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PubMed1992

Hostility: relationship to lifestyle behaviors and physical risk factors.

The relationship between hostility and coronary artery disease may be partially mediated by unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. This study examined the relationship between hostility, lifestyle behaviors, and physical risk factors in 138 adult men and women. Subjects completed the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale (Ho scale) and self-reports of their dietary habits, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and physical activity. Recent findings indicated that a composite hostility score from three rationally derived subscales of the Ho scale tapping the dimensions of cynicism, hostile affect, and aggressiveness was a better predictor of mortality than the total Ho score. Thus, this composite measure of hostility and the total Ho score were used in data analyses. Measures of resting blood pressure, height, weight, and adiposity were also obtained. In men and women, both measures of hostility were positively associated with cholesterol intake and vigorous physical activity. Among women, both hostility measures were positively related to animal fat intake and negatively related to fiber intake. The composite measure was positively related to their resting systolic pressures. Among men, both hostility measures were positively related to cigarette smoking and sugar intake and negatively associated with systolic blood pressure and calcium intake. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research linking hostility to lifestyle behaviors and CAD.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Hostility in drug dependent individuals: its relation to specific drugs, and oral or intravenous use.

Although a number of studies have suggested that hostility and drug dependence may be related, there are few systematic studies of this issue. Using the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, the present study compares several drug-dependent groups of patients. Results showed that the intravenous in-patient group was more hostile on several variables than their out-patient counterparts, and also more hostile than an oral in-patient group. Barbiturate abusers were found to have high levels of hostility; amphetamine abusers were the least hostile group, and narcotic dependent patients were intermediate between the two. Correlations between scales of the HDHQ were all positive, and most were both high and statistically significant, suggesting that hostility represents a relatively generalized trait in drug-dependent subjects. The results are discussed both in terms of patient selection factors--the differential pressures on different types of patients, and in terms of direct drug effects. It is suggested that the hostility of drug-dependent patients may represent an important problem of personal functioning and may require special attention in treatment programmes.

Acting Out↗

PubMed1977

Dogmatism, hostility, aggression, and gender roles.

The relationships between dogmatism, hostility, and aggression for males and females were studied. Ss were 74 male and 109 female college students, who were administered the D Scale, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Megargee Overcontrolled Hostility Inventory, Gough-Sanford Rigidity Scale, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Significant positive relationships were found between dogmatism and hostility for both males and females (p less than .001). This confirmed theoretical formulations that postulated the more dogmatic to be pervasively hostile, rather than limited to directed expressions of hostility such as prejudice. Only for males, however, was a significant negative relationship between dogmatism and the overcontrolling of hostility found (p less than .05). In this, and other relationships, males appeared to be more able to integrate aggressive behaviors into personality patterns. While dogmatism related to several personality patterns, it had no relationship to social desirability. Rigidity and dogmatism presented essentially different personality constellations. Feelings of guilt were related significantly to disaffected patterns such as dogmatism (p less than .001), hostility (p less than .001), and aggression (p less than .05), which suggests a turning inward of feelings of anger and disappointment in addition to their outward expression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Hostility and health behaviors in young adults: the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Hostility has been associated with coronary heart disease mortality. To assess possible mechanisms linking hostility to coronary heart disease risk, the authors conducted analyses in a cross-sectional study from data collected in 1985 and 1986 on 5,115 young adults, aged 18-30 years, black and white, male and female, in four large urban areas of the United States. The results show that higher levels of hostility as determined by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale were strongly associated with tobacco and marijuana smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and greater caloric intake in both blacks and whites and in both men and women. The increased caloric consumption was evident in the higher waist/hip ratios, particularly in men (p less than 0.05). The associations were particularly strong (p less than 0.001) for tobacco cigarette smoking and marijuana smoking, with roughly a 1.5 times higher prevalence in the top hostility quartile compared with the bottom quartile after adjusting for age and education. Hostility levels were not related to the percentage of calories from fat or from sucrose intake, to plasma cholesterol levels, or to physical fitness (except for a weak association in the latter in white women). The results describe relations between hostility and health behaviors that may be detrimental to health. The findings provide a possible explanation for the association between hostility and coronary heart disease mortality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Hostility during late adolescence predicts coronary risk factors at mid-life.

