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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Correction of irregular astigmatism using excimer laser MEL 70 G-Scan with the TOSCA program--introductory report].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of the corneal curvature as a result of excimer laser ablation using the TOSCA and TSA system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the First Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Silesian Medical School in Katowice, 8 patients (8 eyes) with the II and III degree of keratoconus according to the Amsler scale, including 4 women (4 eyes) and 4 men (4 eyes), were classified for the excimer laser surgery with the method of PRK with TOSCA program and TSA system with MEL 70 G-Scan (Asclepion-Meditec). The eyes did not tolerate contact lenses at all or because of peripheral location of the keratoconus. The patients were from 18 to 42 years of age (the mean age was 25.8 years). The observation period was 4 weeks. RESULTS: According to the statistical results lack of correlation between the height of the absolute corneal curvature at the keratoconus and the achieved change after the surgery was reported. The improvement of patients absolute visual acuity was improving and reached 0.2 of the unit. CONCLUSION: To sum up, we can say that the favourable effect of decreasing the irregular corneal astigmatism with the method of laser fotoablations with topography-controlled system was maintained throughout the whole observation period, which probably allowed to shift in time planned corneal transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A partial evaluation of an introductory training program in behavior modification for psychatric nurses.

The paper describes the procedures and evaluation of a four-session introductory training program in behavior modification. The program focuses on (a) basic operant therapy principles and techniques, (b) behavioral observation and recording procedures, (c) major steps in developing individual behavior modification programs, (d) an overview of target behaviors to which behavioral techniques have been successfully applied, and (e) clarification of the psychiatric nurse's role as a behavioral engineer. Training utilized lecturettes, group discussion, practice in recording behavior seen on videotape, daily practice in behavior observation, and a film demonstrating behavioral techniques. Nurses improved signifcantly in basic behavior observation skill, program planning, and in their perceptions of the changeability of a variety of behaviors . Improvements were not maintained at a 4-month follow-up. The importance of continuing training beyond an introductory stage is discussed. Subsequent stages of training necessary are described.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1970

Design and evaluation of a programmed course in introductory psychology.

The design of a programmed course in introductory psychology, utilizing an interview procedure, is described. The performance of students in this course was compared with that of students covering the same subject matter but taught in a more conventional manner. Students in the experimental course scored significantly higher on objective and essay final examinations and rated the course more positively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

The impact of a preconceptional health promotion program on intendedness of pregnancy.

The objective for this study was to determine whether a brief preconceptional health promotion program for low-income women attending family planning clinics impacts on intendedness of pregnancy. In this prospective study, we examined data on 1378 women presenting for prenatal care at three local health departments. Each of the departments offers a standardized preconceptional health promotion program in its family planning clinics. Comparisons were undertaken for 456 women who had been exposed to the family planning preconception program, 309 women who had attended the family planning clinics but had not been exposed to the program, and 613 women who were unknown to the health department before beginning prenatal care. Women exposed to information on preconceptional health during routine family planning visits, the experimental group, had a 51.8% (p = 0.064) greater likelihood of identifying their pregnancies at intended than a group known to the local health departments' family planning programs but unexposed to the intervention. Furthermore, the experimental group had a 64.2% (p = 0.0009) greater likelihood of intendedness than a comparison group not known to the health departments before the initiation of prenatal care. Our study indicates that an introductory program of preconceptional health promotion which is targeted to women not planning a pregnancy in the immediate future is associated with a higher rate of intendedness in subsequent pregnancies. Expansion of similar preconceptional programs in family planning clinics may prove a useful approach for promoting intendedness of pregnancy in low-income women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A needs assessment investigation of continuing medical education in risk management.

Training of physicians in risk management has become an important task for continuing medical education (CME) directors, particularly in states where risk management education is required for licensure. Physicians in Florida who completed an introductory program in risk management were surveyed to determine future topics for risk management education. Physicians identified desired topics using a five-point Likert-type scaling (5 = high priority; 1 = low priority) and rated 55 topics within 10 major subject areas. The means, standard deviations, and rank order of topics within the subject areas are reported. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no significant differences between surgeons and non-surgeons with respect to the subject areas. A significant difference, however, was shown, between academic physicians and non-academic (private practice) physicians; non-academic physicians gave significantly higher scores to six subject areas: malpractice, medical records, acts or omissions constituting negligence, negligence/malpractice actions, defenses, and risk management programs. The results suggest that it is not necessary to plan separate risk management education programs for physicians according to their specialty; one should note, however, the higher priorities given by non-academic physicians and consider these differences when planning advanced risk management programs.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Assessing patient-specific decalcification risk in fixed orthodontic treatment and its impact on prophylactic procedures.

