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Results for “multistress tolerant”

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PubMed2025

Comparison of stress tolerance mechanisms between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the multistress-tolerant Pichia kudriavzevii.

Yeasts play a vital role in both research and industrial biomanufacturing. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively utilized as a model system. However, its application is often constrained by limited tolerance to the diverse stress conditions encountered in bioprocesses. These challenges have driven increasing interest in nonconventional, multistress-tolerant yeasts as alternative biomanufacturing hosts. This review highlights Pichia kudriavzevii as a promising nonconventional yeast for industrial applications. Unlike S. cerevisiae, P. kudriavzevii exhibits exceptional tolerance to high temperatures, elevated concentrations of furanic and phenolic inhibitors, osmotic stress, salinity, and extreme pH. These traits make it an attractive candidate for industrial processes without requiring extensive genetic modifications to enhance stress resistance. As a result, P. kudriavzevii has emerged as a flagship species for advancing bioeconomy. Despite its industrial potential, the molecular mechanisms underlying P. kudriavzevii's superior stress tolerance remain poorly understood. This review compiles current knowledge on P. kudriavzevii and compares its stress tolerance mechanisms with those of S. cerevisiae, providing insights into its innate resilience. By expanding our understanding of nonconventional yeasts, this review aims to facilitate their broader adoption as robust microbial platforms for industrial biomanufacturing.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗

PubMed2025

Molecular mechanisms and breeding strategies for heat tolerance in vegetable crops under global warming.

Extreme heat driven by climate change poses a catastrophic threat to global vegetable production, undermining nutritional security because of the heightened physiological sensitivity and succulent tissues of these crops. This review synthesizes the multistage impacts of heat stress across critical developmental phases-from germination to reproduction-emphasizing morphological impairments (such as leaf wilting and floral abortion) and physiological disruptions (including photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage). We systematically dissect thermotolerance mechanisms in vegetables, highlighting transcriptional reprogramming by HSFs, WRKY, and NAC transcription factors; chaperone-mediated proteostasis via HSPs; epigenetic remodeling; Ca2+-ROS signaling pathways; and the role of phase separation dynamics. Importantly, we propose six strategic pathways to develop heat-resilient vegetables: harnessing natural variation through pan-genome-driven allele mining; employing biotechnological interventions such as CRISPR-mediated editing and synthetic promoters; engineering multistress tolerance by targeting conserved 'core response' pathways; exploiting epigenetic memory to achieve transgenerational resilience; optimizing source-sink dynamics with ''Climate-Responsive Carbon Optimization; and applying plant growth regulators and nanotechnology to enhance thermotolerance. Together, these strategies chart a clear roadmap for climate-smart vegetable breeding and call for interdisciplinary collaboration to translate molecular discoveries into practical breeding approaches for sustainable food systems under escalating thermal extremes.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Characterization and functional validation of glyoxalase II from rice.

Glyoxalase II, one of the enzymes of the glyoxalase pathway, cDNA cloned from rice (OsglyII) consists of 1623 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 1010 bp encoding a polypeptide of 336 amino acids and an estimated isoelectric point of 8.08. The recombinant protein purified from Escherichia coli using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography showed molecular mass of approximately 37 kDa. Catalytic parameters of the protein were determined using S-D-lactoylglutathione as a thioester substrate. The K(m) (61 microM) and K(cat) (301 s(-1)) values were lower than those reported for Arabidopsis, human and yeast and showed pH optima at 7.2. The E. coli overexpressing OsglyII were able to grow on higher concentration of methylglyoxal. Transcript analysis in rice showed that OsglyII gene expression is stimulated within 15 min in response to various abiotic stresses as well as treatment with abscisic acid or salicylic acid. This multistress response of OsglyII gene documents its future utility in developing tolerance to various stresses in crop plants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Acid- and multistress-resistant mutants of Lactococcus lactis : identification of intracellular stress signals.

Lactococcus lactis growth is accompanied by lactic acid production, which results in acidification of the medium and arrest of cell multiplication. Despite growth limitation at low pH, there is evidence that lactococci do have inducible responses to an acid pH. In order to characterize the genes involved in acid tolerance responses, we selected acid-resistant insertional mutants of the L. lactis strain MG1363. Twenty-one independent characterized mutants were affected in 18 different loci, some of which are implicated in transport systems or base metabolism. None of these genes was identified previously as involved in lactococcal acid tolerance. The various phenotypes obtained by acid stress selection allowed us to define four classes of mutants, two of which comprise multistress-resistant strains. Our results reveal that L. lactis has several means of protecting itself against low pH, at least one of which results in multiple stress resistance. In particular, intracellular phosphate and guanine nucleotide pools, notably (p)ppGpp, are likely to act as signals that determine the level of lactococcal stress response induction. Our results provide a link between the physiological state of the cell and the level of stress tolerance and establish a role for the stringent response in acid stress response regulation.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗

PubMed1997

Intracellular pH is a major factor in the induction of tolerance to acid and other stresses in Lactococcus lactis.

This study demonstrates that exposure of log-phase Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 712 cells to mildly acid conditions induces resistance to normally lethal intensities of environmental stresses such as acid, heat, NaCl, H2O2, and ethanol. The intracellular pH (pHi) played a major role in the induction of this multistress resistance response. The pHi was dependent on the extracellular pH (pHo) and on the specific acid used to reduce the pHo. When resuspended in fresh medium, cells were able to maintain a pH gradient even at pHo values that resulted in cell death. Induction of an acid tolerance response (ATR) coincided with an increase in the ability of cells to resist change to an unfavorable pHi; nevertheless, a more favorable pHi was not the sole reason for the increased survival at acid pHo. Cells with an induced ATR survived exposure to a lethal pHo much better than did uninduced cells with a pHi identical to that of the induced cells. Survival following lethal acid shock was dependent on the pHi during induction of the ATR, and the highest survival was observed following induction at a pHi of 5.9, which was the lowest pHi at which growth occurred. Increased acid tolerance and the ability to maintain a higher pHi during lethal acid stress were not acquired if protein synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol during adaptation.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed1980

Coincident loss of consciousness and ventricular tachycardia during +GZ stress.

The environment of the advanced fighter aircraft represents a unique combination of stressful factors. Each of the individual stresses is hazardous, with the summation of these factors possibly resulting in an additional risk for sudden in-flight incapacitation. Advanced fighter aircraft are capabble of producing both rapid onset and high sustained +GZ forces which, on occasion, can exceed the tolerance limits of the pilot. The +GZ forces encountered during aerial combat maneuvering are physiologically stressful and have a profound effect on the regulatory mechanisms of the body. The influence of these stresses, including +GZ stress, on the autonomic nervous system is complex. The overall normal regulation of the cardiovascular system depends on a balance between both branches of the autonomic nervous system. An imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone can result in cardiac dysrhythmias and symptoms not conducive to safe and effective flight. An episode of ventricular tachycardia, coincident with an episode of loss of consciousness, was observed in an apparently healthy aircrewman during +GZ stress on the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine human centrifuge. The implications of autonomic imbalance in the production of similar potentially hazardous dysrhythmias and symptoms in the multistress environment deserve more in-depth investigation.

Adult↗