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Results for “mucus obstruction”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Enhancement of the viscosity of mucin by serum albumin.

The interaction of serum albumin with a model epithelial mucin from pig stomach was explored by rotary viscometry. During 30 min of incubation of human serum albumin(20mg/ml) and pig gastric mucin (8mg/ml) in iso-osmotic buffers at 37 degrees C, the solution became markedly viscous. Viscosity enhancement was proportional to albumin concentration (2-40mg/ml), was most pronounced under conditions of low shear rate (less than 45S-1), and was considerably greater than the additive or multiplicative viscosity values calculated from albumin or mucin solutions measured separately. The viscous mucin-albumin complex was destroyed by high shear rates (greater than 90S-1), but slowly re-formed under zero shear conditions. Elevation of pH (7 to 9), ionic strength (0.1 to 1.0), and addition of disodium EDTA (5mM) did not cause marked or specific alterations in the viscosity of the mixture, suggesting that electrostatic interactions probably do not stabilize mucin-albumin complexes. Urea (7M) and heating (35 to 55 degrees C) caused a major increase in the viscosity of mucin and mucin-albumin mixtures, suggesting that rupture of hydrogen bonds, unfolding and partial denaturation of mucin promotes greater intertangling (possibly hydrophobic interactions) between mucin and albumin molecules. The implications of mucin-albumin interaction in diseases associated with mucus obstruction are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Mucous membrane specific protease inhibitors in bronchial mucus in severe chronic obstructive bronchitis and in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency syndrome].

In the bronchial mucus of 40 patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases we measured proteolytic activities, the total protein concentrations, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and the free and bound proteinase inhibitors together with the total proteinase inhibition against trypsin and chymotrypsin. Without exception we always found free proteinase inhibitors together with proteolytic activities. The free-to-bound inhibitor rate was approximately 1:1 alpha1-Antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was measured in sputum only in very low concentrations. One patient with alpha1-anti-trypsin deficiency had no alpha1-antitrypsin, but high concentrations of total proteinase inhibitor-free and bound being in the same relation - in his bronchial mucus. In the alveolar part of the lung, the humoral proteinase inhibitors were effective. In the bronchial part of the lung the specific mucosal inhibitors had the decided importance. The proteinase inhibition of the mucosa-specific inhibitors is probably of great importance for the pathogenesis of airway obstruction, while the humoral proteinase inhibitors are responsible for the pathogenesis of emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The "IgA secretory component complex" in bronchial mucus in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease under different therapy (author's transl)].

The concentration of "IgA secretory component complex" in the bronchial mucus was measured under different therapeutical influences. The "IgA secretory component complex" is a most important factor of the exogenous immunodefense. The formation of the "IgA secretory component complex" was independent from the age of the patients and from the intensity of their airway obstruction. Therapy with glucocorticosteroids and antibiotics had no certain influence on the formation of the immunocomplex. We did not find any certain influence of gammaglobulin therapy in adult patients with chronic airway obstruction, neither on the "IgA secretory component complex" nor on the immunoglobulin G, A and M. Furthermore, the clinical course of the disease was not influence by this therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucociliary transport.

Our laboratory has developed bronchofiberscopic and roentgenographic techniques to measure tracheal, bronchial and nasal mucus velocities in humans and animals. We found that inhalation of specific antigen is associated with depression of tracheal mucus velocity in dogs who may or may not display bronchospasm and the mediator for this phenomenon might be SRS-A. Corroboration of the depression of tracheal mucus transport after ragweed inhalation has been obtained in susceptible asthmatic patients; prior inhalation of cromolyn blocks this reaction. Depression of tracheal mucus transport may be the earliest adverse manifestation of cigarette smoking in young subjects. Slowing of mucus transport in the bronchi occurs after suctioning with suction catheters; a newly designed suction catheter tip, the Aero-Flo, displays less adverse effects on mucus velocity than standard end hold and side hole catheters. Nasal mucus velocity is enhanced by nasal decongestants, ingestion of hot fluids and exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intermittent jaundice by tumor emboli from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Free-floating tumor debris or mucobilia as a cause of intermittent obstruction has been described infrequently. A patient with intermittent jaundice caused by tumor emboli from an intrahepatic polypoid mucinous cholangiocarcinoma is presented. Symptoms of intermittent jaundice and midepigastric pain persisted over 5 years despite an initial cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration before definitive diagnosis and treatment of an hepatic trisegmentectomy (segments II, III, and IV). Intraductal mucin was confirmed intraoperatively and pathologically as the cause of the obstructive jaundice. The patient remains asymptomatic and without evidence of disease more than 5 years postoperatively. This report of a predominantly mucin-producing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma details a rare protracted clinical course of intermittent biliary obstruction from mucus emboli and highlights the possibility of long-term survival after complete resection.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed2022

Cystic Fibrosis Airway Mucus Hyperconcentration Produces a Vicious Cycle of Mucin, Pathogen, and Inflammatory Interactions that Promotes Disease Persistence.

