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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Randomized study of local control and survival following radical surgery or radiation therapy in oral and laryngeal carcinomas.

From 1971 to 1975, 100 patients with glottic, supraglottic, and oral cavity lesions were prospectively randomized between primary radiation treatment and primary surgery. Local control and survival were similar with either treatment for lesions of the oral cavity or supraglottic larynx. Comparison between radiation alone and surgery alone for T1 and T2 glottic laryngeal lesions showed local control rates of 76% and 100% (P=0.32); after secondary salvage attempts, local control rates were 82% and 100%, respectively (P= 0.52). Neither result approached statistical significance. Successful radiation for early glottic larynx lesions resulted in superior deglutition and equivalent voice function compared to successful primary treatment with conservation laryngectomy. For oral cavity lesions, swallowing was impaired in the same percentage of radiated and operated patients, but fewer primary radiation patients had articulation difficulties. Among the patients with supraglottic larynx lesions, aspiration was not a problem with either radiation or surgery, but successful radiation perhaps maintained a slightly better voice quality.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoma of the prostate: local control with external beam radiation therapy.

Local clinical control of the primary disease was evaluated in 209 patients with stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive external beam radiation therapy and followed for a minimum of 2 years. Of these patients 92 per cent required no further prostatic operations for obstruction. Prostatectomy before therapy did not necessarily prevent later prostatic obstruction from occurring. Of 129 patients who had only a needle biopsy before irradiation 90 per cent had improvement of the obstructive and/or irritative symptoms as tumor regression occurred with therapy and these patients did not require a later prostatic operation for obstruction. Stricture formation occurred in 8 per cent of the patients and was not influenced by the type of preirradiation prostatic operation done. If transurethral resection was reuqired after irradiation it was technically more difficult but the morbidity was acceptable. The incidence of hematuria and incontinence was far less than that reported in non-irradiated patients with this disease. Most tumors exhibited a down-grading effect after irradiation. There were no deaths attributable to the treatment. Over-all, 83 per cent of the 209 patients had no urinary complaints after completion of therapy. From a urological viewpoint, good clinical local control is achieved in the patient with stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with external beam radiation therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Local control of pulmonary resistance and lung compliance in the canine lung.

Local control of pulmonary resistance and lung compliance was studied in the in situ left lower lobe of the canine lung. Recirculation of blood through the lobe while the Pco2 of the ventilatory gas was varied resulted in an increase in resistance and a decrease in compliance only when the pulmonary venous pH was greater than 7.42. Alternating sodium bicarbonate and lactic acid infusion while alveolar Pco2 was maintained below 5 mmHg demonstrated the dependence of the hypocapnic response on the acid-base status of the blood perfusing the respiratory airways. The increase in resistance and decrease in compliance observed at a pulmonary venous pH of 7.64 was comparable to that observed after lobar pulmonary artery occlusion. Varying degrees of hypoxia did not significantly affect bronchomotor tone, nor was the bronchoconstriction following lobar pulmonary artery occlusion affected by the hypoxia. Vagal stimulation superimposed on a stepwise increase in pulmonary venous pH from 7.32 to 7.62 resulted in an increase in resistance which paralleled the increase in resistance when pulmonary venous pH alone was increased. Compliance was not significantly affected by vagal stimulation at any level of pulmonary venous pH.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of thoracic irradiation and chemotherapy on local control and survival in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

The records of all patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung seen in the Division of Therapeutic Radiology at The Medical College of Wisconsin from 1971 through 1977 were reviewed. Of 69 patients (34 with limited disease and 35 with extensive disease), 35 received irradiation only, nine received local plus total-body irradiation, and 25 received irradiation plus chemotherapy. In spite of the prompt response of the tumor, 16 of 35 patients who were only irradiated failed locally. Two patients who received local plus total-body irradiation failed in the chest. Only four of 25 irradiation plus chemotherapy patients failed locally in spite of much lower doses of thoracic irradiation. Limited-disease patients who had local control by irradiation had a slight increase (29 vs 22 weeks) in median survival. Patients receiving irradiation plus chemotherapy (three with limited and 22 with extensive disease) survived for a median of 56 weeks if the local tumor was controlled and for a median of 28 weeks if there was local failure. Regardless of therapy, survival beyond the median is greatly influenced by local tumor control.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Relation between time-dose and local control of operable breast cancer treated by tumorectomy and radiotherapy or by radical radiotherapy alone.

