SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “intelligence”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1988

Ethnic and sex differences on the test of nonverbal intelligence, Quick Test of intelligence, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.

This study investigated the performance of 89 students on the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Quick Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised IQ scores for ethnic and sex differences. The sample consisted of 61 males, 28 females (37 Black, 52 White). A two-way analysis of variance and the new Duncan's Multiple Range Test were used to identify significant differences between the mean scores. The findings did not indicate any significant differences between the IQ scores with regard to ethnicity or sex. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of assessing minority group members with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised, Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and Quick Test.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Prediction of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Full Scale IQ from the Quick Test of Intelligence and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence for a referred sample of children and youth.

As part of comprehensive psychoeducational assessment procedures, the Quick Test of Intelligence, Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were administered to 89 children and youth, who varied in age from 6-4 to 16-10. The sample consisted of 61 males and 28 females, of whom 37 were Black and 52 White. Regression equations were computed that used the WISC-R Full Scale IQ as criteria and the TONI and QT as predictors. The results clearly indicated that the TONI and QT are equally good predictors of the WISC-R FSIQ. Implications for the clinician are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Subjective judgements of clarity and intelligibility for filtered stimuli with equivalent speech intelligibility index predictions.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether subjective judgments of clarity or intelligibility would be rated equally among conditions in which speech was equated for predicted intelligibility (using the Speech Intelligibility Index, SII) but varied in bandwidth. Twenty listeners with normal hearing rated clarity and intelligibility for sentence material (Hearing In Noise Test) in speech-shaped noise at six paired low- and high-pass filtered conditions in which SII was equated for each pair. For three paired conditions, predicted intelligibility increased as SII increased monotonically (0.3, 0.4, 0.5). In the remaining paired conditions, SII continued to increase monotonically (0.6, 0.7, 0.8) but predicted intelligibility was held at a maximal level (> or = 95%). Predicted intelligibility was estimated from the transfer function relating SII to speech recognition scores determined in preliminary experiments. Differences in ratings between paired low- and high-pass filtered sentences did not reach statistical significance for either clarity or intelligibility, indicating that the spectral differences at equivalent SIIs did not influence the judgments for either of the two dimensions. For conditions in which predicted intelligibility increased, both clarity and intelligibility ratings increased in a similar manner. For conditions in which predicted intelligibility was maximized, intelligibility ratings remained the same statistically across conditions while clarity ratings changed modestly. Although high correlations were observed between clarity and intelligibility ratings, intelligibility ratings were consistently higher than clarity ratings for comparable conditions. The results indicated that listeners with normal hearing produced clarity and intelligibility ratings for the same speech material and experimental conditions that were highly related but differed in magnitude. Caution is required when substituting clarity for intelligibility.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Family size and intelligence revisited: the role of emotional intelligence.

Studies examining the link between family size and intelligence have consistently found a negative relationship. Children born into larger families tend to score lower on intelligence tests than children raised in smaller families. One recurrent but unexplained finding is that the relation between intelligence and number of siblings is consistently significant for verbal intelligence but inconsistent for nonverbal intelligence. Here, we conceptualize emotional intelligence as one facet of nonverbal intelligence. The research develops a measure of emotional intelligence and uses it to test the hypothesis that emotional intelligence is positively correlated with family size. The results, based upon a sample of graduate students, support the hypothesized relationship. Implications for the study of family size and intelligence, for refining the conceptualizations and measures of nonverbal intelligence, and for leadership theory, are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Is emotional intelligence an advantage? An exploration of the impact of emotional and general intelligence on individual performance.

Emotional intelligence is an increasingly popular consulting tool. According to popular opinion and work-place testimonials, emotional intelligence increases performance and productivity; however, there has been a general lack of independent, systematic analysis substantiating that claim. The authors investigated whether emotional intelligence would account for increases in individual cognitive-based performance over and above the level attributable to traditional general intelligence. The authors measured emotional intelligence with the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS; J. D. Mayer, P. Salovey, & D. R. Caruso, 1997). As measured by the MEIS, overall emotional intelligence is a composite of the 3 distinct emotional reasoning abilities: perceiving, understanding, and regulating emotions (J. D. Mayer & P. Salovey, 1997). Although further psychometric analysis of the MEIS is warranted, the authors found that overall emotional intelligence, emotional perception, and emotional regulation uniquely explained individual cognitive-based performance over and beyond the level attributable to general intelligence.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Estimating premorbid intelligence: comparison of traditional and contemporary methods across the intelligence continuum.

