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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

A retrospective histological study of 669 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in clinical stage I. 4. The relation of cross-sectional profile, level of invasion, ulceration and vascular invasion to tumour type and prognosis.

A selected series of 669 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas, stage I, was studied. The series includes 86 lentigo maligna melanomas, 259 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 nodular malignant melanomas and 130 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. The cross-sectional profile, level of invasion, ulceration and vascular invasion were graded. The relation of these features to each other and to tumour type was studied by X2 tests. The prognostic value was also studied. The most common finding was a slightly elevated surface, level III of invasion, no ulceration and no vascular invasion. Most of these tumours were superficial spreading malignant melanomas. A good prognosis was associated with a flat cross-sectional profile, level II of invasion, no ulceration and no vascular invasion. A poor prognosis was associated with marked protrusion of the surface, level IV--V of invasion, ulceration and vascular invasion. Lentigo maligna melanomas tended to be more benign while nodular malignant melanomas tended to be more malignant than the average. A superficial spreading malignant melanoma could vary in either direction. The prognostic value of level of invasion and ulceration was found to be greater than that of tumour type. The prognostic importance of invasion no further than level III is stressed. Level of invasion ought to be reported to the clinician as well as the tumour type.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed2026

Nonmuscle-Invasive Recurrence and Management During Surveillance in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Who Achieve Clinical Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: Many patients are medically unfit for or refuse radical cystectomy. Few postchemotherapy bladder-sparing active surveillance programs have reported on nonmuscle-invasive recurrences and treatment outcomes. In this study, we present data on nonmuscle-invasive recurrences and their management in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database. All patients received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and were determined to have a clinical complete response (cCR) based on negative endoscopic resection, urine cytology, and cross-sectional imaging. Patient data were entered into a strict active surveillance protocol. Primary outcomes of interest were number of nonmuscle-invasive recurrences, grade and stage, and treatment. Secondary outcomes of interest were nonmuscle-invasive treatment response rate and muscle-invasive and metastatic recurrence rate. RESULTS: A total of 61 cCR patients were identified. In total, 28 patients experienced a median of 1 nonmuscle-invasive recurrence over a median follow-up of 28.3 months. There were a total of 46 nonmuscle-invasive recurrences, including 9 (20%) low-grade recurrences and 37 (80%) high-grade recurrences. Of the 37 high-grade recurrences, the majority (60%) were treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin induction. Nonmuscle-invasive recurrence was not associated with later muscle-invasive recurrence or metastasis. Genomic analysis of paired tumor samples demonstrated clonal relatedness in one patient sample while another sample demonstrated a likely precancerous urothelial field effect. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high rate of nonmuscle-invasive recurrences in patients who achieve cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, most of these patients may be safely managed with bladder-preserving treatments. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilant surveillance protocols and appropriate patient selection.

bladder cancer↗
PubMed2026

NR3C1 Modulates Wnt Signalling to Influence the Invasiveness and Immune Features of Nonfunctioning Invasive Pituitary Adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial tumours, and invasiveness in nonfunctioning invasive pituitary adenomas (NIPAs) predicts poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms driving this phenotype remain unclear. This study explored the role of nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) in NIPA invasiveness and its regulation of Wnt signalling. mRNA expression profiles of 32 PA samples were generated by RNA-seq, and proteomic data from 19 samples were obtained by mass spectrometry. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were retrieved from GeneCards. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified modules and hub genes linked to invasiveness, while machine learning methods (support vector machine, LASSO, random forest) prioritised key genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) assessed pathways associated with candidate gene expression. NR3C1 expression and function were validated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and invasion assays. Integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and immune-related datasets yielded 11 overlapping genes, with NR3C1 emerging as the top candidate. NR3C1 was significantly upregulated in NIPAs and demonstrated good discriminatory power by ROC analysis. GSEA associated high NR3C1 expression with Wnt pathway activation. Functional experiments confirmed that NR3C1 overexpression enhances the invasive capacity of PA cells. NR3C1 promotes the invasive phenotype of NIPAs by activating Wnt signalling. These findings suggest NR3C1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for invasive pituitary adenomas.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Tubulolobular invasive breast cancer: a variant of lobular invasive cancer.

