlated even more closely (r = 0.88) with the attained stepping rate, body weight and recovery heart rate. Given modest training, subjects could measure their immediate postexercise heart rate (correlation with electro-cardiographic data, r = 0.94), although 10-second counts underestimated the true rate by an average of 7 beats/min. The safety of the test will be established ultimately by experience in its use in a large population; nevertheless, both theoretical considerations and results of trials in over 14 000 adults suggest the procedure can be self-administered without serious consequences. It is also well accepted by the general public and arouses considerable interest in most homes. The test can thus be recommended as providing an approximate measure of an individual's physical fitness in order to stimulate an increase in personal physical activity. It also has potential as a simple screening procedure that would allow paramedical personnel to record fitness levels and standardized exercise electrocardiograms in large segments of the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of dorsal and median raphé nuclei and performance in the social interaction test of anxiety and in a home-cage aggression test.

Micro-injections of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus produced a behavioural profile in the social interaction test of anxiety similar to that seen in rats treated chronically with benzodiazepines. Neurotoxin injections into the median raphé nucleus did not produce a profile significantly different from that of the controls. In the control rats and in the rats with lesions of the median raphé nucleus, ACTH1-24 (corticotrophin) significantly reduced active social interactions, whereas it was without effect on the rats with lesions of the dorsal raphé nucleus. In the home-cage intruder test, the median raphé-lesioned rats submitted less to the intruder and stood and jumped on him more often than did the controls. The dorsal raphé-lesioned rats showed significantly fewer interactions of all kinds, compared with control rats when an intruder was placed in their home cages.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed2026

The environmental impact of diagnosis and therapy in obstructive sleep Apnea: A systematic review.

Healthcare contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet the environmental impact of sleep medicine, particularly the diagnosis and therapy of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), remains poorly characterized. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (2015-2025) for studies on OSA care reporting environmental metrics (carbon footprint, energy use, resource consumption) or healthcare resource utilization. Supplementary searches identified additional non-peer-reviewed sustainability-focused studies that have been presented at conferences. Of 19 primary peer-reviewed studies on OSA care and utilization, only one reported environmental metrics (telemedicine CO2 savings related to reduction in travel-related emissions). Supplementary sources revealed that OSA care has a measurable carbon footprint driven by disposable equipment, device electricity, and travel and that OSA diagnostics create significant solid waste with opportunities for waste reduction through the use of reusable equipment. This review shows that while the environmental impact of sleep medicine has been rarely studied to this date, available evidence suggests significant opportunities for sustainability through virtual care, home testing, and equipment optimization. Future research should incorporate environmental impact into the assessment of clinical pathways.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adolescent girls: II. Screening methods.

Of 500 asymptomatic adolescent girls who were screened for bacteriuria by three methods-dipslide (Uricult), dipstrip (Microstix-3 reagent strips), and home nitrite test (Microstix-Nitrite reagent strips)-eight cases (1.6%) were detected: 6/8 by dipslide and dipstrip; 5/8 by nitrite testing. The false-positive-rate (greater than 10(4) colonies/ml) of the dipslide test was 6.4%, and the dipstrip test, 2.8%. A history of vaginal discharge was not associated with "contaminated" specimens. False-positive nitrite tests were reported by 0.6% of the patients who returned the postcards. Overall, 70.4% of the patients returned the postcards for the home nitrite test. The patients were divided by method of payment (Medicaid vs non-Medicaid) in order to provide an approximation of socioeconomic status; non-Medicaid patients were significantly more likely to return postcards than Medicaid patients (75.8% vs 63.7%). Of the group reporting previous urinary tract infection, 79% of both Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients returned postcards, suggesting that a prior experience with the diagnosis increased compliance with a home test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Testing for bacteriuria by home culturing in preschool girls.

Home urine culture in dipslide was performed in 297 preschool girls. Results correlated well with those of cultures at the medical office, specially if midstream urine was used. This method proved to be an inexpensive, reliable (100% sensitivity) technique for detecting significant bacteriuria in preschool girls. False-positive tests occurred in 22 cases.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1977

Effect of chronic home care on admission to institutions providing long-term care.

Home care programs are operating throughout Ontario. In October 1975 pilot-test chronic home care (CHC) programs were added in three areas. Whether the Kingston CHC program prevented or delayed admission to an institution providing long-term care was studied in the 218 patients admitted to the program up to mid-March 1976. Forms were completed for all 218 patients admitted, for the 109 still in the program 6 months later, and for the 131 who had left the program by August 1976. Of the 218 patients 20% had applied for admission to an institution providing long-term care before applying for CHC, and another 22% had seriously considered applying to such an institution. The CHC staff judged that 61% would have needed institutional care without CHC. Only 12% of the 218 patients left the CHC program to enter an institution, only 1 of the 48 patients discharged to self-care at home was considering a move to an institution, and only 2 receiving CHC for 6 months applied to an institution during that time. CHC therefore seems to delay greatly admission to an institution providing long-term care for a substantial group of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

One in three patients with positional obstructive sleep apnea does not benefit from positional therapy: Insights from a home-based trial.

