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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Structure of inclusion bodies and electron microscopic virus detection in naturally occurring inclusion body hepatitis in chickens].

Electron microscopy was used to examine the liver of chickens with spontaneous inclusion body hepatitis. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies only were established from two flocks, mainly amphophilic from one flock, and primarily basophilic from another two flocks. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were predominant in broiler chickens with dystrophic fatty degeneration of the liver, while basophile inclusion bodies were recorded primarily from parental or laying-hen chickens with reduced metabolic stress of the liver and more focal necrosis. The eosinophilic inclusion bodies consitsed of a filamentous matrix, with virus particles not safely detectable. The amphophilic inclusion bodies contained parvovirus particles, most likely adenoassociated virus, while the basophilic inclusion bodies inclused parvoviruses or adenoviruses (in flock NO. IV) or adenoviruses only (in flock No. V) in an amorphous chromatin matrix. The presence of parvoviruses in field material was taken to suggest a possible role of those pathogens in inclusion body hepatitis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural study of a patient with progressive dementia showing special intraplasmic inclusions in diffuse cerebral cortex. Mechanism of inclusions production.

Numerous inclusions were diffusely observed in the neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex of a patient with progressive dementia. These inclusions were initially produced by rough ER in the cells and gradually enlarged destroying the rough ER membranes. The nature of these inclusions was neutral mucopolysaccaride including protein histochemically. In the nuclei of the nerve cells and glial cells, some types of intranuclear virus-like inclusions were found. The first type was papova virus-like structure with high electron density measured 30--35 nm in diameter. The second type was paramyxovirus-like structure with granulo-fibrilar shape. The third type was large hexogonal core with high electron density measured 100 nm in diameter. These intranuclear virus-like bodies were not specific in the present case; however, it was speculated that intranuclear virus-like inclusions might have a deep relation to change the function of the nuclei and produced large intraplasmic inclusion bodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Organized inclusions in astrocytic and amorphous inclusions in neuronal mitochondria of human frontal brain tissue.

Brain tissue specimens were obtained early post mortem from the frontal lobe of seven unselected elderly subjects known to have been free of neurologic disease. Electron microscopically, two types of intramitochondrial inclusions were seen in four of seven cases. In two cases a few astrocyte mitochondria of the gyral white matter showed dense, elongated inclusions with an ordered linear substructure. These inclusions were, as a rule, accompanied by a row of prismatic cristae. In three cases some nerve cell mitochondria contained amorphous material of medium density and compact appearance. The globular masses often occupied the whole width of the mitochondrion. A relationship between the observed finding and a particular disease or morbid condition was not apparent. The inclusions are regarded as the morphologic substrate of a nonspecific metabolic change or degenerative process of the mitochondrion.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1976

Glycogenous hepatonuclear inclusions in the aged mouse--an electron microscopical study of the histogenesis of nuclear inclusions.

Fifty-three and 84 week old mice have been investigated for liver nuclear inclusions. Light microscopical investigations revealed a significantly higher incidence of intranuclear PAS-positive material in the 84 week old mice. Electron microscopical studies showed a continuous development of nuclear inclusions from invagination of the double nuclear membrane containing all cytoplasmic organelles in various conditions via isolation of the invaginated portion to intranuclear free glycogen as a visible final stage. During the whole process alpha-glycogen is degraded to beta- and gamma-particles. These nuclear changes are not accompanied by other pathological changes either in the cells concerned or in the surrounding liver parenchyma. These nuclear findings are attributed to specific metabolic conditions in the ageing mouse.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

A crystalline inclusion in sieve element nuclei of Amsinckia. I. The inclusion in differentiating cells.

