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Results for “nebulization”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and survival of microbial contaminants in heated nebulizers.

Over a 2-year period, 600 cultures of fluid in heated nebulizers in use by patients in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital were performed. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was never isolated. Three types of heated nebulizers were in use, and their contamination rate was significantly different (45 percent, 21 percent, and 8 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001). In the course of the study, the overall contamination rate decreased from 47 percent to 10 percent. This was mainly due to elmination of the type of heated nebulizer that was most prone to contamination. Five types of currently available large-reservoir nebulizers were inculated with various organisms and growth patterns studied. The various nebulizing equiment differed in its ability to inhibit or eliminate microbial growth; 1 of the heated nebulizers appeared to enhance growth of some of the inoculated bacteria.

Acinetobacter↗

PubMed1977

Comparison between simple nebulization and intermittent positive-pressure in asthmatic children with severe bronchospasm.

Tweinty-three asthmatic children had severe sudden bronchospasm due to numerous factors. Baseline values for the peak expiratory flow rate were less than 25 percent of predicted. Utilizing an analysis of variance, three methods of administering isoproterenol hydrochloride (hand-held Freon-propelled nebulization, continuous nebulization, and intermittent positive-pressure breathing [IPPB]) were compared and found to be similar in reversing the bronchospasm (F = 1.56; degrees of freedom, 2/44; P = 0.22). There were no patients whose condition consistently improved with IPPB over the methods of therapy using simple nebulization. Therapy with IPPB did not offer any advantage over simple nebulization in patients with severe, reversible airway obstruction.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial contamination potential of sterile, prefilled humidifiers and nebulizer reservoirs.

Contaminated respiratory therapy equipment may be responsible for the spread of pathogens to hospital patients. This study focused on the potential for contamination of prefilled, sterile, disposable water and saline systems for humidification and nebulization. Gas and liquid samples from 48 prepacked oxygen humidifier/cannula and 26 prepacked nebulization setups were taken at the initial application of devices and at 8, 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals, totaling 386 cultures. All samples from the humidifier units were found to be pathogen-free for up to 3 days. A total of six or 3.84% of the nebulizer samples showed contamination with Enterobacter cloacae after 8 to 24 hours of operation. It was concluded that the potential for contamination of the humidifiers is low for up to 72 hours, but the nebulizer units should be changed after 24 hours even though their contamination rate is markedly lower than that of conventional nondisposable units.

Antisepsis↗

PubMed2025

Nebulization of an mRNA-encoded monoclonal antibody for passive immunization of foals against Rhodococcus equi.

Inhalation of Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in humans and animals worldwide, most commonly affecting horse foals. The standard for preventing R. equi pneumonia in foals is transfusion of hyperimmune plasma, which is expensive and carries the risk of adverse effects. Our goal was to passively immunize foals against R. equi by nebulizing mRNA encoding an equine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the virulence-associated protein A (VapA) directly into the lungs. VapA-specific memory B cells from an immunized horse were used to identify and select the sequence for an equine immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 mAb. In vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding this sequence expressed full-length, VapA-specific mAbs in vitro and safely and effectively produced intrapulmonary mAb in foals for at least 5 days following nebulization. These findings establish a platform to generate mRNA-encoded mAbs for immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic applications in horses and demonstrate the feasibility of delivering nebulized mRNA-mAb for intrapulmonary mAb expression in neonates.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

A comparison of salbutamol given by pressure-packed aerosol or nebulization via IPPB in acute asthma.

