Comparison of muscle recovery in poliomyelitis in patients receiving regular physiotherapy at home or in the hospital.
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Child↗
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Results for “muscle recovery”
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Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration in human muscle during recovery from exercise.
Eight subjects exercised on an ergometer until exhaustion. Femoral venous blood was analyzed for lactate, pyruvate, protein, electrolytes, and acid-base parameters. Muscle samples taken during the recovery period from m. quadriceps femoris were analyzed for water, electrolytes, lactate, and acid-labile CO2. Water content in the muscle biopsy sample was increased after exercise to 78.7 +/- 0.5% compared with the normal 76.7 +/- 0.8% at rest. The distribution of water between the extra- and intracellular space was calculated by the chloride method. In spite of elevated PCO2 in femoral venous blood the content of acid-labile CO2 was decreased in muscle after exercise. One minute after termination of exercise muscle CO2 was about half of the normal content at rest. During the recovery period muscle CO2 increased but was 20 min after termination of exercise still significantly below the value at rest. Intracellular pH (pHi) and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]i) in muscle have been calculated. The validity of the assumptions underlying the calculations are thoroughly discussed. pHi decreased from the normal value at rest, 7.00 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SD), to about 6.4 after exercise. [HCO3-] decreased from 10.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/l at rest to about 3 mmol/l after exercise. The changes are the greatest so far reported for an in vivo situation. After 20 min recovery pHi was almost the same as at rest, whereas bicarbonate was still well below.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Recovery of skeletal muscle after 3 mo of hindlimb immobilization in rats.
During immobilization, skeletal muscle undergoes decreases in size and strength with concomitant atrophic and degenerative changes in slow-twitch muscle fibers. Currently there are no objective data in slow-twitch muscle demonstrating recovery of biochemical or physiological indices following termination of immobilization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the soleus, a slow-twitch muscle, could recover normal biochemical or physiological levels following termination of immobliization. Adenosine triphosphate, glycogen, and protein concentration (mg/g wet wt) all significantly decreased following 90 days of hindlimb immobilization, but these three values returned to control levels by the 60th recovery day. Similarly, soleus muscle wet weight and protein content (mg protein/muscle) returned to control levels by the 14th recovery day. In contrast, maximal isometric tension did not return to normal until the 120th day. These results indicate that following muscular atrophy, which was achieved through 90 days of hindlimb immoblization, several biochemical and physiological values in skeletal muscle are recovered at various times after the end of immobilization.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Effect of foreign innervation on contractile and histochemical properties of the transplanted levator ani muscle of the rat.
Heterotopic transplantation of the levator ani (LA) muscle into the bed of the fast tibialis anterior (TA) or slow soleus (SOL) muscle respectively results in transformation of contractile and histochemical properties of the muscle dependent on the new "foreign" innervation. This transformation is observed after transplantation of minced muscle tissue and of free grafts. The result of transformation is more pronounced in the case of free LA-TA grafts which show progressive shortening of contractile response, whereas the LA-SOL shows slight shortening. The heterotopically transplanted free LA-SOL and the LA-TA grafts become relatively faster than the respective original muscle, suggesting operation of myogenic factors related to the fast LA muscle. Maximal tetanic tension output of the free heterotopic grafts 60 days after transplantation recovers to only about a quarter of the correspondong control muscles. Recovery of speed of contraction in the transplanted LA muscle is similar to that observed after selfreinnervation after crushing the pudendal nerve close to its entry into the muscle. In the heterotopically transplanted muscles the reversal of the originally uniform histochemical fibre pattern to a mixed fibre pattern in respect to ATPase and SDH activity is dependent on the type of innervation. After selfreinnervation of the LA muscle by the pudendal nerve a uniform fibre pattern is maintained with regeneration of the nerve.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Growth of muscle fibres during recovery from severe malnutrition in Jamaican infants.