The presence of usually single, elongated, compound crystalloids in nuclei of sieve elements is an outstanding characteristic of the phloem of Amsinckia douglasiana A. DC. (Boraginaceae). The crystalloid consists of two components forming alternating panels, or blocks, that extend through the entire length of the crystalloid and radiate from the centre where one of the components predominates. Three to seven panels for each component were recorded. One component consists of 4-sided tubules closely packed in highly ordered aggregates, the other of wider 6-sided tubules rather loosely arranged in paracrystalline aggregates. The crystalloid arises at the beginning of sieve element differentiation. Aggregates of 4-sided tubules appear first. In plants infected with the curly top virus, the crystalloids do not differ from those in non-infected controls in structure and conformation. But because the phloem in infected plants is hyperplastic, with most of the cells differentiating as sieve elements, the crystalloids are far more abundant in diseased than in healthy plants.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1979

A crystalline inclusion in sieve element nuclei of Amsinckia. II. The inclusion in maturing cells.

The compounds crystalloids formed in sieve element nuclei of Amsinckia douglasiana A. DC. (Boraginaceae) during differentiation of the cell become disaggregated during the nuclear breakdown characteristic of a maturing sieve element. The phenomenon occurs in both healthy and virus-infected plants. The crystalloid component termed cy, which is loosely aggregated, separates from the densely aggregated component termed cx and disperses. The cx component may become fragmented, or broken into large pieces, or remain intact after the cell matures. After their release from the nucleus both crystalloid components become spatially associated with the dispersed P-protein originating in the cytoplasm, but remain distinguishable from it. The component tubules of P-protein are hexagonal in transections and are somewhat wider than the 6-sided cy tubules. The cx tubules are much narrower than the P-protein or the cy tubules and have square transections. Both the P-protein and the products of disintegrated crystalloids accumulate at sieve plates in sieve elements subjected to sudden release of hydrostatic pressure by cutting the phloem. The question of categorizing the tubular components of the nuclear crystalloid of a sieve element with reference to the concept of P-protein is discussed.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1975

Effect of dose of estradiol and age of animals on intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.

Intranuclear inclusions have been examined in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil. No inclusions were identified in nuclei of newborn females, although inclusions were seen in the pituitary gland of young mature females. The number of inclusions in retired breeders was similar to that in young females. Estradiol benzoate increased the number of inclusions, although 10 mug/day for 5 or 14 days induced more inclusions than 5 or 100 mug for 14 days; significantly fewer inclusions were seen with the higher dose (2.81 +/- 0.10 inclusions per field for 10 mug and 2.19 +/- 0.01 inclusions for 100 mug). Significantly fewer inclusions were present at 3 and 4 weeks. The reduced number of inclusions may be attributable at least in part to cellular hypertrophy of mammotrophs which was especially prominent. Vacuolar inclusions predominated at 3 and 4 weeks and there were fewer membranous types than at previous times.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Effect of partial thyroidectomy, propylthiouracil or thyroxine on estrogen-induced intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.

Partial thyroidectomy caused a significant increase in the number of intranuclear inclusions per field (2-83 +/- 0-10 inclusions as compared with 0-15 +/- 0-03 inclusions for sham-controls). The inclusions occurred exclusively within mammotrophs. Thyrotrophs were stimulated: an increased cell size, numerous secretory granules, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and hypertrophic rough endoplasmic reticulum. Propylthiouracil caused similar ultrastructural changes although sighificantly fewer inclusions were observed (0-64 +/- 0-06 inclusions). Suppression of thyroid function with thyroxine produced no change in the number of inclusions (0-17 +/- 0-03 inclusions) although when combined with estrogen there were significantly fewer inclusions (1-62 +/- 0-07) when compared to estrogen alone (2-69 +/- 0-09). Intranuclear inclusions appear to be a unique reaction of mammotrophs to cellular hyperfunction in the Mongolian gerbil.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mitochondrial inclusions in human cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.