The present investigation compared the North American Adult Reading Test (NAART), Wide Range Achievement Test-3 (WRAT-3) Reading subtest, Barona, and Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimate Best (OPIE) premorbid intelligence estimates in 64 chronic pain patients across three intelligence ranges. Results for the entire sample revealed that the NAART, Barona, and OPIE Best equations overestimated Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Full Scale IQ (WAIS-R FSIQ), while the WRAT-3 underestimated FSIQ. When the sample was divided into three intelligence ranges, the OPIE more accurately classified individuals with above average intelligence, while the WRAT-3 more accurately classified individuals with below average intelligence. Three methods (NAART, OPIE, and WRAT-3) provided relatively equivalent classifications of individuals in the average intelligence range. The Barona method tended to systematically under- and overestimate FSIQ across the intelligence continuum. These results suggest the potential utility of using different estimation methods for individuals in different IQ ranges, and speak to the need for development of estimation methods that incorporate current reading ability with best performance and demographic variables.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Relationships between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition.

The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test detects learning problems of young students and is a screen for whether a more comprehensive test of intelligence is needed. A study to assess whether this test was valid as an adult intelligence test was conducted with 20 undergraduate psychology majors. The correlations between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test's Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices test scores and their corresponding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition test scores, the Full Scale (r=.88), Verbal (r=.77), and Performance scores (r=.87), indicated very strong relationships. In addition, no significant differences were obtained between the Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices means of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance means of the WAIS-III. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test appears to be a valid test of intelligence for adults.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Secular gains in fluid intelligence: evidence from the Culture-Fair intelligence test.

There is no doubt about the reality of the secular increase in cognitive test scores. However, there is disagreement about a key issue: does the observed increase reflect a genuine upward trend in intelligence? Evidence from the Raven test is clear, although there are some doubts about its adequacy as a fine-grained measure of fluid intelligence. Evidence from the so-called 'method of correlated vectors' is much less clear. When a crystallized battery is considered, the results leave little doubt: the increase does not reflect gains in general intelligence. However, when a fluid battery is analysed, the increase does reflect gains in general intelligence. The present study uses one of the best available measures of fluid intelligence (the Culture-Fair intelligence test) to provide new evidence for the secular increase in fluid intelligence, beyond the findings from the Raven test and the method of correlated vectors. A total of 4498 Spanish high school students and high school graduates were tested within a time interval of 20 and 23 years, respectively. The results show that there is a clear upward trend in intelligence. Moreover, students show an average increase equivalent to 6 IQ points, while graduates show an average increase of 4 IQ points. Therefore, more selected people (graduates) show a smaller increase than less selected people (students). Some implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, a self-report measure of social intelligence.

Social intelligence is a construct that not only appeals to laymen as a relevant individual difference but also has shown promising practical applications. Nevertheless, the use of social intelligence in research and applied settings has been limited by definitional problems, difficulties in empirically differentiating social intelligence from related constructs, and the complexity of most existing measures of social intelligence. The goal of the present research was to address some of these obstacles by designing a multi-faceted social intelligence measure that is short and easy to administer. Three studies were conducted to develop and validate the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS). Study 1 examined professional psychologists' interpretations of social intelligence to derive a consensually agreed-upon definition of the construct. In Study 2, a large pool of social intelligence items were tested, and a 3-factor, 21-item scale was identified. In Study 3, the stability of this measure was confirmed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Intelligence and culture: how culture shapes what intelligence means, and the implications for a science of well-being.

This paper discusses the relationship between culture and intelligence. The main message of the paper is that intelligence cannot fully or even meaningfully be understood outside its cultural context. Behaviour that is considered intelligent in one culture may be considered unintelligent in another culture, and vice versa. Moreover, people in different cultures have different implicit (folk) theories of intelligence, so may not even mean the same thing by the word. The relationships between different aspects of intelligence can vary across cultures, with correlations that are positive in one setting proving to be negative in another. The paper opens with a general discussion of issues regarding the relationship between the two concepts. It then describes the theory of successful intelligence, which motivates our work on the interface between culture and intelligence. Finally, the article draws some conclusions.

