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Results for “non-genetic inheritance”

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PubMed2026

Culture, Psychiatry and Epigenetics.

Regarding the methodology of ethnopsychiatric research, for example, on the Vietnamese Mo Mường's burial rituals or the health-promoting and healing effects of the Chinese Tujia dances, three different approaches can be distinguished: phenomenological-descriptive methods, hermeneutic-interpretive techniques and studies on underlying mechanisms such as hypnotherapeutic or neuroendocrine dynamics. Since epigenetics has shown that cultural and artistic experiences can influence gene expression and genetic functioning, even across generations, the article argues for greater consideration of epigenetics in medical anthropology and ethnopsychiatry. Epigenetic dynamics can significantly influence health promoting and healing effects of rituals in ethnic traditions and determine an individual's responsiveness to such practices. In this context, the interplay between genetics and epigenetics, various concepts of the collective unconscious, transcultural psychiatry, culturally sensitive arts therapies, and issues of migration and transcultural identities are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Metagenomic polymorphic toxin effector and immunity profiling predicts microbiome development and disease-related dysbiosis.

Bacteria use antagonistic interbacterial weapons, such as polymorphic toxin secretion systems (TSS), to compete for niches in the human gut microbiome. We hypothesized that TSS influence gut microbiome development and disease-related dysbiosis. We developed a bioinformatic marker gene approach (PolyProf) to quantify TSS including ~200 effector and immunity genes and applied it to ~15,000 publicly available human metagenomes. PolyProf alpha and beta diversity readily distinguished 12 different human disease states and enabled the construction of highly accurate linear regression classifier machine learning models. Elastic net machine learning models integrating bacterial taxonomy with PolyProf had strong predictive value for 12 disease states, outperforming models utilizing taxonomy alone. During microbiome development in the first year of life, PolyProf alpha diversity increases, and beta diversity becomes increasingly like the maternal microbiome, influenced by vertical transfer, delivery mode, and breastfeeding. PolyProf is related to strain sharing among adults through social interactions. In summary, TSS genes strongly correlate with microbiome development and interpersonal strain sharing, suggesting roles for interbacterial antagonism. Since PolyProf distinguishes diverse adult disease statuses, these dynamics may contribute to non-genetic inheritance.IMPORTANCEPrevious research has demonstrated that bacteria compete within the gut microbiome using toxin secretion systems (TSS). How TSS contribute to human microbiome development and the microbiome alterations observed in human diseases is not known. This study develops a new bioinformatic tool for profiling TSS-related genes in metagenomic data. Application of this approach to large-scale human fecal metagenomic data demonstrates the dynamic association of TSS during microbiome development, including the exchange of strains among social contacts. TSS gene abundance patterns are highly predictive of 12 disease states. This study advances the field by enabling TSS profiling in metagenomes and by identifying disease and microbiome development biomarkers that provide hypotheses for future mechanistic studies and may be useful for disease diagnosis.

Dysbiosis↗

PubMed1977

On aetiological factors in hypospadias.

An analysis of genetic and non-genetic factors which might be of importance for the aetiology of hypospadias was performed in a clinical and in a registered material comprising altogether 893 hypospadiacs. Of 213 index patients in the clinical material, the probable aetiology was known in 11: in 3 patients chromosomal aberrations, in 2 well-defined syndromes with a known genetic background, in one maternal diabetes, in 2 maternal rubella, and 2 of the hypospadiacs were born after the mothers' use of anticonvulsant drugs and one after the mother's use of thalidomide. Other hypospadiacs were identified in 28 of the families of the remaining 202 index patients. As regards inheritance, 10 cases of hypospadias associated with clinodactyly were found in one family and this suggests an autosomal dominant gene as the cause of hypospadias. In the great majority (174/213) of index patients neither genetic nor non-genetic factors could be demonstrated but a significant cyclic trend for the month of birth and the month of the last menstrual period was found.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1978

Non-Mendelian female sterility in Drosophila melanogaster: influence of ageing and thermic treatments. I. Evidence for a partly inheritable effect of these two factors.

Crosses between certain Drosophila melanogaster strains may give rise to female sterility of non-Mendelian determination. Reduced fertility is observed in F1 females, known as SF females, from crosses between females of "reactive" strains and males of "inducer" strains. The extent of this reduction of fertility depends on the strains which are used in the cross and on two non-genetic factors: age and temperature. The fertility of SF females increases with ageing. Also, exposing them for a short period to a high temperature (29 degrees C) either increases or decreases the probability of hatching of the eggs according to the stage of oogenesis at which the heat treatment is applied. A very striking point is that qualitatively quite similar, though attenuated, effects are observed when the two factors (ageing and temperature) are applied not directly to SF females, but to their maternal ancestors: mothers and grandmothers.