Four cases of adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract have been examined. Large electron-dense mitochondrial inclusions were found in the mitochondria of many cells; after detailed histochemical tests they could be classified into two types. The first type of inclusion consisted of clusters of electron-dense, calcium-containing granules linked to a glycoproteic substrate. These inclusions were linked to a glycoproteic substrate. These inclusions were always associated with cristae and were found in the mitochondria of cells that showed clear signs of degeneration. The second type of inclusion was found much more frequently and consisted essentially of phospholipids of which electron density was strictly osmium dependent. Their structure was usually at least partly lamellar, but in some cases it was homogeneous throughout. It is hypothesized that inclusions of the second type may have the same biological role as the morphologically identical inclusions found in the mitochondria of brown fatty tissue in the perinatal rat and in yeasts during glucose repression or anaerobiosis. The resemblance between the homogeneous variety of inclusions within the second type and the mitochondrial inclusions recently described in human leukemic lymphoblasts and monoblasts has been stressed to bring out the need for a histochemical check on the supposedly viral nature of the latter inclusions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Cytology as a guide to the presence of chlamydial inclusions in Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears in severe endemic trachoma.

Microscopical examination of 927 Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears from children with chronic trachoma in southern Tunisia showed 93 (10 per cent.) with typical trachoma (chlamydial) inclusions in epithelial cells. The accompanying cytological features were a useful indicator for inclusions. Inclusions were found only in slides with numerous polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and separation of the epithelial cells. When these two features alone were present, 3 per cent. of the smears were inclusion-positive; when many lymphocytes were present also, 25 per cent. were inclusion positive; when other cytological features (plasma cells, macrophages, blastoid, and stem cells) were present as well, 70 per cent. of the smears were inclusion-positive. The occurrence of these sets of cytological features can be a useful guide for selecting smears for intensive examination for chlamydial inclusions. Immunofluorescent (FA) staining and Giemsa staining of 527 pairs of matched smears detected trachoma agent in 67 (13 per cent.); in thirty by both methods, in thirteen by Giemsa staining alone, and in 24 by FA alone. The examination of Giemsa-stained smears for chlamydial inclusions is a useful technique for the diagnosis of trachoma or inclusion conjunctivitis by laboratories that do not have the specialized facilities for the identification of these chlamydial infections by the technically more complex procedures of immunofluorescent staining or isolation in embryonated eggs or tissue cultures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Nuclear inclusions in alveolar epithelium of patients with fibrotic lung disorders.

Ultrastructural study of pulmonary biopsy specimens from patients with fibrotic lung disease disclosed the presence of nuclear inclusions in 1% or less of cuboidal alveolar epithelial cells in 9 of 19 patients, including 6 of 12 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 2 of 3 patients with collagen-vascular disease, and 1 of 3 patients with sarcoidosis. Nuclear inclusions were not observed by ultrastructural study in 5 control patients. The inclusions consisted of masses or aggregates of tubules which probably were derived from the inner nuclear membranes. These tubules were smooth-walled, showed branchings and bifurcations, were composed of single trilaminar membranes, usually had a clear content, and ranged from 500 to 1000 A in diameter. They resembled nuclear tubules which occur in other cell types under conditions of rapid growth or specific hormonal stimulation. Statistically significant differences between the groups of patients with and without nuclear inclusions in cuboidal alveolar epithelial cells were not found with respect to smoking history, degree of fibrosis in the lung biopsy specimen, or the degree of pulmonary physiologic impairment. However, the average age of the patients having nuclear inclusions was significantly greater than that of patients not having nuclear inclusions. In addition, the frequency of indentations in the nuclei of cuboidal alveolar epithelial cells was greater in patients with nuclear inclusions than in patients without nuclear inclusions. Highly significant correlations were observed between the presence of nuclear inclusions and the presence of a) anchoring fibrils and hemidesmosomes along the basal surfaces of alveolar epithelial cells and b) multilayering of the alveolar epithelium.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of anaplasmal inclusions (Pawhuska isolate) and their appendages in intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes and in complement-fixation antigen.

