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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Improved resolution of the meiotic chromsomes in both sexes of Euxoa species and their hybrids (Lepidoptera: noctuidae).

An air drying and Giemsa staining technique produces consistently good quality cytological preparations when applied to different species of Euxoa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and, in particular, it allows an imporved resolution of the meiotic chromosomes in both sexes. All species so far investigated have a basic haploid chromosome complement of n (male) = 31(XX): n(female) = (XY). A single chiasma per individual bivalent is clearly visible in the male sex. Some chiasmata are formed in interstitial positions, but, by metaphase I, they have all undergone complete terminalization while the bivalents orient axially on the first division spindle. Direct evidence for lack of chiasma formation in the 31 hormorphic bivalents in the female sex is reported for the first time for species of Noctuidae. Evidence in favor of an XY system in the female sex is discussed. Preliminary studies of the meiotic divisions in hybrid material reveal the presence of cryptic structural differences between certain taxa, and will help to elucidate taxonomic problems within this complex genus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[In vivo and in vitro studies of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from Euxoa scandens, Riley (Noctuidae, Agrotinae)(author's transl)].

A virus isolated from the larvaes of Euxoa scandens (Noctuidae, Agrotinae) was studied by histological and histochemical techniques, and by electron microscopic observation of virus suspensions and ultrathin sections of infected tissues. Our studies demonstrated that the virus in icosahedral in shape, measures 70 nm and belongs to the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus group. Only the midgut cells of the larvae were found to be infected and the virus particles were localized in inclusion bodies most of which had a paraspherical, polyhedral shape. It was possible to infect Lymantria dispar L. cells in vitro with free virus or with extracts obtained from the diseased larvae. The virogenic stroma and the first small inclusion bodies in this stroma were detected in the cytoplasm at 18 and 36 hours post infection, respectively. These polyhedra had a cubical shape, reached their maximum size after 48 hours and were located in the cytoplasm of over 90 percent of the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Bacterially produced dsRNA targeting SePGRP-LB reduces population fitness of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and increases its susceptibility to SeMNPV.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest, and S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) is a host-specific biological control agent. However, baculovirus efficacy can be limited by host antiviral responses. S. exigua peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (SePGRP-LB) has been identified as an antiviral immune factor, suggesting that its suppression may increase larval susceptibility to SeMNPV. In this study, bacterially produced double-stranded RNA targeting SePGRP-LB (bac-dsPGRP-LB) was orally delivered to larvae to induce RNA interference. Feeding bac-dsPGRP-LB reduced SePGRP-LB transcript levels by 24.0% to 65.7% over 7 d. SePGRP-LB knockdown prolonged fifth-instar larval development, reduced female pupal weight, shortened male adult longevity and the oviposition period, and decreased fecundity by approximately 51%. Life table analysis further showed significant reductions in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) following bac-dsPGRP-LB treatment. During SeMNPV infection, co-feeding with bac-dsPGRP-LB significantly suppressed SePGRP-LB expression, increased the SeMNPV genomic load, and reduced larval survival compared with the SeMNPV + bac-dsGFP treatment. These findings identify SePGRP-LB as a promising RNAi target for simultaneously reducing S. exigua fitness and enhancing its susceptibility to SeMNPV under laboratory conditions.

SePGRP-LB↗
PubMed2025

The genome sequence of the Treble Lines, Charanyca trigrammica (Hufnagel, 1766) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Charanyca trigrammica (Treble Lines; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 546.43 megabases and 546.58 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.97%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.44 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Charanyca trigrammica; Treble Lines; genome sequen↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of the Golden Plusia, Polychrysia moneta (Fabricius, 1787) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Polychrysia moneta (Golden Plusia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 430.64 megabases and 425.60 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (98.46%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.26 kilobases. This work is part of Project Psyche, a collaborative programme generating genomes for European butterflies and moths.

Polychrysia moneta; Golden Plusia; genome sequence↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of the Common Quaker, Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Orthosia cerasi (Common Quaker; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 022.21 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.88%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.39 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 15 702 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Common Quaker↗
PubMed1977

The establishment of two cell lines from the insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae).

The history and characteristics of two cells lines developed from primary explants of pupal tissue from the insect, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), are described. One cell line, IPLB-SF 21, was developed with hemolymph-supplemented medium and has been maintained continuously on the medium. The second cell line, IPLB-SF-1254, was developed with a medium containing a combination of vertebrate sera plus hemolymph and was adapted to hemolyphn-free medium at the 6th passage. The IPLB-SF-21 cell line has a population doubling time of 26 to 30 hr; the doubling time of the IPLB-SF-1254 line is 36 hr. The chromosomal morphology and distribution was typical of other lepidopteran cell lines. Serological studies showed that both cell lines have at least one antigen which also is common is tissue antigens from pupae of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The DNA contained by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from four Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); genome size and configuration assessed by electron microscopy.

