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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Outcomes of Experiencing Interpersonal Violence in Autism: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In this review and meta-analysis, we aimed to examine outcomes of interpersonal violence among autistic people. Intersectionality and minority theories suggest that negative outcomes are heightened among people with multiple marginalized identities. Thus, we also aimed to investigate gender-related outcomes of interpersonal violence among autistic people. We conducted a systematic database search with inclusion criteria including mixed methods, peer-reviewed research examining any harmful interpersonal act (e.g., physical, sexual, and psychological) experienced by autistic people. We undertook a random-effects meta-analysis with pooled data from 9 studies, comprising 3,647 autistic participants aged 1 to 80&#x2009;years. Violence was associated with worsened mental health, with the strongest association for internalizing symptoms (d&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.66, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001; 95% CI [0.51, 0.80]) and suicidal thoughts and behavior (d&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.63, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001; [0.44, 0.82]). Narrative synthesis of 57 studies comprising 37,418 participants (13,127 autistic, 24,291 non-autistic) found violence was associated with numerous adverse health, development, and functional outcomes, including worsened mental health and behavioral difficulties compared to non-autistic controls from childhood. Females and gender minorities reported greater intra- and interpersonal health and development difficulties related to violence, emerging in early childhood and enduring into adulthood. Findings provide strong evidence of lifelong negative outcomes associated with interpersonal violence experienced by autistic people, providing evidence for the relevance of minority stress and intersectionality theories in understanding risk. Indeed, our results raise concerns that autistic people, and particularly non-male (female, gender diverse) individuals, have higher susceptibility for abuse from a young age, while being conditioned to respond with social desirability, superficial adaptivity, and dissociation.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Developmental timing of index trauma exposure and accelerated epigenetic aging in United States military veterans.

Trauma exposure has been linked to accelerated GrimAge, an epigenetic biomarker of premature morbidity and mortality. Building on this evidence, the present study examined whether the type and timing of index trauma exposure are differentially associated with accelerated GrimAge. Participants were 873 European American male United States military Veterans from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. We investigated associations between self-reported age at index trauma, index trauma type (interpersonal violence, non-interpersonal trauma, or loss/instability/other), and accelerated GrimAge, operationalized as GrimAge exceeding chronological age by five or more years. Results revealed that interpersonal violence was associated with three-fold greater odds of accelerated GrimAge compared to other trauma types. Age at index trauma was not independently associated with accelerated GrimAge. However, we observed a significant interaction between trauma type and its developmental timing, even after adjusting for index trauma recency, cumulative trauma burden, and other potential confounders. Specifically, Veterans who were older at the time of exposure to interpersonal violence or trauma involving loss or instability had higher odds of accelerated GrimAge. In contrast, exposure to non-interpersonal trauma was more strongly associated with accelerated GrimAge when it occurred at younger ages. These results indicate that trauma type and timing jointly influence epigenetic aging in Veterans, highlighting the need for tailored interventions that address specific trauma characteristics to reduce associated long-term health risks in this population.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

A profile of firearm-related fatalities admitted to the Diepkloof Forensic Pathology Service Soweto medico-legal mortuary during the COVID-19 and post COVID-19 periods.

This retrospective descriptive study examined firearm-related fatalities during (April-December 2020; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;241) and after (April-December 2023; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;299) COVID-19 lockdowns using 540 cases from the Diepkloof Forensic Pathology Service, Soweto, South Africa. Data was obtained from autopsy reports, forensic records, police statements, and death scene documentation. Firearm violence affected young adult Black males (22-43&#x2009;years), with only minor demographic shifts post-pandemic. The overall burden and core patterns of violence remained stable, with criminal activity - primarily robbery and interpersonal violence - persisting as the leading contexts, and homicide the dominant manner of death. Post-COVID-19 findings demonstrated contextual shifts, including increased incidents in public and social environments, reflecting greater mobility and resumption of social activity. A significant rise in mean blood alcohol concentration (0.09&#x2009;g/100&#x2009;mL vs 0.14&#x2009;g/100&#x2009;mL; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001) suggests increased alcohol involvement following easing of restrictions. Unfortunately, persistent information gaps, noted particularly in circumstantial history, incident location, firearm type, highlighting the need for improved data provision and capture systems. While the epidemiology of firearm-related fatalities remained unchanged, the post-COVID-19 period was characterised by increased alcohol involvement, shifts toward public-space violence, and fewer gunshot wounds per victim, suggesting changes in situational and behavioural dynamics rather than underlying drivers of violence.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Wounds that echo: community perceptions of the socio-structural determinants of community violence in post-apartheid South Africa in the context of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated public health measures significantly altered the social, economic, and psychological landscape of communities worldwide. In South Africa, the post-COVID-19 period has been marked by a notable surge in homicide rates and interpersonal and community violence. Using a combined structural and social disorganisation framework, this qualitative study critically explores community members' perceptions of the socio-structural factors contributing to community violence, in the context of COVID-19. Utilising data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study examines the lived experiences of residents in a marginalised high-risk South African community, unpacking the interplay between structural inequities, social disintegration, and community violence. Community violence emerged not as periodic or individual, but as structurally generated, geographically concentrated, and socially normalised. The findings demonstrate that community violence is perceived as being embedded in cycles of survival, where long-standing systemic inequality, economic precarity, spatial disadvantage, and institutional neglect and inequity generate contexts in which community violence becomes normalised and self-reinforcing. The study findings advocate for interventions that not only address immediate catalysts of violence but also the deeper historical and structural determinants of violence in the post-pandemic era, while ensuring preparedness for effective violence prevention during future pandemics.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

[Profanities and the profane person].