This longitudinal and prospective clinical study determined the decalcification rate during multibracket treatment (mean duration, 22 months) in 80 randomized, selected adolescents divided into 4 groups of 20 patients each. The study had 2 objectives. The first was to establish whether patient selection based on predefined caries risk indicators, ie, plaque index, approximal plaque index, D(3-4)MFT/d(3-4)mft index, initial lesions, and gingiva index, carried out before the start of treatment allows for valid predictions of the decalcification risk associated with multibracket treatment. The second objective was to determine whether an extended prophylaxis regimen, including regular mechanical tooth cleaning by a hygienist, scaling, and chlorhexidine treatment, as an adjunct to an initial prophylaxis introductory program consisting of patient motivation, oral hygiene checkups, and fluoridation, reduces or prevents decalcification more effectively than initial prophylaxis alone. The results showed that patient selection based on caries risk factors provides a simple and effective method for predicting the decalcification risk in multibracket treatment (P <or=.001). The tests showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 88%, thereby proving the clinical validity of the results. Although extended prophylaxis significantly reduced the decalcification frequency in the risk group (P <or=.05) compared with the control group, decalcification frequency did not reach the low rate found in the low-risk group (P <or=.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

AORN sales professional course.

The sales professional course "Introduction to the Operating Room" offered by the AORN Center for Nursing Practice, Health Policy, and Research is an introductory program in OR etiquette. Its purpose is to provide sales professionals a working knowledge of OR protocol for them to function appropriately in OR settings. Sales professionals who have completed this course establish mutually beneficial perioperative partnerships with OR personnel. Sales professionals' effectiveness is strengthened as a result of their newly acquired knowledge of OR protocol, and patient safety is protected. An AORN Certificate of Recognition is awarded on completion of the course.

Commerce↗
PubMed1997

A philosophy of care for a neonatal intensive care unit. Operationalization of a nursing model.

Crisis reactions, a stressful environment, infant care practices, and nurse behavior may cause difficulties in entering the natural parental role for parents of infants who are admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In connection with discussions in the Uppsala NICU on what constitutes good care, a philosophy of care, based on Callista Roy's adaptation model, was formulated for the purpose of providing developmentally supportive, family-centered care, and for defining good care and the professional nurse role. The philosophy describes the infant's needs and environment. Caring activities focus on support of the infant's and his parent's roles and self-concept in their progress towards independence from professional assistance. The philosophy is an essential component in the introductory program which integrates newly recruited personnel from different disciplines into the unit. It is presented as a suggestion of how a model-based philosophy of care can be formulated by operationalization of the theoretical concepts of a nursing model.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-corrected normal values for perimetry.

PURPOSE: Age-corrected values are indispensable in assessing discrete changes in light difference sensitivity (LDS) when evaluating perimetric results. In order to detect incipient visual field defects, the present study aimed particularly to determine function of normal values depending on age and eccentricity. METHODS: A test group (n = 83) of ophthalmologically and clinically unremarkable subjects 18-74 years of age was examined with the 'Centerfield' perimeter. A brief introductory program was first used to familiarize each test person with the situation. Then values in the central visual field (30 degrees) were determined with a threshold-splitting program. In addition, the peripheral visual field was examined after a short break. RESULTS: Age-related normal values were calculated both as group averages and as lines of regression by statistical analysis of the resulting data. In contrast to other perimetric studies, decreases in LDS at different test points for persons aged 20 years to persons over 60 were not linear. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related normal values should be reviewed for other perimeters.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cultural discovery: an innovative philosophy for creative learning activities.

The purpose of this article is to describe a philosophical approach for integrating general transcultural nursing concepts and skills within a first semester associate degree nursing course. The authors wished to design a learning activity that would provide meaningful experiences and stimulate critical thinking among nontraditional, culturally diverse students who must learn to care for many clients of diverse cultural backgrounds. With a focus on culture, aging, and health, this creative learner-centered approach, called Cultural Discovery, emphasizes learning outcomes in both the cognitive and affective domains. Cultural Discovery includes several components in conjunction with the Leininger Acculturation Health Care Assessment Enabler for Cultural patterns in Traditional and Nontraditional Lifeways, specifically: background reading assignments, classroom activity component, collaborative library introductory program, videotape program, interview, literature review, reflection, and written paper assignment. Implemented over an eight week period, Cultural Discovery assisted beginning nursing students to systematically conduct a basic general cultural assessment, identify some similarities and differences among individuals within cultural groups, distinguish between varying dimensions of acculturation, and discover the importance of culturally congruent nursing care.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Experiences promoting healthcare career interest among high-school students from underserved communities.