The mol. wt. of the DNA from four nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from Spodoptera littoralis, S. exempta, S. exigua and S. frugiperda were determined to be 84, 80, 68 and 74 X 10(6), respectively, by electron microscopy. The molecules were demonstrated to exist as double-stranded relaxed circular or supercoiled DNA, though linear forms of DNA were also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ventral exocrine gland of larva of Spodoptera (Prodenia) litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The morphological and histological structure of the ventral exocrine gland of the larva of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera (Prodenia) litura (Fab.) is shown. The proximal region of the gland is capable of protrusion through the prothoracic sternal slit as an elongate organ reaching upto the spinneret. The middle region of the gland shows characteristic giant cells in only one of the walls of the epithelium, while the distal region shows a thin flat epithelium with small round closely situated nuclei resting against the tunica propria. The gland probably secretes a gummy fluid for larval movements rather than a stinking odourous fluid for defense.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Skin-piercing blood-sucking moths I: ecological and ethological studies on Calpe eustrigata (Lepid., noctuidae).

The Noctuid Calpe [Calyptral] eustrigata Hmps. was reported as a skin-piercing blood-sucking moth for the first time in Malaya (Bänziger, 1968) and is so far the only lepidopteran proved to suck blood by means of a piercing act. A few field observations and the description of the piercing behaviour of caged moths were given. Apart from a taxonomic study of the genus Calpe (Berio, 1956), a single record (Büttiker, 1969) and some notes on the moth's proboscis and possible evolutionary pathway (Bänziger, 1970, 1971, 1972) to our knowledge no other data have been published on the moth after its description as a new species (Hampson, 1926). The life cycle is completely unknown. From the scanty museum specimens available, it appears that the species inhabits South and Southeast Asia. A closely related, though less rare species, the fruit-piercing C. thalictri Bkh., has been used for a detailed study of the piercing mechanism likely to be adopted by Calpe (Bänziger, 1970); the feeding turned out to be as unusual as the feeding habits. Little or nothing is known about other Calpe species. C. eustrigata is not the only adult lepidopterous parasite of mammals. Lachryphagous ("eye-frequenting") moths feed as "marginal" parasites upon eye-secretions of ungulates, elephants and occasionally man (Shannon, 1928; Reid, 1954; Büttiker, 1964, 1967; Bänziger, 1966). Arcyophora species and the eulachryphagous Noctuid Lobocraspis graseifusa Hmps. which apparently feeds exclusively upon eye discharges, are suspected as vectors of eye diseases (Guilbride et al., 1959, Büttiker, 1964; Bänziger, 1972). While no lachryphagous moth is able to suck blood by a piercing act, there are a number of facultative lachryphagous moths which lick up the blood freely present at wounds, or that excreted anally by mosquitoes (Bänziger, 1969, 1972). Because of the scientific interest in C. eustrigata, research has been carried out to investigate different biological aspects of the species in Malaysia, Thailand. Laos and Indonesia (May 1971-May 1973). The first account presented here will be continued with a paper (in prep.) on the piercing mechanism and soon, it is hoped, with more information on the physiology, life cycle and medical importance of the moth.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1979

Skin-piercing blood-sucking moths II: Studies on a further 3 adult Calyptra [Calpe] sp. (Lepid., Noctuidae).

1. Of the scarce Calyptra minuticornis, C. orthograpta and C. labilis, 51, 24, and 7 adults, respectively, were observed during some 600 night inspections at over 100 sites in 1965--1967 and 1971--1977. 2. Hitherto biologically completely unknown, and not recorded before in S.E. Asia, the latter two species flew in or near tropical monsoon forests in hilly regions (300--600 m) of N. Thailand (C. orthograpta also N. Laos). C. minuticornis was found in these and in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen rain forests of S. Thailand and N.W. Malaysia. 3. In N. Thailand the three species were more common at the end of the cool season/start of the hot season and at the start of the rainy season. They were active mainly during the first half of the night 4. Flight and piercing behaviour, alighting, resting, enemies, and the lack of females, were similar to virtually identical with the "classical" skin-piercing blood-sucking C. eustrigata. 5. C. labilis was seen attacking elephant, C. orthograpta also water buffalo and sambar, C. minuticornis also zebu and tapir but not sambar. C. minuticornis settled on man also but did not pierce. 6. Through no piercing of hosts' skin has actually been seen in nature, indirect evidence suggests that the 3 moths are likely to be occasional blood-suckers. They pierced and sucked blood from the author's skin in experiments. 7. Reasons for lack of direct evidence may be: less developed hematophagy, less favoured hosts, lack of easy-to-pierce injured skin (which also trigger the piercing response), different climatic and phytoecological environment, fewer specimens than in the case of C. eustrigata. 8. Field observations and experiments indicate that the closely related, fruit-piercing Oraesia emarginata is not skin-piercing blood-sucking--a habit likely to be exhibited mainly in humid equatorial regions by a few Calyptra only.

Animals↗