SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “low-dose CT screening”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

A reanalysis of the Hitachi cohort study evaluating the effectiveness of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer.

The effectiveness of low-dose thoracic computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer for non-smokers or light smokers has been unclear. The results of the Hitachi cohort study performed by the conventional multivariable analysis suggested the reduction of lung cancer mortality by thoracic CT screening, but also revealed the lower all-cause mortality in the CT group, which indicated the existence of self-selection bias. Because the background of the subjects in the CT screening group and that in the X-ray screening group were very different, it is critical to adjust appropriately the confounding factors. In this brief report, we describe a re-evaluation of the results of the Hitachi Cohort Study performed by using more flexible methods, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting.

epidemiology/public health↗

PubMed2026

Stage shift, histological differentiation, and survival patterns of lung squamous cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma in low-dose CT screening.

BACKGROUND: Whether LDCT-associated stage shift translates into similar survival patterns across lung cancer histologies remains uncertain. We compared stage shift, histological differentiation, tumor characteristics, and survival between lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the National Lung Screening Trial. METHODS: Among participants diagnosed with LUSC or LUAD, stage distribution and histological differentiation were compared between LDCT and chest X-ray (CXR) arms. Survival among diagnosed cases was measured from randomization. Multivariable models tested screening arm-by-histology interactions. Screen-detected LDCT tumors were compared by histology. RESULTS: During 6.5 years of median follow-up, 498 LUAD and 249 LUSC cases were diagnosed in the LDCT arm, and 374 and 212, respectively, were diagnosed in the CXR arm. LDCT was associated with higher odds of stage I disease for LUAD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.48; 95% CI 1.88-3.28) and LUSC (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.17-2.48), without significant interaction (P = 0.116). LDCT was associated with lower hazard of lung cancer-specific death among diagnosed LUAD cases (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.54; 95% CI 0.43-0.66), but not among diagnosed LUSC cases (aHR, 1.04; 95% CI 0.78-1.39; P for interaction<0.001). LUSC had lower screening sensitivity, more frequent detection in annual screening rounds, greater prediagnostic tumor size increase, and fewer well-differentiated stage I tumors than LUAD. CONCLUSION: LDCT was associated with stage shift for both subtypes, but favorable survival patterns among diagnosed cases were mainly observed for LUAD. Lower screening sensitivity, greater prediagnostic tumor size increase, and poorer histological differentiation may help explain why stage shift did not translate into similar survival patterns for LUSC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00047385.

Humans↗

PubMed2024

The Growth of Screening-Detected Pure Ground-Glass Nodules Following 10 Years of Stability.

BACKGROUND: It remains uncertain for how long pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) detected on low-dose CT (LDCT) imaging should be followed up. Further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to determine the optimal follow-up duration for pGGNs. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the percentage of enlarging nodules among pGGNs that have remained stable for 10 years? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study originating from participants with pGGNs detected on LDCT scans between 1997 and 2006 whose natural courses were reported in 2013. We re-analyzed all the follow-up data until July 2022. The study participants were followed up per our institutional guidelines until they were no longer a candidate for definitive treatment. The growth of the pGGNs was defined as an increase in the diameter of the entire nodule by ≥ 2 mm or the appearance of new solid portions within the nodules. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients with 135 pGGNs were followed up for a median of 193 months. Of 135 pGGNs, 23 (17.0%) increased in size, and the median time to the first detection of a size change was 71 months. Of the 135 pGGNs, 122 were detected on the first LDCT scan and 13 were newly detected on the follow-up CT scan. An increase in size was observed within 5 years in 8 nodules (34.8%), between 5 and 10 years in 12 nodules (52.2%), and after 10 years in three nodules (13.0%). Fifteen nodules were histologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma by surgery. Among the 76 pGGNs stable for 10 years, 3 (3.9%) increased in size. INTERPRETATION: Among pGGNs that remained stable for 10 years, 3.9% eventually grew, indicating that some pGGNs can grow even following a long period of stability. We suggest that pGGNs may need to be followed up for > 10 years to confirm growth.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

MULTIPREVENT: Integrated screening for smoking-related multimorbidity using low-dose chest computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption, combined with individual genetic predispositions, contributes to an age-dependent risk not only for lung cancer but also for other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoporosis, and diabetes. The MULTIPREVENT project aims to validate whether low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest, combined with simple biomarkers, functional tests, and genomic profiling, can serve as an effective tool for comprehensive health assessment and risk prediction of multimorbidity in adults. STUDY DESIGN: The study is based on a prospective epidemiological design involving 3000 participants from the MOLTEST-BIS lung cancer screening cohort (2016-2018). These participants, aged 50-79 years (during MOLTEST-BIS) and with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years, will undergo two follow-up assessments in 2025-2027 and 2030-2032. METHODS: Each follow-up includes LDCT, spirometry, standardized blood pressure measurement, anthropometric evaluation, biomarker assessment (lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), glycated haemoglobin), and health-related questionnaires. Genetic profiling will be performed using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Arrays approach to identify inherited predispositions to major NCDs. All data, clinical, imaging (including radiomics), molecular, and genetic, will be integrated through machine learning algorithms to develop AI-based risk prediction models. RESULTS: The MULTIPREVENT study is expected to generate a wide range of scientific, clinical, and infrastructural results that will serve as a foundation for future public health initiatives in integrated prevention. CONCLUSIONS: By linking imaging and biochemical markers, genetic susceptibility, and clinical parameters within a longitudinal design, MULTIPREVENT will establish data-driven, AI-supported prevention strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality among adults exposed to tobacco. The project will also serve as a model for population-based multimorbidity prevention programs.

Humans↗