1. The growth of muscle fibres was analysed by light microscopy in biopsies from subjects when malnourished, during nutritional rehabilitation, and after clinical recovery. 2. Muscle fibres from malnourished subjects were extremely atrophic (cross-sectional area, 110 micrometers2). The fibres doubled in size during the early period of rehabilitation. Growth of muscle fibres during later periods of rehabilitation occurred at a slower rate. 3. The absolute rates of change in fibre sizes differed considerably between subjects, but the rates of change relative to the rate of gain of total body-weight (expressed as % recovery or % expected weight-for height (Nelson, 1975)) were similar between subjects after the initial growth spurt. The pattern of recovery appeared to differ between older and younger subjects. 4. Fibre sizes correlated with body-weight but not with age in the malnourished subjects. A significant correlation between fibre areas and either weight or age was observed during rehabilitation and after clinical recovery. 5. Fibre sizes of clinically-recovered subjects (mean age, 13.8 months; weight, 8.7 kg) were only approximately 60% of that for a well-nourished 6-month-old control subject (6.4 kg). These results suggest that a longer period of time is required for fibres to reach their expected size. Therefore, when the child has regained body-weight to that of a normal child of the same height, his muscles have not yet recovered and his body composition is abnormal.
Age Factors↗
Decay and recovery of the acoustic stapedius reflex in humans.
The time course of decay and recovery of ipsilateral and contralateral stapedius reflex responses to 2 000 Hz pure tone stimulation was studied in 10 normal-hearing subjects. Reflex responses were found to follow a closely similar time course with respect to both decay and recovery in simultaneous bilateral recordings. The similarity is compatible with the assumption that decay and recovery originate in the afferent auditory system, and not in the muscles. Recovery was 50% complete 250 ms after the end of the stimulus and most subjects had reached their initial amplitude after 1-3 s. The individual correlation between decay and recovery was negative but weak, which is interpreted as showing that these processes have a tendency to balance each other, but are based partly on different mechanisms. The implications of the present results for diagnosis of disorders of the lower auditory system as well as for the evaluation of the protective role of the stapedius reflex against noise damage are pointed out.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Synthesis of muscle glycogen during recovery after prolonged severe exercise in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Glycogen synthesis rate in skeletal muscle studied in six juvenile diabetic and six non-diabetic males ingesting a carbohydrate rich diet during 12 h of resting recovery after exhaustive bicycle exercise. The diabetic subjects took their regular insulin. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained at rest prior to exercise, immediately after cessation of exercise and after 2,4,6.9 and 12 h of recovery. A marked decrease in muscle glycogn content was observed in response to exercise in both groups of subjects. Mean glycogen utilization rate was the same in the two groups. Glycogen synthesis rate during the first 4 h or recovery was 6.4 +/- 0.6 mmol glucosyl units/kg w.w./h in the diabetic subjects and 7.2 +/- 0.7 mmol glycosyl units/kg w.w./h in the non-diabetic subjects. During the next 8 h glycogen synthesis rate was approximately 1/3 of that being 2.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mmol glucosyl units/kg w.w./h in the two groups respectively. Glycogen synthetase I-activity increased markedly in response to exercise in both groups of subjects. However, no differences were observed between the groups. No significant differences in muscle glucose 6-phosphate concentrations were observed between the two groups. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic than in the non-diabetic subjects. It is concluded that glycogen synthesis during recovery following prolonged severe exercise can proceed at the same rate in diabetic subjects taking their regular insulin as in non-diabetic subjects.
Adolescent↗
Contraction and recovery of living muscles studies by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
1. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) can be used to measure the concentrations of phosphorus-containing metabolites within living tissue. We have developed methods for maintaining muscles in physiological condition, stimulating them and recording tension while at the same time accumulating their (31)P NMR spectra. Experiments were performed on frog sartorii and frog and toad gastrocnemii at 4 degrees C.2. The NMR signals from (31)P (the naturally occurring phosphorus) is weak, and signal averaging is required. In order to follow the time course of reactions it is necessary to maintain the muscles in a steady state for many hours while they are undergoing repeated contractions. Signals were accumulated in separate computer bins according to time after initiation of contraction. By these means spectra were obtained which corresponded to the different intervals during the contraction and recovery cycle.3. In the absence of stimulation, the spectra of frog sartorius muscles and of their extracts indicated concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphoryl creatine (PCr), inorganic orthophosphate (P(i)) and sugar phosphates (sugar P) which are in reasonable agreement with the values obtained by chemical analysis.4. We have confirmed that unidentified resonances representing unknown compounds appear in the spectra of both frog and toad muscle; one of these is much larger in spectra from toad than from frog. We have found an additional small, unidentified resonance which appears to be specific to toad muscle.5. Spectra accumulated during actual contractions (1 s tetani every 2 min) did not differ dramatically from those accumulated throughout the 2 min cycle of contraction and partial recovery.6. Following 25 s tetanii, approximately 20% of the PCr had been hydrolysed; it was then rebuilt exponentially with a half-time of about 10 min. The increase in [P(i)] immediately after contraction and the time course of its disappearance corresponded to the changes in [PCr]. During the later half of the recovery period the concentration of P(i) was reduced to below that in resting muscle. The [sugar P] remained very high ( approximately 4 mmol kg(-1)) throughout the 56 min interval between contractions.7. When frog sartorii were tetanized for 1 s every 2 min, the changes in [PCr] and [P(i)] between contractions could not be observed because too little signal was obtained from these small muscles. However, when toad gastrocnemii were similarly stimulated, the changes in these compounds could be readily detected and were even greater than expected.8. The position of the P(i) resonance can be used to monitor intracellular pH and changes in pH. Under the conditions of our experiments the average intracellular pH in unstimulated frog sartorius muscles was 7.5. After a 25 s tetanus this was observed to move in the acid direction by a few tenths of a pH unit and to return to its pre-stimulation value before the end of the recovery period. After a 1 s contraction of toad gastrocnemius the environment of P(i) became slightly more alkaline for the first few seconds.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
The pH-dependent recovery of smooth muscle from storage at -13 degrees C in unfrozen media.