PURPOSE: Positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is the most common phenotype of obstructive sleep apnea, yet patient selection for positional therapy (PT) remains suboptimal. With this analysis we aimed to clarify how many patients with POSA may not require PT because they do not habitually sleep supine at home, and how many fail vibrotactile PT despite appropriate indication. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive adults with POSA evaluated at a tertiary sleep center between 2021 and 2024. All patients underwent a home-based trial with a neck-based vibrotactile positional therapy device (Night Shift™), consisting of monitoring mode followed by therapy mode. Outcomes included the proportion of non-supine sleepers at home, failure rate of vibrotactile PT, device compliance and differences in supine sleep time between diagnostic testing and home monitoring. RESULTS: Of 92 screened patients, 74 met inclusion criteria (mean age 60.3 ± 13.2 years; mean AHI 22.9 ± 13.3 events/h). Fifteen percent (11/74) did not habitually sleep supine at home, indicating no clinical need for PT, and an additional 14.8% (11/74) failed vibrotactile PT. Overall, 30% of patients were either unlikely to benefit from PT or failed therapy. Non-response was frequently associated with psychotropic or sedative medication use and neurological or sleep-related comorbidities. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of patients diagnosed with POSA either do not require or fail vibrotactile treatment in real-world conditions. Incorporating a brief home monitoring and therapy trial into routine clinical practice may optimize patient selection, reduce unnecessary costs, and improve personalized management of POSA.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Recognition of impending ketoacidosis delayed by ketone reagent strip failure.

During a one-year period, six patients were admitted to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis following 12 to 24 hours of illness at home. Urine testing with strips impregnated with sodium nitroprusside had indicated that no ketone bodies were present. Nine of 11 bottles of reagent strips in use for less than three months by these and other patients contained totally unreactive strips. Nitroprusside tablets exposed more than three months continued to give accurate readings.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis↗
PubMed1975

Influenza vaccination and mortality from bronchopneumonia in the elderly.

In a three-year influenza vaccination programme carried out among elderly patients these were found to have a lower haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody level and a poorer serological response to vaccination than younger persons in the same city. Although there was little difference in overall respiratory illness between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups until the third year of observation, those who received vaccine showed a substantially smaller incidence of bronchopneumonia and a significantly lower mortality than those not so protected. The observations are believed to justify the giving of influenza vaccine in this age-group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Effects of central cortical EEG feedback training on incidence of poorly controlled seizures.

This study examined the clinical effects of central cortical EEG feedback training in 8 patients with poorly controlled seizures. After base-line recordings, patients were trained in the laboratory and then initiated on a double or triple crossover design using portable equipment at home, with bimonthly laboratory test sessions. Performance at home was monitored by a strip chart recorder with the portable unit. Training was based on the simultaneous detection of two central cortical (C3--T3) EEG frequency bands (6--9 Hz and either 12--15 or 18--23 Hz), with reward provided for the occurrence of one in the absence of the other. The design consisted of successive 3 month periods of training, with reward contingencies reversed after each period without the subject's knowledge. Seizure incidence records were compared statistically before, during, and after the design. Six of the 8 patients reported significant and sustained seizure reductions, which averaged 74%, following reward for either 12--15 or 18--23 Hz in the absence of 6--9 Hz. Response to positive reward for 12--15 Hz was specific, with seizure rates returning to base line when reinforcement contingencies were reversed. Reduced seizure rates following positive reward for 18--23 Hz were not altered with contingency reversals. A nonspecific interpretation of these effects is rejected in favor of an EEG normalizing hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

C-peptide in juvenile diabetics beyond the postinitial remission period. Relation to clinical manifestations at onset of diabetes, remission and diabetic control.