Attention is directed to an apparently unique form of invasive breast cancer designated as tubulolobular invasive cancer. These neoplasms exhibit small tubules as well as cords of neoplastic cells in a lobular configuration reminiscent of lobular invasive carcinoma. The clinical and pathologic characteristics encountered in 24 examples were statistically compared with those of infiltrating ductal carcinomas without special specific features, pure tubular, and pure lobular invasive cancer. The results of these analyses as well as the morphologic characteristics of these lesions prompt the conclusion that this lesion represents a tubular variant of lobular invasive carcinoma. Short term treatment failure rates in patients with tubulolobular invasive carcinoma are intermediate between those of pure tubular cancer and lobular invasive carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

Incidence of invasive group A streptococcal infections and comparison of emm types from invasive infections, pharyngitis, and throat carriage in American Indian communities in the Southwest United States.

BACKGROUND: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities in the US have high rates of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections. We determined the incidence of invasive infections in AI communities in the Southwest and compared emm types from invasive infections, pharyngitis, and throat carriage. METHODS: Activities conducted in the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands (WMA) and Navajo Nation (NN) included active, laboratory-based surveillance for invasive GAS infections (WMA: 2019─2024; NN: 2023─2024; all ages); surveillance for GAS pharyngitis (2023-2024; children 0─17 years); and culture for GAS from oropharyngeal carriage samples (2019 and 2022─2023; children 0─14 years). Emm types were determined by whole-genome sequencing. Annual incidence rates were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: In WMA, age-standardized rates of invasive infections ranged from 80-270/100,000 persons between 2019-2024. Predominant emm types varied (n=74 isolates): 91 (59%) and 49 (32%) in 2019-2020, and 43 (40%) and 53 (30%) in 2023. In NN, rates were 40-60/100,000 persons in 2023-2024; common emm types (n=51) were 53 (28%), 101 (18%), and 12 (16%). In WMA and NN, emm types 1, 12, and 53 predominated in pharyngitis (n=190), and 1, 12, and 91 in throat carriage (n=119). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of invasive GAS infections in these communities were 3-35 times higher than the national US average (12.2/100,000 in 2024). Emm types varied over time with limited overlap in strains from throat carriage or pharyngitis isolates and those from invasive infections. Findings support continuing GAS surveillance and engaging AI/AN communities throughout vaccine development and evaluation.

Indigenous health↗
PubMed1977

T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in pre-invasive and invasive carcinoma of the cervix.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with pre-invasive and invasive cervical carcinoma, other gynaecological malignancies and controls were studied. T lymphocytes were recognized by their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E rosettes). Two surface marker characteristics were used to detect B lymphocytes: the receptors for activated complement responsible for erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) rosette formation, and surface membrane immunoglobulin (SMIg), which is readily stainable by immunofluorescence. There was a significant depression in T cells in association with invasive but not pre-invasive cervical carcinoma. The results for B cells varied according to the method used for their detection. EAC rosette-forming (EAC-RFC) were significantly raised in patients with invasive cancers but not in patients with pre-invasive cancer. SMIg-bearing cells were not significantly altered by the presence of malignant disease. The changes in E-RFC and EAC-RFC numbers were more marked in patients with extensive cancers. Possible functional implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The significance of vascular invasion and lymphocytic infiltration in invasive cervical cancer.

Surgical specimens from 100 patients with stage I B cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were reviewed with respect to vascular invasion and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Lymph nodes from these patients were classified morphologically according to the criteria proposed by Cottier. Vascular invasion was associated with a significant increase in nodal metastases and tumor recurrence particularly to extrapelvic sites. A marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate around tumor cells was associated with decreased nodal metastases and tumor recurrence. There was no significant relationship between the degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the primary tumor and regional lymph node morphology.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Levamisole in the treatment of non-invasive and invasive bladder cancer: a preliminary report.

We have done a double-blind, randomized, controlled study on 37 patients with transitional cell carcinoma in which levamisole was used as an immune adjuvant in addition to the standard therapy for non-invasive and invasive bladder cancer. Levamisole is administered easily and is well tolerated, especially when compared to other immune adjuvants, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin or Corynecbacterium parvum. Recall antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity and total lymphocyte count demonstrated little correlation to the initial stage of disease. Monocyte chemotaxis was increased significantly in patients receiving levamisole. Since our study is ongoing on data exist as yet to make any statement regarding the efficacy of levamisole in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Left atrial myxoma moving from right atrium to left ventricle. Non-invasive and invasive techniques and surgical findings.