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Animals↗
Effects of fatigue and recovery on contractile properties of frog muscle.
The contractile properties of frog sartorius muscles were evaluated during development of fatigue and recovery. Muscles were stimulated under anaerobic conditions at a rate of 30 stimuli/min. Twitch tension (Pt) decreased 59% and tetanic tension (Po) decreased 52% during 15 min of stimulation. Contraction time and one-half relaxation time increased markedly during the first 6 min and then leveld off. The peak rate of twitch tension development (dP/dt) progressively declined to 33% of its initial value. Maximum shortening velocity did not change significantly. Large increases in Pt and twitch dP/dt occurred during the first 15 s of recovery while Po did not increase significantly in this time. Thereafter, Pt, Po, and, dP/dt all progressively returned towards normal over 30 min. These results show that the initial rapid recovery in Pt is not due to an increase in the capacity to generate force. Po is a better indicator of the force-generating capacity of a muscle because, unlike Pt, it is not affected by changes in the rate of tension development.
Action Potentials↗
Metabolic correlates of fatigue and of recovery from fatigue in single frog muscle fibers.
Fatigue and recovery from fatigue were related to metabolism in single fibers of the frog semitendinosus muscle. The fibers were held at a sarcomere length of 2.3 microm in oxygenated Ringer solution at 15 degrees C and were stimulated for up to 150 s by a schedule of 10-s, 20-Hz tetanic trains that were interrupted by 1-s rest periods, after which they were rapidly frozen for biochemical analysis. Two kinds of fatigue were produced in relation to stimulus duration. A rapidly reversed fatigue occurred with stimulation for under 40 s and was evidenced by a decline in tetanic tension that could be overcome by 1 s of rest. A prolonged fatigue was caused by stimulation for 100-150 s. It was evidenced during stimulation by a fall in tetanic tension that could not be overcome by 1 s of rest, and after stimulation by a reduction, lasting for up to 82 min, in the peak tension of a 200-ms test tetanus. Fiber phosphocreatine (PCr) fell logarithmically in relation to stimulus duration, from a mean of 121 +/- 8 nmol/mg protein (SEM, n = 12) to 10% of this value after 150 s of stimulation. PCr returned to normal levels after 90-120 min of rest. Stimulation for 150 s did not significantly affect fiber glycogen and reduced fiber ATP by at most 15%. It is suggested that the prolonged fatigue caused by 100-150 s of tetanic stimulation was caused by long-lasting failure of excitation-contraction coupling, as it was not accompanied by depletion of energy stores in the form of ATP. One possibility is that H+ accumulated in fatigued fibers so as to interfere with the action of Ca2+ in the coupling process.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Iatrogenic muscle fibrosis. Arm levitation as an initial sign.
Three patients had iatrogenic muscle fibrosis, without weakness or sensory loss. Deltoid muscle fibrosis produced the unique clinical sign of gradual, involuntary, and irreducible arm levitation. The third patient had both levitated arms and levitated legs, a result of injections in the rectus femoris muscles. Repeated intramuscular injections apparently resulted in muscle fibrosis and intramuscular nerve-twig damage. Pentazocine (Talwin) is a particularly offending agent. One patient showed an unusual tissue reaction to foreign material, which may have played a role in her muscle fibrosis. Nevertheless, dramatic recovery of muscle function followed surgical sectioning of the fibrous deltoid bands.