Hostility, as measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, has been found to predict higher rates of both coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. To evaluate one mechanism whereby hostility might contribute to health problems, the authors used regression models to determine whether hostility measured in college (1964-1966) predicted coronary risk factors assessed 21-23 years later (1987-1990) in 4,710 men and women. Of this group, 828 had lipids measured (1988-1991). Persons with higher hostility scores in college were significantly more likely at follow-up to consume more caffeine (r = 0.043), to have a larger body mass index (r = 0.055), to have higher lipid ratios (r = 0.092), and to be current smokers (r = 0.069) than those with lower hostility scores during college. Cross-sectional analyses found significant associations of contemporaneous hostility scores with the same four risk factors, as well as with alcohol consumption and hypertension (rs ranging from 0.043 to 0.117). These associations are large enough to have possible public health significance. We conclude that hostility may contribute to health problems through its influences on several coronary risk factors across the adult life span.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Hostility measurement and its relationship to fantasy capacity.

Two-hundred and three male high school freshmen and sophomore students were administered a daydreaming questionnaire, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Rotter ISB. The latter was scored for hostility by the Renner, Maher, and Campbell method. The Subjects also rated one another on a sociometric scale measuring behavioral hostility. Subjects were divided into high and low fantasy groups. Analyses of variance were computed on the hostility measure data for 108 Subjects. The independent variables were obtained for the fantasy capacity measure and not for the peer rating measure. There was no positive correlation between the sociometric ratings and the hostility measures. In view of the results, the hostility measurement instruments are interpreted as measures of an individual's capacity to regard himself as hostile, rather than as measures of the actual hostility of his behavoir.

Aggression↗

PubMed2026

Childhood Economic Mobility and Systemic Inflammation Among Men Who Experienced Low Income in Toddlerhood: The Moderating Role of Trait Hostility.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood economic upward mobility (ie, increases in family income across childhood) may attenuate links between childhood poverty and systemic inflammation in adulthood, the extent of which may vary depending on inter-individual differences in personality characteristics, including hostility. METHODS: Men who experienced low income in toddlerhood (N=171) were followed prospectively into adulthood. Annual family income was collected 12 times when men were 1.5 to 17 years old. Men completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had their fasting blood drawn to measure circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) at age 32. Multiple linear regression analyses examined main and moderation effects of childhood economic upward mobility and adult hostility on CRP levels adjusting for income at 1.5 years, race, parent educational attainment, and adult income, education, waist circumference, and smoking status. RESULTS: Main effects were nonsignificant, but an interaction effect emerged. Counter to expectations, childhood economic upward mobility related to greater adult CRP as trait hostility decreased ( β =-0.203, P =.018). Simple slope analyses further revealed that childhood economic upward mobility was positively associated with CRP among men lower in hostility ( β =0.23, SE=0.09, P =.020) but was unrelated to CRP among men higher in hostility. Results of post hoc sensitivity analyses are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Counterintuitive findings suggest that for men who experience poverty in toddlerhood, the association between childhood economic upward mobility and adult CRP may be nuanced and even in the positive direction for men low in hostility, which aligns with work on unintended health consequences of upward mobility.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Effects of chlordiazepoxide and oxazepam administration on verbal hostility.

We compare the effects of chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, and placebo on hostility, as both an inner motivational or potential state and verbal interpersonal behavior. This article reports the findings relevant to the latter dimension of hostility and integrates them with those findings, presented in an initial report, relevant to hostility as an inner motivational state. The verbal data again support the hypothesis that chlordiazepoxide-induced increases in verbal interpersonal hostility, following frustration, are greater than those associated with placebo. With regard to oxazepam, the verbal hostility data were consonant with the motivational data that suggested that oxazepam does not substantially disinhibit hostility but did not as consistently differentiate oxazepam and chlordiazepoxide at the level of overt hostile behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Neighborhood Hostility is Associated With the Relationship Between Park Proximity and Physical Activity Among Youth: National Evidence From Chile.