Cognition↗

PubMed1998

Speech intelligibility assessment in a helium environment. II. The speech intelligibility index.

The Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) was measured for Navy divers participating in two saturation deep dives and for a group of nondivers to test different communication systems and their components. These SIIs were validated using the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test and the Griffiths version of the Modified Rhyme Test (GMRT). Our goal was to determine if either of these assessments was sensitive enough to provide an objective measure of speech intelligibility when speech was processed through different helmets and helium speech unscramblers (HSUs). Results indicated that SII values and percent intelligibility decreased incrementally as background noise level increased. SIIs were very reliable across the different groups of subjects indicating that the SII was a strong measurement for predicting speech intelligibility to compare linear system components such as helmets. The SII was not useful in measuring intelligibility through nonlinear devices such as HSUs. The speech intelligibility scores on the GMRT and SPIN tests were useful when the system component being compared had a large measurable difference, such as in helmet type. However, when the differences were more subtle, such as differences in HSUs, neither the SPIN nor the GMRT appeared sensitive enough to make such distinctions. These results have theoretical as well as practical value for measuring the quality and intelligibility of helium speech enhancement systems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Are genes of human intelligence related to the metabolism of thyroid and steroids hormones? - endocrine changes may explain human evolution and higher intelligence.

We propose the hypothesis that genes of human intelligence are related with metabolism of thyroid and steroids hormones, which have a crucial role in brain development and function. First, there is evidence to support the idea that during hominid evolution small genetic differences were related with significant endocrine changes in thyroid and steroids hormones. Second, these neuroactive hormones are also related with unique features of human evolution such as body and brain size increase, penis and breast enlargement, pelvic sexual dimorphism, active sexuality, relative lack of hair and higher longevity. Besides underling many of the differences between humans and great apes, steroids hormones promote brain growth and development, are important in the myelination process, explain sexual dimorphisms in brain and intelligence and improve specific cognitive abilities in humans. Supporting our hypothesis, recent studies indicate differences in neuroactive hormones metabolism between humans and non-human primates. Furthermore, a link between X chromosome genes and sex steroids may explain why the frequency of genes affecting intelligence is so high on the X chromosome. This association suggests that, during hominid evolution, there was a positive feedback in both sexes on the same genes responsible for secondary sexual character development and intelligence. This interaction leads to acceleration of development of human brain and intelligence. Finally, we propose that neuroactive hormone therapy may provide significant improvement in some cognitive deficits in all stages of human life and in cases of neurodegenerative diseases. However, further investigation is needed, mainly in the enzymatic machinery, in order to understand the direct role of these hormones in intelligence.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Prediction of contextual speech intelligibility from isolated word intelligibility measures.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two nonlinear formulae posited by Boothroyd (1978) for prediction of contextual intelligibility from measures of isolated word intelligibility with four different sets of speech intelligibility data. Both of Boothroyd's formulae, Pc = 1 - (1 - Pi)2 and Pc = 1 - (1 - Pi)1.5 (1 + Pi), provided excellent fit of measured contextual intelligibility with predicted contextual intelligibility for all sets of data. Attempts to improve correlation coefficients between measured and predicted contextual intelligibility by iterating Boothroyd's suggested exponents did not significantly improve the predictive ability of the original formulae.

Deafness↗

PubMed2001

The validity of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence as a measure of fluid intelligence.

The current investigation examined the validity of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI), an intelligence test that is purported to measure fluid intelligence. The CTONI was evaluated in comparison with the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), an established measure of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Ninety-seven adults were administered these instruments in counterbalanced order. Results indicated that the sample's mean CTONI Nonverbal IQ (NIQ) deviated significantly from the mean KAIT Crystallized, Fluid, and Composite IQs. The CTONI mean NIQ underestimated KAIT Fluid and Composite IQs when individual participants were subdivided into existing KAIT ability categories and mean score comparisons were made. Results also indicated that the CTONI NIQ correlated strongly and positively with the KAIT Composite and Fluid IQs. Furthermore, the CTONI Geometric NIQ scale clearly demonstrated discriminant and convergent validity, whereas, the CTONI Pictorial NIQ (PNIQ) did not.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Intelligibility of selected passages from the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the intelligibility of 12 of the 72 passages of connected discourse prepared by Cox and McDaniel (1984, 1989) in the development of the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. Intelligibility was assessed with a method-of-adjustment procedure in the presence of two maskers. One was a multi-talker babble with a variable S/N ratio environment that yields intelligibility scores that are potentially level-dependent because of the almost inevitable difference in speech intensity from passage to passage. The second was a signal-correlated noise with a constant S/N ratio environment that provides scores that are essentially level-independent. Two homogeneous subsets of nine passages each were identified that yield equivalent intelligibility scores. The outcome underscores the value of incorporating a signal-correlated noise masker that yields scores that are relatively unaffected by small differences in signal level among passages.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