Aging↗

PubMed2025

MUC5B promoter variant and survival in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant and survival in RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). METHODS: We studied participants in the Veteran Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry with validated ILD diagnoses. Participants were followed until death or till the end of the study period. The MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant was measured using an Infinium genotyping array, assuming autosomal dominant inheritance. Survival and cause of death were determined from VA death records and the National Death Index. Associations of the MUC5B promoter variant with survival were tested in Cox regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 263 participants with RA-ILD (mean age 69 years, 95% male, 73% White, 85% smoking history), the MUC5B promoter variant was present in 33.5%. The mortality rate was similar between those with [12.2/100 PY (95% CI: 9.4, 15.8)] and without [11.1/100 PY (95% CI: 9.1, 13.5)] the variant. MUC5B status was not significantly associated with survival overall [aHR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.37)] or when stratified by ILD pattern [clinical usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) aHR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.35); clinical non-UIP aHR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.09)]. Further, MUC5B status was not significantly associated with respiratory-related [aHR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.66)] or non-respiratory causes of death [aHR 1.08 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.62)]. CONCLUSION: While associated with RA-ILD risk, the MUC5B promoter variant was not predictive of survival among RA-ILD patients in this multicentre cohort. Further studies are needed to identify other genetic and non-genetic prognostic factors in RA-ILD to inform disease management.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy in a large kindred.

A past history of idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) was detected in 10 out of the 32 multiparous women in the last two generations of a large kindred. The affected women are distributed in five family units, sharing Chilean-born great-grandparents. The connection between the ICP-affected women and the common trunk is given both by male and female parents. Five cases are concentrated in one family unit, where the mother and all her daughters have been affected by the disease. The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of ICP is supported by this study. It is proposed that the disease may be transmitted as a predisposing trait by individuals of either sex and that non-genetic factors may influence its expressivity. A reliable test to identify all the genetic carriers seems indispensable to define the pattern of inheritance in this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Six years' experience in a children's hospital genetic clinic.

A genetic clinic has been held once a week at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital for the past 6 years. During the period 1971--1977, 579 patients were seen, of whom 56% had genetic conditions due to chromosome defects, Mendelian traits or a multifactorial type of inheritance. In these, genetic counselling was a prime importance regarding prognosis, risk of recurrence and possibility of antenatal diagnosis. A further 25% of patients seen had conditions of non-genetic origin and could be reassured, while in the remaining 19% no specific causation was detected.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1975

Inheritance of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia type IIB or IV.

The genetic background of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia was evaluated in 239 first-degree relatives of 48 probands with serum triglyceride level in excess of 30.0 mM and with either normal (type IV) or elevated (type IIB) serum cholesterol concentration. In one quarter of the families, all examined first-degree relatives of the proband were normolipidaemic and, thus, the disorder was classified as non-genetic. Nine of 26 probands with IV in contrast to only three of 22 probands with type IIB abnormality fell into this category. In 75% of the families the hyperlipoproteinaemia was caused by one or several abnormal genes. A multiple-type (combined) familial hyperlipidaemia could be demonstrated in 30 families and a single-type IIB or IV familial disease was found in 6 instances. Thus, the multiple-type hyperlipoproteinaemia seems to be responsible for the elevated serum triglyceride level in more than one-half of the cases with moderate to severe hyperglyceridaemia while a pure familial endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia is relatively rare. Exactly 50% of the members of families with the multiple-type lipid disorder were affected but the distribution of individual cholesterol and triglycerides values did not show a definite bimodality. It is possible that the abnormality is heterogeneous and includes several disease entities, which are indistinguishable by a conventional lipid or lipoprotein analysis but can be separated by kinetic or enzyme studies.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1979

The inheritance of growth and form in the mouse. IV. Changes in the variance components of weight, tail length and tail width during growth.

A complete diallel cross, including inbreds and reciprocals, was made among six inbred lines of mice. Body weight, tail length and tail width were measured at ages of 1 through 12 weeks. The analysis described by Griffing (1956a, 1956b, 1958) as the modified diallel, method 3, model II was made for each trait at each age, a separate analysis being made for each sex. Inbreds did not contribute to estimates of the effects in the diallel model, but were used to estimate heterosis. Positive heterosis was observed for all three traits. Heritability increased with age for all three traits, although it remained small for tail width; for body weight it was larger in females than for males, while for tail length and width the opposite was true. Non-additive genetic variance was observed for all three traits. Maternal effects variance was virtually non-existent for tail length, but for body weight and tail width exhibited a marked peak around weaning, followed by a gradual decline for body weight and a rapid decline for tail width. Environmental variance exhibited a marked peak at weaning for all three traits and was larger for male body weight and tail length from four weeks onward. Residual reciprocal effects were important for tail length at all ages, but were small or negligible for body weight and tail width. It is concluded that the relative importance of the individual's genotype in determining size increases with age, while that of non-genetic factors declines.

Age Factors↗