PURPOSE: Physical inactivity among youth is highly prevalent worldwide. Although proximity to parks and recreational facilities is generally associated with higher physical activity (PA), unsafe or hostile neighborhood environments may limit their use. This study examined whether neighborhood hostility moderates the association between access to recreational facilities and adherence to World Health Organization PA guidelines among Chilean youth. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2024 National Physical Activity and Sport Survey of Chile, including 3,477 urban participants stratified into childhood (5-10 years), early adolescence (11-13 years), and late adolescence (14-17 years). Built environment exposures included perceived access to recreational facilities, a cumulative neighborhood hostility score (0-5). Logistic regression models were stratified by age group and adjusted for covariates. Interaction terms assessed moderation by neighborhood hostility, and causal mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Adherence to World Health Organization guidelines was low (41.9% in childhood, 43.8% in early adolescence, and 43.9% in late adolescence). Greater distance to recreational facilities was associated with lower odds of meeting activity guidelines. Higher neighborhood hostility was independently associated with lower PA levels. Among adolescents, neighborhood hostility substantially attenuated the association between proximity and activity. Mediation analyses indicated partial mediation, with effective park utilization emerging as the strongest mechanism, accounting for 21.8% of the association (p < .001), followed by psychological motivation (11.9%). DISCUSSION: Proximity to recreational infrastructure alone is insufficient to promote PA in hostile neighborhoods. Policy approaches should integrate infrastructure provision with strategies addressing neighborhood safety and promoting active engagement.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and hostile attitudes and behaviors.

We describe the influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and hostility indices that have been related to rates of coronary heart disease (CHD). The sample consisted of 120 girls and 95 boys (ages 6 to 18 years) and 141 women and 120 men (ages 31 to 62 years) from 142 families residing in an upper middle class community. Results showed little familial aggregation of Type A and hostility. Adults had higher Structured Interview (SI) Potential for Hostility ratings than did children, whereas children had higher Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-derived Hostility scores and SI Anger-In ratings than did adults. Male adults and male children had higher SI Potential for Hostility ratings and MMPI-derived Hostility scores than did their female counterparts. The heightened hostility of males may account, in part, for their heightened risk of CHD relative to females'.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Rorschach hostility content and its relation to anxiety, neuroticism and P-E-N measures.

Assessed the relationships between Rorschach hostility scores and anxiety, neuroticism, overt/covert hostility, intelligence, and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 200 (100 male, 100 female) Indian undergraduates aged 15 to 20 years. There were some indications that high hostility scores on the Rorschach tended to be worldly wise, covertly hostile, independent, stubborn, and poor fakers. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations showed six interpretable factors: Anxiety, Neuroticism, Body measures. Hostility, Psychoticism and Tender-minded, respectively. Further, it was concluded that Eysenck's Psychoticism is factorially a complex measure and that projective and direct verbal measures of hostility seem to be measuring dissimilar constructs. A few hypotheses for independent verification were proposed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Relation of hostility to medication adherence, symptom complaints, and blood pressure reduction in a clinical field trial of antihypertensive medication.

The impact of hostility was examined in relation to the conduct and results of a clinical field trial. Data were derived from a multi-center randomized double-blind study of the comparative effects of antihypertensive therapy (captopril, methyldopa and propranolol) on the quality of life of 620 hypertensive men. Hostility levels were higher in subjects reporting skipping medication dosages compared to those reporting they always complied with the medication schedule. Reporting of symptoms often associated with antihypertensive drug regimens was positively related to hostility scores throughout the study, even during the blinded placebo period. Persons with high hostility scores showed the greatest decline in blood pressure independent of type of antihypertensive medication. However, there was some limited evidence that hostility levels were significantly reduced by one antihypertensive medication. Overall, the present findings suggest that double-blind pharmacologic clinical trials may benefit from using reliable measures of hostility as covariates in the evaluation of symptom reports and amount of blood pressure reduction.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The temporal relationship between hostility and depressed mood.