67 patients with tumors 3 cm or less and with negative axilla, who had lumpectomy and radiotherapy, and 122 patients with larger tumors or clinically positive axilla, who had radical radiotherapy without prior lumpectomy, were evaluated at five years to determine the optimum dose for local control. 7000 rad in seven to eight weeks controlled 85% of lumpectomy cases, whereas 8000 rad in 81/2 weeks were required to control two-thirds of cases treated by radical irradiation alone. Subclinical (N0, N1a) and clinical disease (N1b) in the axilla was controlled, in a very high percentage, when 6000 and 7000 rad were delivered, respectively. Dose response curves were obtained for clinical disease in the breast and axilla. No such response was elicited for subclinical disease. Undifferentiated cancers had higher recurrence rates than well differentiated tumors. Radiation fibrosis in lumpectomy cases was insignificant, whereas 10% of radically irradiated patients had fibrosis of the breast.

Axilla↗
PubMed1978

Dose-time relationships and the local control of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Since 1971, 66 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung--32 with limited and 34 with disseminated disease--have received irradiation to the primary tumor. There were 20 local failures, 90% of which were apparent within 30 weeks of the start of irradiation. Patients were treated with local irradiation only (32), irradiation plus combination chemotherapy (25), or local plus total body irradiation (9). With local irradiation alone, tumor control increased with increasing biologic dose. When chemotherapy or total body irradiation was added, doses of irradiation that were otherwise insufficient for local control proved to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Local control of neurite development by nerve growth factor.

A three-chamber culture system was devised in which neurites growing from small clusters of somas of sympathetic neurons penetrated a virtually fluid-impermeable barrier; thus the local fluid environment of the distal portions of the neurites could be controlled independently of the local fluid environment of the somas and proximal portions of the neurites. Neurites regularly penetrated the barriers if a high concentration of nerve growth factor was present on both sides, but never penetrated into chambers to which no nerve growth factor had been added. After neurites crossed the barrier, local removal of nerve growth factor from the distal portions of the neurites caused the growth of these portions to stop, and they eventually appeared to degenerate even though nerve growth factor was continuously present in the chamber that contained their somas and proximal portions. In contrast, local nerve growth factor was not required at the somas and proximal portions of the neurites; many neurons survived its withdrawal provided their somas were associated with neurite bundles that crossed into a chamber containing nerve growth factor. These results show that the growth, and probably the survival, of neurites depends upon nerve growth factor in their local environment, regardless of the nerve growth factor concentrations to which other portions of the neuron are exposed. This is entirely consistent with the notion that nerve growth factor released by sympathetic target tissues promotes the establishment and maintenance of appropriate neuron-target connections during development.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Proposal for a program in particle-beam radiation therapy in the the United States. A report from the Committee for Radiation Oncology Studies (CROS) and its Particle Subcommittee.

The Program for Particle Therapy proposes utilization of hospital-based particle generators in a nationwide program to evaluate, through meaningful clinical trials, particle radiation therapy and the impact its utilization can have in cancer care. The scientific rationale for use of particle therapy compared to conventional radiation in the effort to achieve uncomplicated local control of cancer, to heal, cure and palliate the patient, indicates the advantages of particle therapy consist of either or both a) enhanced biological effect and b) physical properties leading to improvement in dose distribution. It has been estimated that in tho control local-regional cancer. Any new modality enabling the therapist to increase dose to tumor, while sparing critical normal tissue, can enhance local control and benefit systemic therapy. Limited clinical trials to date warrant further definitive clinical study of particle beams. Physical and biologic considerations of fast-neutron beams have been essentially completed; equipment design, availability, and predicted reliability are good; and the medical community has indicated support of further study. A major clinical investigation can be implemented to provide the scientific basis for judging clinical merit of use of high LET radiations. Concurrently, the first phase of work can be started with protons, negative pions, and heavy ions. It is anticipated that clinical results will accrue much more rapidly with hospital-based units for clinical trials; this Program proposes this transfer of particle technology from the laboratory to such hospital-based facilities in two phases, over a 10-year period.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2026

Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for spine multiple myeloma-a systematic review.