CAUSAL artificial intelligence and data-driven decision intelligence in personalized medicine: a review of healthcare informatics systems.

This review examines the integration of causal artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven decision intelligence within healthcare informatics systems to advance personalized medicine and clinical decision-making. A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing interdisciplinary literature from major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. Studies focusing on causal inference, decision intelligence, and healthcare informatics applications in personalized medicine were included. Data were extracted on methodological approaches, healthcare settings, analytical techniques, and clinical applications, followed by thematic synthesis. Findings indicate that causal AI enhances clinical decision support by enabling estimation of treatment effects and simulation of intervention outcomes at the individual patient level. Integration of multimodal health data such as electronic health records, genomic data, and real-time monitoring improves prediction accuracy and supports tailored treatment strategies. Additionally, causal models improve interpretability, fostering clinician trust and facilitating transparent decision-making. Robust healthcare informatics infrastructures, including interoperable systems and data warehouses, were identified as critical enablers of causal analytics. Overall, causal AI represents a transformative advancement in healthcare analytics, supporting more informed, individualized, and evidence-based clinical decisions. Its integration within healthcare informatics systems has significant potential to improve patient outcomes and guide the future of intelligent, personalized healthcare delivery.

Precision Medicine↗

PubMed2006

Postsurgical outcome in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a comparison of patients with intellectual disabilities, subaverage intelligence, and average-range intelligence.

PURPOSE: Intellectual disabilities are often associated with bilateral or diffuse morphologic brain damage. The chances of becoming seizure free after focal surgery are therefore considered to be worse in patients with intellectual disabilities. The risk of postoperative cognitive deficits could increase because diffuse brain damage lowers the patient's ability to compensate for surgically induced deficits. Several studies in adult patients have indicated that IQ alone is not a good predictor of postoperative cognitive and seizure outcome. Our study evaluated this subject in children and adolescents. METHODS: Pediatric patients with intellectual disabilities (IQ < or = 70), subaverage intelligence (IQ between 71 and 85), or average-range intelligence (IQ > 85) were matched according to several clinical and etiologic criteria to determine the influence of IQ (N = 66). RESULTS: No dependency of seizure outcome, postoperative cognitive development, and behavioral outcome on the IQ level was found. All groups slightly improved in attention while memory functions tended to decrease and executive functions were stable. School placement remained unchanged for the majority of patients. Between 67 and 78% were seizure free 1 year after surgery (Engel outcome class I). CONCLUSIONS: IQ alone is not a good predictor of postoperative outcome in pediatric patients with epilepsy. As with patients of average-range intelligence, the decision to operate on patients with a low level of intelligence should depend on the results of the presurgical diagnostics. If the results of the neuropsychological examination indicate diffuse functional impairment, this should not hinder further steps, if all other findings are consistent.

Achievement↗

PubMed2005

Synthesizing cellular intelligence and artificial intelligence for bioprocesses.

Microbial processes operated under realistic conditions are difficult to describe by mechanistic models, thereby limiting their optimization and control. Responses of living cells to their environment suggest that they possess some "innate intelligence". Such responses have been modeled by a cybernetic approach. Furthermore, the overall behavior of a bioreactor containing a population of cells may be described and controlled through artificial intelligence methods. Therefore, it seems logical to combine cybernetic models with artificial intelligence to evolve an integrated intelligence-based strategy that is physiologically more faithful than the current approaches. This possibility is discussed, together with practical considerations favoring a hybrid approach that includes some mathematical modeling.

Artificial Intelligence↗