Nineteen depressed in-patients were studied in a follow-up design for 8 weeks or until discharge, using three depression scales and a hostility questionnaire. It was hypothesized within a cognitive theory of depression that, self-rated hostility being a measure of negative thoughts and attitudes, changes in hostility would precede mood changes. Analysis was by contemporaneous and cross-correlations between mood and hostility measures. High intercorrelations were obtained among the mood ratings which decreased significantly over time, as did two of the four hostility measures. The hypothesis was confirmed by the cross-correlations between nurses' mood ratings and intropunitiveness and direction of hostility. The cross-correlations with Beck and Hamilton scales supported the hypothesis at a non-significant level.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Parental child-rearing styles, neuroticism and hostility of juvenile criminals (author's transl)].

It was the purpose of this study to examine the relation of parental child-rearing styles, as reported (inventory) by juvenile criminals, and the neuroticism and hostility of juvenile criminals (sample of 171 subjects). Factor analysis of inventory data resulted in the isolation of three parental child-rearing styles, labeled affection-support, rejection-hostility and control-strictness. The child-rearing styles of rejection-hostility and control-strictness were found to be significantly correlated with four factors of hostility (set of inventory scales), aggressive tension (anger, rage), reactive hostility, guilt proneness, suppression of hostility, and with two questionnaire measures of neuroticism.

Aggression↗

PubMed1977

Feelings of hostility and personal control as related to depression.

The relationships among depression, hostility, and locus of control were investigated in 58 clinic outpatients. Depth of depression was correlated positively with both covert hostility and external control, while external control correlated with covert hostility. Analysis of subscales on the hostility inventory indicated that overt forms of hostility were unrelated to depression, while the subscales of guilt, resentment, irritability, and suspicion were related positively (r = .50, p less than .005). Partial correlations suggested that the relationship between depression and external control may depend on the presence of resentment and irritability and that a combination of these covert factors with external control commonly is found in depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1992

Length of training, hostility and the martial arts: a comparison with other sporting groups.

Previous research has indicated that training in the martial arts leads to a reduction in levels of hostility. However, such research has only compared hostility within martial arts groups. The present research compares two martial arts groups and two other sporting groups on levels of assaultive, verbal and indirect hostility. Moderated multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between length of training in the respondent's stated sport and whether that sport was a martial art in predicting assaultive and verbal hostility. The form of the interaction suggests that participation in the martial arts is associated, over time, with decreased feelings of assaultive and verbal hostility.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Hostility, crime and drug dependence.

In a study of male addicts attending a London drug dependence unit, it was found that convicted addicts tended to score more highly on measures of hostility than non-convicted subjects. The differences in hostility between the convicted and non-convicted groups were most clearly seen on the violent crimes variable, although addicts convicted of drug-possession and of non-drug crimes were also more hostile than non-convicted subjects. It is suggested that hostility acts as a personality factor which predisposes the individual towards criminal behaviour, and that the more hostile subjects may also be more likely to be apprehended and convicted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Absence of hostility in outpatients after administration of halazepam--a new benzodiazepine.

A number of benzodiazepine have been shown to increase hostility and aggression. This study examines whether halazepam, a new benzodiazepine structurally very similar to diazepam, is associated with increases in hostility. Fifty-one adult outpatients in a double blind, 6 week study were randomly assigned either halazepam or placebo. Hostility was measured by changes in response on four different scales, the anger-hostility factor of the Patient Symptom Checklist and three MMPI hostility scales. The results of our study indicated that halazepam does not induce significant changes in hositility.

Adult↗