Hemolysis of parasitized erythrocytes augmented visualization of the anaplasmal inclusion, including its initial bodies, inclusion membrane, and inclusion appendage ("tail" or "band"). A dense attachment complex joined the appendage to the inclusion membrane (wall of the inclusion vacuole). The inclusion appendage consisted of tightly packed, interconnected laminae and assumed loop, dumbbell, and comet configurations described by other workers. The erythrocytic plasmalemma and the inclusion membrane had a thickness of 9.0 +/- 0.8 nm and similar structures. The initial bodies were covered by a thin inner organismic membrane (7.0 +/- 0.7 nm thick) attached to the organismic chromatin, an intermembranous matrix, and by an outer membranous sheath or pellicle (12.5 +/- 1.2 nm thick). Dense granular aggregates (24 to 40 nm in diameter) within chromatin clumps were the only structures in the initial body remotely similar to ribosomes, yet they were too large, were never free of chromatin, and appeared to disappear upon hemolysis. Complement-fixation antigen prepared by fractionation contained initial bodies, inclusion appendages, a few mitochondria, vesicularized membranes, and stromal debris. The preparatory treatment caused segregation of the organismic chromatin into independent dense particles 103 +/- 12 nm in diameter still bound by inner organismic membrane. Similar particles were seen also in the plasma and inclusion vacuoles of hemolyzed erythrocytes.

Anaplasma↗
PubMed2025

Fluorescence Loss After Photoactivation (FLAPh): A Pulse-Chase Cellular Assay for Understanding Kinetics and Dynamics of Viral Inclusions.

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on host cellular machinery for replication. Upon infection, the eight genomic segments, independently packed as viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), are released into the cytosol before nuclear import for viral replication. After nucleocytoplasmic transport, the resulting progeny vRNPs reach the cytosol, accumulating in highly mobile and dynamic viral inclusions that display liquid properties. Being sites postulated to support IAV genome assembly, the biophysical properties of IAV inclusions may be critical for function. In agreement, imposing liquid-to-solid transitions was demonstrated to impact viral replication negatively. Therefore, screening for host factors or compounds able to alter the material properties may provide the molecular basis for how influenza genomic complex forms as well as identify novel antivirals. Conventional techniques employed to investigate biomolecular condensates' material properties include fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, raster image correlation spectroscopy, single molecule or microrheology particle tracking, and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). These approaches allow measuring molecular dynamics in systems that do not move very much. However, the analysis of highly mobile intracellular condensates, such as IAV inclusions, poses significant challenges as these structures not only constantly move within the cell but also exchange material, fusing, and dividing, rendering the quantitation of internal rearrangements and diffusion coefficients of molecules within condensates inaccurate. As an alternative, we opted for measuring the kinetics and the exchange of material between IAV inclusions using the Fluorescence Loss After Photoactivation (FLAPh) technique. It involves pulse photoactivation of individual or pools of viral inclusions in the cell, and chasing over time in photoactivated and non-photoactivated regions. This approach is suitable for quantifying the movement and spatial distribution of components within inclusions over time, enabling the determination of both the distance and speed from a specific cellular location. As a result, this method allows the quantification of decay profiles, half-lives, decay constant rate, and mobile and immobile fractions in viral inclusions. It, therefore, enables high throughput screenings for compounds or host factors that affect this dynamism and indirectly allows assessing the material properties of IAV inclusions.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Pancreatic inclusions and its relation to boric acid poisoning: review of the literature and report of a case.

It is known among forensic and pediatric pathologists that the demonstration of pancreatic inclusions is considered to have diagnostic significance in cases of boric acid poisoning. Fisher was the first to suggest a causal relationship between the inclusions and boric acid toxicity. Valdes-Dapena and Arey paid particular attention to the pancreatic inclusions in reviewing the literature of cases of boric acid poisoning. They found the inclusions in 6 of the 55 autopsies. This paper describes the finding of pancreatic inclusions in a fatal case of gastro-enteritis not associated with boric acid intoxication. The nature of the inclusion bodies was studied by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusions represent a non-specific autophagic cell degenerative process. Toxicological examination of postmortem blood and viscera showed no evidence of boric acid toxicity. The desirability of toxicological analysis in cases of boric acid poisoning and the restricted value of pancreatic inclusions as a diagnostic tool are emphasised.

Boric Acids↗