Salbutamol was given by pressure-packed aerosol or nebulizer via IPPB to patients with acute asthma to compare the effectiveness of these methods of inhalation. The results show that both methods produce significant bronchodilatation even in patients admitted with moderately severe asthma (FEV1 about 38% predicted) but a slightly greater improvement may be achieved by IPPB nebulization. Our findings indicate that supervised inhalation of a pressure-packed aerosol of salbutamol may be useful for the initial treatment of asthmatic attacks but confirm the marginal advantage of IPPB nebulization, which should be reserved for patients unable to inhale from a pressure-packed aerosol or failing to respond to its treatment.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Effect of ultrasonic nebulization on arterial oxygen saturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Twenty patients with mild to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease received ultrasonic nebulization to assess the danger of short-term changes in blood gas levels during this therapy. The status of arterial oxygenation was monitored during 20 minutes of therapy and for 20 minutes following therapy. In nine patients with periodic studies of arterial blood, the mean change in arterial oxygen pressure from base line was a decrease of 0.8 mm Hg at ten minutes into therapy, 2.8 mm Hg at the conclusion of therapy, and 2.9 mm Hg 20 minutes after therapy. In all 20 patients, ear oximetric studies showed only a small mean change at ten minutes into therapy, at the end of therapy, and at 20 minutes after therapy. Changes in the status of arterial oxygenation during and after therapy with ultrasonic nebulization in a group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are generally small and of no statistical and limited clinical significance; however, alarming falls in arterial oxygenation can occur and cannot be predicted by base-line testing of pulmonary function or studies of arterial blood. It would be prudent to monitor patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during therapy with ultrasonic nebulization or to withhold therapy altogether.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Nebulized racemic epinephrine by IPPB for the treatment of croup: a double-blind study.

Racemic epinephrine has been advocated for the treatment of croup, but controlled studies have not proved it more effective than saline. Twenty patients (aged 4 months to 5 years) hospitalized with acute croup and persistent inspiratory stridor at rest were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: saline or racemic epinephrine, both nebulized and delivered by intermittent positive pressure breathing. Clinical scores were significantly improved (P less than .01) at ten and 30 minutes following the treatment with racemic epinephrine but not at 120 minutes. Racemic epinephrine was significantly more effective than saline at 10 (P less than .01) and 30 minutes (P less than .05) but not at 120 minutes after the treatment. We conclude that nebulized racemic epinephrine is effective treatment for the acute signs of croup.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Plasma levels of lidocaine following nebulized aerosol administration.

The venous (plasma) levels of lidocaine were measured in five subjects following nebulization of a 280-mg dose via intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) and nebulization of a 400-mg dose via ultrasound. Even though a lower dose of lidocaine was given by IPPB, this system of delivery produced higher plasma concentrations of the drug than ultrasound and also was more effective in eliminating the gag reflex. In the entire study, plasma concentrations of lidocaine did not exceed 1.1 mug/ml, which is far below toxic levels. Aerosolized lidocaine, administered by IPPB, is a safe and effective topical anesthetic agent which may be useful for instrumentation of the upper airway.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

A double-blind evaluation of the use of nebulized metaproterenol and isoproterenol in hospitalized asthmatic children and adolescents.

This study compared two beta-adrenergic agents in the treatment of severe asthma of children and adolescents. Thirty patients admitted to Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center with acute asthma were treated with either isoproterenol 0.05% (iso) or metaproterenol 0.5% (meta) nebulized in physiologic saline and delivered with O2 in addition to intravenous hydration, aminophylline, and corticosteroids. Vital signs, blood gases, and pulmonary function were monitored frequently. No adverse reactions to the study drugs were encountered. Pulse rates increased similarly after treatments with both drugs. Patients treated with meta had somewhat higher rates than those treated with iso. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly from admission in the meta group compared to the iso group. For FVC and FEV1, the meta group had greater percentage increases from admission than the iso group at all times, with the difference being significant (p less than 0.05) at 1 and 12 hr. The same trend occurred for FEF 25%-75%. Though iso seemed to cause greater increases in flow immediately after administrations, these changes were transient compared to improvement caused by meta. Thus, meta seemed to be more effective than iso in reversing bronchospasm as measured by certain pulmonary function parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Nebulized sodium cromoglycate in young asthmatic children. Double-blind trial.

Seventeen asthmatic children under 5 years of age took part in a double-blind controlled trial of nebulized sodium cromoglycate solution. Daily symptom scores kept by the parents showed improvement in 11 children during active treatment, and a significant improvement in scores for cough by day and night was obtained for the group as a whole.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1979