A group of 58 diabetics, age 6-17 years and with a duration of diabetes of 3-14 years was studied in order to show whether the nature of the clinical manifestations and the treatment at the onset of the disease are related to the subsequent C-peptide production and also whether remaining C-peptide production is related to better diabetic control. The relations between a number of clinical and laboratory variables were analysed including the degree of ketosis and the insulin dose given at onset of diabetes, the incidence of postinitial remission period, the fasting C-peptide level after the remission period, the level of insulin antibodies and the actual diabetic control expressed as the degree of glucosuria in the patients' urine tests at home. Multiple regression analysis was the main method used. Postinitial remission was positively correlated to initial insulin dose and negatively correlated to duration of ketonuria at onset. C-peptide, which was found in 24.1% of the patients was positively correlated to age at onset and initial insulin dose, but negatively correlated to ketonuria at onset. Diabetic control was positively correlated to insulin dose at onset and to C-peptide level, but negatively correlated to insulin antibodies. It could further be shown that patients who had received a more vigorous treatment immediately at onset had both a higher incidence of postinitial remission and a better diabetic control. The results suggest that an early diagnosis followed by rapid normalization of the metabolism at the onset of juvenile diabetes increase the possibility of preservation of some of the endogenous insulin production, which seems to facilitate diabetic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Nosocomial Outbreak of Lassa Fever in Conakry, Guinea, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is endemic in Guinea, with high seroprevalence in the forest region. However, clinical cases have been only anecdotally reported. In August 2022, a nosocomial outbreak occurred at a private clinic in the capital, Conakry, an area previously considered low risk. METHODS: Suspected cases were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction within 24 hours. Viremia was monitored during hospitalization, and whole-genome sequencing was performed in-country within 13 days of outbreak detection. Outbreak investigation involved rodent testing in the home village of the suspected primary case. RESULTS: Six cases were laboratory-confirmed, 5 of which were healthcare workers of the clinic. The case fatality rate was 16.7%. Viral RNA remained detectable in blood of survivors for a median of 26 days (interquartile range, 24-41 days) post-disease onset. Epidemiological investigations identified a suspected primary case, who had died of a febrile disease compatible with Lassa fever, had contact with all secondary cases, and had a travel history from Kissidougou area. Three near-complete and 1 partial Lassa virus genomes were recovered from the secondary cases, which phylogenetically clustered with genomes from central Guinea. Consistent with a common transmission source, the 4 genomes were almost identical. Rodent testing revealed a new reservoir area in eastern-central Guinea. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak highlights the vulnerability of healthcare settings in low-prevalence areas of West Africa to nosocomial Lassa virus transmission due to human mobility. Facilitated by capacity-building programs for viral hemorrhagic fevers, rapid diagnosis, genomic analysis, and ecological assessment enabled an efficient outbreak response and control.

Lassa Fever↗
PubMed1979

Intracerebral adrenocorticotropic hormone mediates novelty-induced grooming in the rat.

Intact male rats exhibited more grooming in unfamiliar testing chambers than in their home cages. Hypophysectomized rats showed a much reduced increase in grooming in these testing chambers. Intraventricular injections of antiserum to adrenocorticotropic hormone to intact rats decreased the grooming usually observed in the novel situation, whereas a similar injection of control serum did not produce this effect. Peripheral injections of the antiserum did not affect grooming. Since intraventricularly injected adrenocorticotropic hormone induces excessive grooming, these results suggest that the increased grooming observed in the novel environment may be at least partly due to the release of this hormone directly into the cerebral ventricular system.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2026

Wearable Sleep Monitoring in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Associations With Subjective Sleep Ratings and Neurocognitive Functioning.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are associated with increased fatigue, reduced quality of life, and neurocognitive dysfunction and have emerged as a common complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Sleep disturbances are particularly concerning given their potential to exacerbate existing neurocognitive impacts of cancer treatments. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a home-wearable EEG-based sleep device (Sleep ProfilerTM) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors as well as associations between specific sleep parameters and neurocognitive functioning. PROCEDURE: Children (ages 8-12; M = 10 years, SD = 1.6; N = 23) >6 months post-treatment for ALL were enrolled at clinical visits and wore the Sleep ProfilerTM for two consecutive nights at home, followed by neurocognitive testing of attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and processing speed. Parents completed subjective measures of child sleep, anxiety, depression, and acceptability. Feasibility reflected the percentage of children wearing the device at least one night and the percentage of nights with good EEG quality data. RESULTS: All participants wore the device both nights, with 84% meeting the threshold for good quality measurement. Few children met recommended quantity and quality sleep thresholds based on objective measurement, including 5 patients with elevated snoring levels; 43.5% of subjective ratings fell above the threshold for sleep disturbance. Greater sleep latency was associated with worse inhibitory control (r = -0.42, p = 0.046), and total sleep time was positively associated with inhibitory control and attention. CONCLUSIONS: Findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of home EEG sleep monitoring in school-age survivors, and associations of sleep latency and snoring with reduced neurocognitive functioning may offer modifiable risk factors for aspects of neuropsychological dysfunction common in pediatric survivorship. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: At the time this study was conducted, we were not required to register the study on ClinicalTrials.gov. It was a single-institution feasibility study without intervention, which was not considered a clinical trial.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and olfactory tubercle on feeding, locomotor activity, and amphetamine anorexia in the rat.

Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) and olfactory tubercle (OT) caused enhanced intake of wet mash in 23-hr-food-deprived rats tested in photocell activity cages during restricted 30-min sessions. This mild hyperphagia was accompanied by a significant hypoactivity in the group with NAS/OT lesions. No hyperphagia was observed during a prolonged 120-min test session or in free-feeding tests conducted in the home cage. Anorexia induced by d-amphetamine (.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) was unaltered by the lesion, although the locomotor stimulant action of the drug was attenuated. A second experiment showed that the NAS/OT lesion also enhanced food intake in the photocell cages during 30-min sessions with dry food pellets but that food-associated drinking was concomitantly reduced. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the behavioral changes caused by mesolimbic neuron destruction result in part from an inability to switch from one behavioral activity to another.

Anorexia↗