A case of left atrial myxoma, prolapsing through a large atrial septal defect during systole and through the mitral valve orifice during diastole, is presented. To our knowledge this is the third such case and only the second one in which the diagnosis was made before operation. Echocardiography and phonocardiography were of great value in establishing the diagnosis of left atrial myoxoma; the features before and after operation are presented. In this patient the "swinging" of the tumor in the left atrium and in the left ventricle was echocardiographically visible. Correlations of tumor movement and heart sounds could be made. The diagnosis of a 36% left-to-right shunt on atrial level could not be made with the help of non-invasive techniques alone; cardiac catheterization revealed the shunt. The role of non-invasive techniques and of cardiac catheterization is discussed, together with a review of the relevant literature.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1976

[Artificial intranasal bacterial invasion in the newborn calf. 2. Artificial bacterial invasion using gram-positive and gram-negative strains].

A micrococcal and a diplocaccal strain isolated from the nasal space of a clinically intact nursed calf were used for artificial bacterial invasion in the first phase of the experiment. Application of bacterial suspension prepared from those strains had no effect upon the rise of coli counts in the nasal secretion of nursed calves during their first days of age nor upon the morbidity or mortality of all 677 test animals in comparison to 665 controls. Therefore, an avirulent E.-coli strain was used in subsequent bacterial invasion experiments. The strain was retrievable up to the seventh day of age, the count having been about 10(5) bacteria per gram nasal secretion. Application of a bacterial suspension prepared from that E.-coli strain did not reduce morbidity and mortality among 820 test animals that were compared to 809 controls. Results are discussed in this paper with reference to literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The fine structure of neoplastic invasion: invasion of liver, skeletal muscle and lymphatic vessels by the Rd/3 tumour.

Neoplastic invasion as seen in the rat Rd/3 neoplasm has been studied electron microscopically in three sites: abdominal wall, footpad and liver. This neoplasm invades by peripheral cell division and active cell migration. Neoplastic cells protrude many fine processes and compress host cells. Neoplastic cells invade lymphatic vessels in a way similar to that in which white blood cells penetrate them - by the protrusion of fine cytoplasmic processes and passage, sometimes in clumps through open cell junctions. There is no ultrastructural evidence of secretory phenomena.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2026

Comparative proteomics reveals distinct functions and localization of invasive Entamoeba histolytica and non-invasive Entamoeba moshkovskii proteins.

BACKGROUND: Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic protozoan accountable for amoebiasis, while Entamoeba moshkovskii is considered non-invasive. Despite morphological similarity, the molecular mechanisms underlying their different pathogenicity remain largely undefined. METHODS: Trophozoite proteins from axenic cultures of E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii were separated and identified using GeLC-MS/MS, and classified using Gene Ontology. Selected and differentially expressed proteins were validated by peptide-specific antibody production, ELISA, and immunofluorescence to determine cellular localization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 1,077 and 1,201 proteins were identified from E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii, respectively. The 801 of Entamoeba common proteins included kinases, GTPase-activating proteins, and heat shock proteins, reflecting conserved cellular processes. E. histolytica-unique proteins involved in nitrogen compound metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, and catalytic activities, whereas E. moshkovskii proteins were related to lipid metabolism and environmental resilience. Subcellular localization revealed species-specific distribution of MmpL and AIG1-family proteins, suggesting potential roles in pathogenicity and host-immune response. A large proportion of hypothetical proteins was identified, highlighting gaps and opportunities for future study. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights conserved and divergent functions and cellular locations of Entamoeba species-specific proteins as insights for distinct pathogenicity and adaptation. MmpL and AIG1 proteins were proposed as potential targets for further diagnostic and therapeutic development.

Proteomics↗
PubMed1978

The differentiation of invasive and non-invasive Entamoeba histolytica by isoenzyme electrophoresis.

Cultures of 85 stocks of Entamoeba histolytica were compared by electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes: glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and L-malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating). Four groups of E. histolytica stocks have been distinguished. 18 of these stocks were derived from individual patients with clinical amoebiasis and all of these were of one enzyme group, which did not occur among the other stocks.

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lysosomal enzymes in the neoplastic pathology of the uterine cervix. Study of acid phosphatase in the diagnostic test of vaginal secretions in patients with pre-invasive and invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. I. Methods and preliminary experiences].

Gomori's method was used in the detection of positive -- or negative -- phosphatase granulations and their intracellular locations in vaginal secretions from 10 normal women and 20 patients with cervical neoplasia in various stages. Positive-phosphatase granulations were absent in normal subjecta and those with advanced neoplasia, whereas mainly large and medium-sized paranuclear positive granulations were a prominent feature of epithelial cells from patients from state 0-ToNoMo carcinomas. Further details will be given in a second note.

Acid Phosphatase↗