Promoting early interest in healthcare careers among youth from underserved areas is one promising strategy for addressing the health professional shortage in such communities, Most career choice studies try to predict outcomes using such traditional measures as grades and test scores, This study examines experiences influencing healthcare career interest among high-school students participating in health professions introductory programs in underserved communities. The opinions of parents and teachers regarding students' motivations are also considered. Seven focus groups (N=51) were conducted in one rural and two largely minority urban communities in New York State designated as health professional shortage areas. Qualitative data analysis involved a theory-driven, immersion and crystallization approach following the experiential learning model. Constructive experiences with the healthcare system, family role-modeling and support, interactive health-related school activities, the media, inspirational and accessible school staff, and strategic community partnerships, among other factors, facilitated student interest in health professions. Findings suggest that underserved and disenfranchised community environments still pose challenges for furthering healthcare career interest among youth.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2006

Introducing standardized terminologies to nurses: Magic wands and other strategies.

Information technology advances have created a revolution that is transforming health care delivery. Practice, documentation, and communication are becoming data-driven. As a result, vendors are rapidly developing and upgrading their computerized clinical information systems; more health care providers are purchasing and implementing these systems. Many systems include standardized terminologies intended for use by nurses. It is imperative that nurses use these terminologies accurately and consistently in order to generate high-quality clinical data. Leaders and terminology committee members employed at practice, education, and research sites need to develop educational strategies to support nurse users as part of well-organized, systematic introductory programs Program requisites include a long-term vision, teamwork, positive attitudes, and adequate resources. This paper is designed to summarize standardized terminologies, benefits and challenges for nurse users, and educational strategies to introduce the terminologies to nurses successfully. The authors will describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation-maintenance strategies they used to introduce the Omaha System to diverse groups.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Long-term stability of anorexia nervosa treatments: follow-up study of 218 patients.

We are reporting about the stability of n = 218 female in-patient treatments of Anorexia nervosa carried out at the University Clinic at Hamburg-Eppendorf from 1965 to 1979 mainly by a special program: introductory interview (with the family present), in-patient medical treatment (bed-rest, phenothiazines, tube-feeding), strict regimen and addressing the patients' conflict situation. The average interval between the end of therapy and the follow-up examination was 9.8 years. We were able to collect data about 93 per cent (n = 202) of the former patients concerning their somatic, psychological and psychosocial status. Based on these data we could assess 30 patients (14 per cent of our basic sample) as free of symptoms while 84 patients (39 per cent) presented slight symptoms so that 53 per cent of the former patients could exercise their profession without being considerably handicapped and able to keep up a relationship with a partner. On the other hand, 39 patients (18 per cent) still showed marked symptoms at follow-up and with 19 patients (9 per cent) there were manifestations of severe or extreme symptoms. Thirty former patients (14 per cent) had died with the mortality rate distinctly increasing over the years. Possible interpretations of our results and consequences for therapy are presented.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1996

[Age-adjusted normal values with the Tübingen Automatic Perimeter TAP 2000 CC].

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of perimetric results requires a comparison with age-corrected values for the assessment of discrete light sensitivity changes. This is especially true in recording incipient glaucomatous visual field defects. The aim of the present study was to establish age-corrected normal values with the Tübingen Automatic Perimeter. METHOD: A test group (n = 85) of ophthalmologically and clinically unremarkable subjects 18-70 years of age was examined. The criteria for exclusion from the study were glaucoma or hereditary eye disease in an immediate family relative, diabetes mellitus, unstable or manifest hypertonia, multiple sclerosis, convulsive disorders, a previous stroke, or the use of psychoactive drugs. A brief introductory program was used to familiarize the test person, together with a threshold program for values in the central visual field. In addition, the peripheral visual field was examined. The threshold-splitting program of the Tübingen Automatic Perimeter 2000cc was used for examinations. RESULTS/DISCUSSION. Age-related normal values were calculated both as regression lines and group averages by statistical analysis of the resulted data. Surprisingly, the decrease found in people 20-70 years of age was in the center with 0.5 dB clearly smaller than at the periphery with 4-6.5 dB. Details of the evaluation are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Introductory statement on the progress of The National Large Bowel Cancer Project: its goals, objectives, and programs.

The introductory lecture updates the state of the art bearing on cancer of the large bowel. Topics discussed include etiological factors, the pathology of the disease, the role of animal models, the early diagnosis of the disease, including biochemical markers, with emphasis on immunology, and finally therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the immunological approaches to therapy as identified in the ongoing activities of the National Large Bowel Cancer Project. Interesting aspects of complementing the traditional ways of treating colorectal disease are noted in the discussion of new approaches to chemotherapeutic treatment based on rational developments obtained throught the study of cell kinetics and cell turnover. It is pointed out that this and other interrelationships considered in the multidisciplinary experimental and clinical approaches provide important leads toward the understanding of the mechanisms of disease, discovery of causes and means of prevention, methods of earlier diagnosis, improved rational modalities of treatment, and, one hopes, more successful management.

Adenocarcinoma↗