The dynamics describing the vicious cycle characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, initiated by stagnant mucus and perpetuated by infection and inflammation, remain unclear. Here we determine the effect of the CF airway milieu, with persistent mucoobstruction, resident pathogens, and inflammation, on the mucin quantity and quality that govern lung disease pathogenesis and progression. The concentrations of MUC5AC and MUC5B were measured and characterized in sputum samples from subjects with CF (N = 44) and healthy subjects (N = 29) with respect to their macromolecular properties, degree of proteolysis, and glycomics diversity. These parameters were related to quantitative microbiome and clinical data. MUC5AC and MUC5B concentrations were elevated, 30- and 8-fold, respectively, in CF as compared with control sputum. Mucin parameters did not correlate with hypertonic saline, inhaled corticosteroids, or antibiotics use. No differences in mucin parameters were detected at baseline versus during exacerbations. Mucin concentrations significantly correlated with the age and sputum human neutrophil elastase activity. Although significantly more proteolytic cleavages were detected in CF mucins, their macromolecular properties (e.g., size and molecular weight) were not significantly different than control mucins, likely reflecting the role of S-S bonds in maintaining multimeric structures. No evidence of giant mucin macromolecule reflecting oxidative stress-induced cross-linking was found. Mucin glycomic analysis revealed significantly more sialylated glycans in CF, and the total abundance of nonsulfated O-glycans correlated with the relative abundance of pathogens. Collectively, the interaction of mucins, pathogens, epithelium, and inflammatory cells promotes proteomic and glycomic changes that reflect a persistent mucoobstructive, infectious, and inflammatory state.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1976

Mucus antibodies in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive lung disease.

An indirect immunofluorescence technique and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used on cryostat sections of human group-O submaxillary salivary gland and rat stomach. Circulating antibodies reacting with mucus antigen(s) were found in sera from 52-7% of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and in 21-8% of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Among hospital patients with other diseases and healthy controls, mucus antibodies were found in 7-2 and 5.4% respectively. The mucus antibodies were not absorbed by an excess of red blood-cells derived from group AD+ healthy subjects or from the rat donor of the stomach, while the fluorescence and the immunoperoxidase reactions were almost completely abolished after the absorption of positive sera with human dried bronchial secretion. It is postulated that mucus antibody may be a new and important serological marker of disorders accompanied by mucus accumulation in the lung and possibly other organs and/or by severe changes of the anatomical structures which act as a barrier to the reabsorption of abnormal amounts of mucus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of S-carboxymethylcysteine on tracheal mucus velocity.

The effects of S-carboxymethylcysteine on tracheal mucus velocity were assessed in a double blind crossover study between 2 grams S-carboxymethylcysteine and placebo. Subjects included six healthy non-smokers, eight smokers with small airway disease and chronic simple bronchitis, and eight subjects with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Tracheal mucus velocity was measured prior to and two and three hours after each subject had ingested S-carboxymethylcysteine or placebo. No significant change in tracheal mucus velocity occurred after placebo or S-carboxymethylcysteine in any of the groups, indicating that the drug has no acute effect on mucus transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An epidemiological survey of respiratory morbidity among granite quarry workers in Singapore: chronic bronchitis and lung function impairment.

Respiratory symptoms of chronic bronchitis and measurements of lung function were studied in an epidemiological survey of the total population of workers currently employed in granite quarries in Singapore. There were 85 rock drilling and crushing workers with current exposure in high levels of silica dust. Their respiratory parameters were studied with reference to an internal comparison group of 154 quarry maintenance and transport workers with low dust exposure, and an external comparison group of 148 Telecoms postal delivery workers with no granite dust exposure. The highly exposed workers showed greater prevalences of chronic cough and phlegm, a mean reduction of 5% in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The increased respiratory morbidity were independent of other factors such as age and smoking. Similar results were also noted after excluding those with silicosis (defined radiologically as profusion greater than 1/1 as read by at least two of three readers). This study strongly indicates a demonstrable risk of "occupational" bronchitis (mucus hypersecretion) and obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment, apart from the "classical" risk of silicosis. Measures taken to protect the health of workers exposed to silica dust should also be based on considerations taken to protect against the risk of these respiratory disorders as well.

Adult↗