The phychological aspects of language show an antithesis between learned and profane languages. The former implies control and abides by the rules of good interpersonal relationship. The latter means discontrol, violence and rupture of those rules. Profane of "forbidden" language is, always, a disturbed comunication. It shows agressive, sexual and exhibitionistic trends. It might stand for real crime at a symbolic level; and it has, in some way, a prophylactic role, fulfilling defensive needs by means of substitution. Its sexually aggressive content endangers sexual repression, therefore fostering anxiety.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

A model of violence.

The assessment of the violent individual presents a challenge to psychiatrists. Many theoretical approaches contribute to the understanding of violence, but none are totally adequate for the clinician's purposes. The assessment of violent behaviour can be undertaken using three separate dimensions--"Dehumanisation", "Acceptance of Violence" and "Rage and its Control"--which together form a framework for the formulation of clinical data. This framework is described and the relevance of theoretical contributions to the three dimensions is discussed. It is suggested that this framework assists in the classification of violent individuals and in the prediction of the potential for future violence.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: testing the lower limits of sterotyping of blacks.

In a modified 4 X 4 factorial design with race (black-white) of the harm-doer and race (black-white) of the victim as the major factors, the phenomenon of differential social perception of intergroup violence was established. While subjects, observing a videotape of purported ongoing ineraction occuring in another room, labeled an act (ambiguous shove) as more violent when it was performed by a black than when the same act was perpetrated by a white. That is, the concept of violence was more accessible when viewing a black than when viewing a white committing the same act. Causal attributions were also found to be divergent. Situation attributions were preferred when the harm-doer was white, and person (dispositional) attributions were preferred in the black-protagonist conditions. The results are discussed in terms of perceptual threshold, sterotypy, and attributional biases.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

In search of a violence-free community.

The search for a violence-free community is as old as human society itself. The author reports on a nomadic tribe having two distinctive societies, as far as aggression and violence are concerned. The roots of this divergence are studied and its direct relationship to the introduction of a new frame of reference, in regard to violence, to one portion of the tribe is demonstrated. Some of the characteristics of this new frame of reference, the Baha'i faith, are elaborated upon.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Social determinants of violence in hockey: a review.

Research on the social determinants of hockey violence is organized in this paper under three main headings: (1) the social organization of the hockey "system", (2) mass media portrayals of the professional game, and (3) the influence of players' reference others. It appears that these determinants all contribute to a social environment in which hockey performers perceive that the rewards of violence often outweigh the costs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Violence among hospitalized delinquents.

We collected data on the extent of violent behavior among 55 male and female hospitalized juvenile delinquents during a period of three years. Violent behavior was correlated with the adolescent self-image and the ratings of staff and psychotherapists. We found that violent adolescent boys have a healthier self-image and are more liked by their therapists than nonviolent adolescent boys. For the female adolescents, we found the opposite. Initially, the mental health staff liked the nonviolent delinquents better; this finding was no longer significant after the adolescents were on the unit for 13 weeks. Our discussion focuses on the individual and staff psychodynamics and cultural factors that contribute to the outbreak of violence. Our plan is to further study our data in order to better understand the phenomena of violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Defining Gaslighting in Gender-Based Violence: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

In both public and academic discourse, gaslighting has gained increased attention, especially regarding psychological abuse, power imbalance, and gender-based violence (GBV). However, the term gaslighting is often inconsistently defined and conflated with broader forms of manipulation. It is also largely examined in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), which ignores its occurrence in other forms of GBV. The present study presents a systematic review that synthesizes interdisciplinary academic literature to create a comprehensive framework of gaslighting. This framework includes the specific tactics that are used by perpetrators of gaslighting, the social-psychological outcomes experienced by survivors, and the role of systemic inequalities and social power dynamics. A search across multiple databases identified 96 records that discussed gaslighting in relation to GBV. Thematic analysis revealed a two-part framework for understanding gaslighting: (a) gaslighting tactics, which were categorized into cognitive and perceptual manipulation, emotional and psychological abuse, power dynamics and control, and additional forms of manipulation and (b) survivor outcomes, including disruptions to perception and memory, emotional distress, social isolation, and resistance strategies. The findings show that gaslighting is more than just an interpersonal act; it is sustained within social structures, where perpetrators use identity factors and forms of marginalization to exploit survivors. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive definition of gaslighting that illustrates its epistemic nature and its intersection with systemic oppression. It is suggested that future research studies gaslighting in GBV contexts beyond IPV, while practice and policy efforts should seek to enhance recognition and support for survivors.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The psychodynamics of male prostitution.

In a seventeen-month field study thirty-three male were interviewed and tentatively classified into four categories: call-boys, street prostitutes, bar hustlers, and kept boys. These classifications, though flexible, were deemed useful in exploring the homosexual psychodynamics involved. In addition, twenty frequenter of prostitutes (scores) were interviewed and the prostitute-customer relationship was analyzed and discussed.

Adult↗