Spinal involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) commonly results in pain, vertebral instability, epidural spinal cord compression, and neurological deficits. Although conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) remains the standard radiation modality because of the radiosensitive nature of MM, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a highly conformal treatment option capable of delivering focal high-dose radiation while sparing adjacent spinal cord structures and uninvolved bone marrow. This systematic review evaluated the clinical outcomes and safety profile of SRS for spinal MM. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies evaluating SRS for spinal MM. Extracted variables included patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment parameters, radiographic outcomes, pain response, neurological outcomes, local control, overall survival, and adverse events. Three retrospective studies comprising 133 patients and 181 treated spinal lesions met the inclusion criteria. Median patient age ranged from 59 to 65 years, with a slight male predominance across studies. Thoracic spine lesions represented the most treated region (55.5-67.7%). Median prescribed SRS dose was 14-16 Gy, predominantly delivered in a single fraction. Median follow-up ranged from 11.2 to 27.8 months. Local control rates ranged from 89.4 to 100%, with 6- and 12-month local control rates of 94% and 91%, respectively, in one study. Pain improvement was reported in 41-88% of treated patients/sites, with a median time to pain relief of 1.6 months in one cohort. Neurological improvement occurred in 56-71.4% of patients with preexisting deficits. Reported adverse events included vertebral compression fractures, fracture progression, pain flare, and tracheoesophageal fistula. De novo vertebral fractures ranged from 3.6 to 7%, while fracture progression ranged from 14 to 18%. SRS appears to provide excellent local control and meaningful pain and neurological improvement in patients with spinal MM, with acceptable toxicity profiles. The highly conformal nature of SRS may preserve uninvolved bone marrow and facilitate continuation of systemic therapy. However, the current evidence is limited to small retrospective studies with heterogeneous reporting, and further prospective comparative studies are needed to better define the role of SRS relative to conventional EBRT in spinal MM.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Enhancement of local tumour control by misonidazole and hyperthermia.

Combination treatment of a C3H mammary carcinoma with misonidazole, hyperthermia and radiation resulted in greater local tumour control than with any of these agents singly or in pairs. Dose modification factors for the 3-fold combinations were 3.28 when tumours were immersed in a 42.5 degree C waterbath for 1h after irradiation, and 5.03 at 43.0 degrees C. Cytotoxicity of misonidazole alone was slight, as reflected histologically and in tumour growth. Hyperthermia had a marked effect on these two parameters. Foot damage by hyperthermia was greatest when feet were taped.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Application of the mathematics of coupled oscillator systems to the analysis of the neural control of locomotion.

In many animals, the activities of limb motor neurons are rhythmic during locomotion. In some animals it is known that each limb is innervated by a local control center that resides in a discrete portion of the central nervous system. Each local control center is a biological oscillator. Since each limb moves with the same frequency as each other limb and with regulated phase delay with respect to each other limb, then it follows that the local control centers are coupled to one another. The locomotory pattern generator within the central nervous system is therefore a coupled oscillator system. The mathematics of coupled oscillator systems can assist in the construction of a model of the neural pattern generator. This model can be utilized to formulate testable predictions concerning the neural control of locomotion. Experimental data gathered from organisms in several phylums are consistent with the predictions of the model.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

Combined therapeutic approach to malignant lacrimal gland tumors.

The medical records of 13 patients with primary malignant lesions of the lacrimal gland revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma as the most common malignant tumor. The histologic cell type, neural invasion, and bony destruction were correlated with localized control and ultimate survival. Surgical removal of the lacrimal gland was adequate treatment for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma confined to the gland itself. Combining a radical surgical removal of the area in planned sequence with high voltage radiation therapy offered the only reasonable hope for localized control in the more aggressive cell types or in tumors with neural invasion or bony involvement. A 40%-localized control and survival rate was achieved in the adenoid cystic carcinoma group of patients. Radiation therapy administered for cancer that obviously recurs after surgical resection was generally unsuccessful.

Adenocarcinoma↗