Adult↗
Comparison of isometric muscle training and electrical stimulation supplementing isometric muscle training in the recovery after major knee ligament surgery. A preliminary report.
Eight patients undergoing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group received a standard plaster cast and isometric muscle training. The stimulated group received a standard plaster cast, isometric training, and percutaneous electrical stimulation during the recovery period. The patients were examined clinically and with repeated muscle biopsies before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 5 weeks after surgery at the time of removal of the cast. The electrically stimulated group had better muscle function from a clinical point of view and their succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher than those in the control group. Electrical stimulation thus could prevent the fall in oxidative enzyme activity which was noted in the control group. The results suggest that percutaneous electrical stimulation may be a way of preventing muscle atrophy after major knee ligament surgery in athletes.
Adult↗
Isometric muscle contraction response during recovery from reduced intramuscular temperature.
This study was done to determine the effects of a 30-minute cold water bath on intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength, immediately after treatment and during a 3-hour posttreatment recovery period. Twenty persons were tested twice, receiving treatment once and serving as controls once. Measurements were taken prior to the treatment period, immediately after treatment and then every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The dominant leg was submerged in water at 10 C for 30 minutes. Plantar flexion strength was measured with a cable tensiometer and intramuscular temperature was measured with a hypodermic thermistor probe. Intramuscular temperature significantly decreased immediately posttreatment on the experimental days and then increased significantly during the recovery period. Significant increases in strength were noted during the recovery period. A definite relationship exists between intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength.
Adult↗
Muscle Massage Adding Capacitive Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy in Active or Sham Condition for Post-Exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Crossover Clinical Trial.
The increasing demands of elite sports reduce recovery time, impair performance, and increase injury risk. Efficient lactate transport is essential for postexercise recovery. Capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy enhances deep tissue heating, induces vasodilation, and promotes circulation. To evaluate whether adding active CRET to a standardized muscle recovery massage, compared with the same massage plus sham CRET, influences indicators of muscle recovery following a maximal anaerobic effort test. A randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, and crossover clinical trial was conducted in 25 athletes. Participants completed four visits and, after the maximal power and anaerobic capacity test (Wingate test), received a standardized muscle recovery massage combined with either active CRET or sham CRET. Blood lactate levels, muscle oxygenation, muscle thickness, echogenicity, knee extension force, and muscle activity were assessed before and after the test, after treatment, and 24 hours later. Compared with massage plus sham CRET, massage plus active CRET was associated with lower blood lactate concentration at 60 min postexercise (p = 0.029). Ultrasound-derived muscle thickness and echogenicity also differed between conditions at several time points (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in Wingate test performance, force, muscle activity, and oxygenation between conditions. In athletes performing repeated Wingate exercise, adding active CRET to massage was associated with lower blood lactate concentration at 60 min postexercise and with differences in ultrasound-derived muscle thickness and echogenicity compared with sham CRET plus massage. However, these between-condition differences were not accompanied by clear short-term functional recovery benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06906146.
Humans↗
The effect of external Na and amiloride on pHi recovery in mouse soleus muscle [proceedings].
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Amiloride↗
Proceedings: The recovery of frog sartorius muscles tetanized at 20 degrees C.
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Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Compound action potentials recorded from mammalian peripheral nerves following ligation or resuturing.
1. Cat hind limb peripheral nerves were fitted with cuff recording electrodes, and their distal portions were later cut and ligated to prevent regeneration. The compound action potential amplitude initially declined with a time constant between 1 and 2 months and then remained relatively unchanged for periods of more than a year. Similar but smaller changes were observed in the conduction velocity of the nerves which also stabilized after a few months. 2. In nerves that were cut and resutured to their distal stumps or sutured directly to nearby muscles, a recovery was observed. The time course was well fitted by an initial exponential decay with a similar time constant to that above, followed by an exponential recovery with a longer time constant (3-4 months). Nerve conduction, muscle potentials and twitch tension often recovered to control values, even when the amplitude of the nerve compound action potential remained depressed. 3. Thus, nerve fibres survive axotomy for long periods of time and continue to conduct action potentials, even if unable to regenerate to appropriate end-organs. When regeneration is permitted, a fraction of nerve fibres may reinnervate nearly all end-organs. The diameter and conduction velocity of these nerve fibres presumably increase toward control values, while other fibres remain subnormal in these parameters. 4. Factors in the design of cuff electrodes which determine the amplitude of compound action potentials are described in an Appendix.
Action Potentials↗